• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.452-457
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• 2008

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is caused by rainfall moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away various pollutants from NPS. The discharge pattern of NPS pollutant loads is affected by the distribution of the rainfall during the year. This study analysed relationship between the rainfall event and the stream flow rate, and estimated the rainfall discharge ratio on the specific design flow which can be used as nonpoint discharge coefficient for the estimation of NPS pollution load. It is considered that nonpoint discharge coefficient can be effectively used for the calculation of NPS pollution load at the time of water quality modelling for the management of Total maximum daily load (TMDL).

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2018

비점오염원을 정량화하기 위해 국립환경과학원의 강우유출수 조사방법은 복합토지이용 유역 모니터링 방법으로 유출 초기 24시간동안은 1시간간격으로 채수 하는 것을 제안하였다. 그러나 고빈도 샘플링은 현장 및 분석 인력 및 비용이 과다해질 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 1시간 간격 샘플링 방식에 비해 더 긴 샘플링 간격이 부하 추정에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 풍영정천 유역을 토지이용현황에 따라 농촌 소유역, 도시 소유역, 유역말단으로 구분하여 채수 1시간간격과 다른 채수 시간간격에 따른 부하량의 차이를 비교하였다. BOD와 T-P는 4시간 간격까지는 부하량의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 1시간 간격 채수에 따른 부하량과 다른 채수간격 부하량의 차이가 10% 이하가 합리적이라고 판단 할 때 BOD와 T-P 모두 3시간 간격의 채수가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 효과적인 모니터링 체계를 구축하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 효율적인 관리방안을 확립하기 위하여 단위재배지로부터의 오염물질 배출특성을 조사하였다. 무강우일수가 상대적으로 길었던 약 20%의 강우사상을 제외한 나머지 강우사상에 대해서는 강우량과 강우에 의한 유출수량의 상관성은 상관계수 0.92로 매우 높았으며, 유출수량이 유출계수에 미치는 영향인자로는 유출직전의 강우강도가 주요인자임을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 유출수로부터 발생하는 오염물질의 EMCs(유량가중평균농도)가 높은 강우사상의 결과로 무강우일수가 길었던 강우사상에서 무강우에 의해 건조된 토양의 영향에 기인한 것임을 알 수 있다. 유출수로부터 발생되는 TSS, BOD, COD, TN 및 TP 등의 부하량은 동일한 강우사상에서 유사한 경향을 나타내므로 부유물질을 제어함으로써 다른 오염물질의 제거도 가능할 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 강우량계급별 유출계수 만을 이용한 오염물질부하량은 많은 오차를 나타낼 것이며, 오염부하 예측시스템을 개발할 때에는 강우량, 무강우일수, 선행강우량 등을 인자로 고려한 재배지토양조건을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

토지이용이 혼재되고 하수관거 시스템이 미흡한 유역의 강우유출 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 유역에서 토지 이용 및 하수관거 형태에 따른 강우 유출 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 팔당호 유역 7개 시·군에서 공공 하수관거 시스템 지역 48개소, 개인하수처리시설 지역 28개소에 대한 강우 유출수 모니터링을 실시하였다. 개인하수처리시설 지역의 토지 이용은 산림과 논의 비율이 높았으며 SS, TN, TP EMCs와 초기세척강도가 공공하수처리지역에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 초기 강우 차집 시스템을 설치하여 초기강우 유출수 43%를 처리할 경우 59%의 TP 유출부하량을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 개인하수처리시설이 설치된 지역에서 강우량 및 강우지속시간과 영양염류 유출 부하량은 양의 상관관계(R>0.6)를 나타내어 팔당호의 부영양화 문제를 관리하기 위해 개인하수처리지역에 대한 우선적 정책이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2012

SWAT model was applied for the Nakdong River Basin to characterize water quality variability and assess the feasibility of using the load duration curve to water quality management. The basin was divided into 67 sub-basins considering various watershed environment, and rainfall runoff and pollutant loading were simulated based on 6 year measurements of meteo-hydrological data, discharge data of treatment plants, and water quality data (SS, T-N and T-P). The results demonstrate that non-point source loads during wet season increase by 80 ~ 95% of total loads. Although the rate of water flow governs the amount of SS that is transported to the main streams, nutrient concentrations are highly elevated during dry season by being concentrated. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the lower basin, receiving large amounts of urban point source discharges such as treated sewages. Also, the load duration curves (LDC) demonstrate dominant source problems based on the load exceedances, showing that SS concentrations are associated with the rainy season and nutrients, such as T-P, may be more concentrated at low flow and more diluted at higher flow. Overall, the LDC method could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and pollutant loads in watershed scale.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2020

Rice paddy accounts for approximately 52.5% of all farmlands in South Korea, and it is closely related to the water environment. Climate change is expected to affect not only agricultural productivity also the water and the nutrient circulation. Therefore this study was aimed to evaluate changes of nitrogen load from rice paddy considering climate change scenario uncertainty. APEX-Paddy model which reflect rice paddy environment by modifying APEX (Agricultural Policy and Environmental eXtender) model was used. Using the AIMS (APCC Integrated Modeling Solution) offered by the APEC Climate Center, bias correction was conducted for 9 GCMs using non-parametric quantile mapping. Bias corrected climate change scenarios were applied to the APEX-Paddy model. The changes and uncertainty in runoff and nitrogen load were evaluated using multi-model ensemble. Paddy runoff showed a change of 23.1% for RCP4.5 scenario and 45.5% for RCP8.5 scenario compared the 2085s (2071 to 2100) against the base period (1976 to 2005). The nitrogen load was found to be increased as 43.9% for RCP4.5 scenario and 76.0% for RCP8.5 scenario. The uncertainty analysis showed that the annual standard deviation of nitrogen loads increased in the future, and the maximum entropy indicated an increasing tendency. And Duncan's analysis showed significant differences among GCMs as the future progressed. The result of this study seems to be used as a basis for mid- and long-term policies for water resources and water system environment considering climate change.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Non-point source pollution, which is found in soil, urban area, and agricultural area, is difficult to have its amount to be estimated. Moreover, it is hard to come up with a counterplan to cope with this pollutant. Hence, the watershed of Mandae-cheon located at the upstream of Soyang Lake was chosen as our site of study. We analyzed the relationship between precipitation level of each month and pollution load in the watershed by using statistical methods: measuring BOD, T-N and T-P - which are the causes of eutrophication - in the water; and analyzing the changes in water quality caused by precipitation level of nth.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.283-286
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• 2003

In order to examine effects of sampling frequency during rainfall-runoff process from paddy field on the estimation of pollution load, EMCs of several water sampling frequencies were examined. It was found that the difference of EMCs between one time sampling and two hours consecutive sampling during storm event showed $34.1{\sim}-19.1%$ for T-N, $55.4{\sim}-27.3%$ for T-P, $68.5{\sim}-41.0%$ for the SS, respectively. Five times sampling reduced difference of EMCs compared to those two hours interval sampling to $15.2{\sim}-15.2%$ for T-N, $20.0{\sim}-26.2%$ for T-P, $28.6{\sim}-35.7%$ for the SS, respectively.

• 농촌계획
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Runoff and water quality was monitored from a watershed with small-scale livestock production farms. To evaluate pollution potential, land use, population, the size of livestock production of each farm, and livestock management method were surveyed. Climate and stream flow data were measured. Water samples were taken periodically for base flow conditions and some storm events. Pollutant loading was estimated by flow volume and concentrations of constituents. Delivery ratio of pollutant load was determined using estimated pollutant load.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality change when wastewater applied to study paddy fields. CREAMS-PADDY (Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management System) model was used to estimate the field-scale water quality. Simulated results were compared with observed data monitored from Byeongjeom study paddy fields which is located near the Suwon sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. Significance analysis was performed for the three different irrigation water quality level and five fertilizer reduction scenarios using LSD (Least Significant Difference) and DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Total nitrogen was found to be significant for both irrigation water quality level and fertilizer reduction while total phosphorus was not. Annual drainage load for total nitrogen was reduced by 66~92 % compared to irrigation load when treated wastewater irrigated to study paddy fields from 2002 to 2007. Total phosphorus was reduced by 70~86 %.