• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2002

A grid-based hydrological model, CELTHYM, capable of estimating base flow and surface runoff using only readily available data, was used to assess hydrologic impacts caused by land use change on Little Eagle Creek (LEC) in Central Indiana. Using time periods when land use data are available, the model was calibrated with two years of observed stream flow data, 1983-1984, and verified by comparison of model predictions with observed stream flow data for 1972-1974 and 1990-1992. Stream flow data were separated into direct runoff and base flow using HYSEP (USGS) to estimate the impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component. Analysis of the ratio between direct runoff and total runoff from simulation results, and the change in these ratios with land use change, shows that the ratio of direct runoff increases proportionally with increasing urban area. The ratio of direct runoff also varies with annual rainfall, with dry year ratios larger than those for wet years shows that urbanization might be more harmful during dry years than abundant rainfall years in terms of water yield and water quality management.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

This study uses the SWAT model to analyze the characteristics of long-term runoff at the Ssang-cheon Basin located in the city of Sokcho, which is located in the province of Gangwon. The study considers the effect of snow packing and snow melting in a runoff simulation. In this simulation, the study examines the need to introduce a snow pack and snow melt model to evaluate the water resources of the mountainous region of the Gangwon province. The findings of this study indicate that the runoff hydrograph that was produced approximates the true measured flow when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered, compared to when they are not factored in. The analysis of the flow duration curve indicates that the stream flow largely increases when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered. The wet stream flow was shown to increase by nearly 3% due to the melting effect, while the normal stream flow, low stream flow and drought stream flow were shown to increase by slightly more than 10%. Specifically, it was found that as the stream flow decreases, the effect of the snow pack and snow melt on the stream flow increases.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.439-439
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• 2015

The temporal and spatial relationship of the weather elements such as rainfall and temperature is closely linked to the streamflow simulation, especially, to the flood forecasting problems. For the study area, Imjin river basin, which has the specific characteristics in geography with river cross operation between North and South Korea, the meteorological information in the northern area is totally deficiency, lead to the inaccuracy of streamflow estimation. In the paper, this problem is solved by using the combination of global (such as soil moisture content, land use) and local hydrologic components data such as weather data (precipitation, evapotranspiration, humidity, etc.) for the model-driven runoff (surface flow, lateral flow and groundwater flow) data in each subbasin. To compute the streamflow in Imjin river basin, this study is applied the hydrologic model SURR (Sejong Univ. Rainfall-Runoff) which is the continuous rainfall-runoff model used physical foundations, originally based on Storage Function Model (SFM) to simulate the intercourse of the soil properties, weather factors and flow value. The result indicates the spatial variation in the runoff response of the different subbasins influenced by the input data. The dependancy of runoff simulation accuracy depending on the qualities of input data and model parameters is suggested in this study. The southern region with the dense of gauges and the adequate data shows the good results of the simulated discharge. Eventually, the application of SURR model in Imjin riverbasin gives the accurate consequence in simulation, and become the subsequent runoff for prediction in the future process.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.451-460
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• 1998

The objectives of this study Is to evaluate the total runoff yield, peak flow and peak flow travel time depending on the urbanization, return period and rainfall patterns at the downstream of Manchon urban watershed in TaeGu City. SWM(Storm Water Management Model) is used for runog analysis based on 5 different steps of urbanization and 4 different types of Hufrs quartile according to 8 return periods. It is analyzed that the order of total runoff yield according to raiun patterns is Huffs 4, Huffs 2. Huffs 3 and Huffs 1 quartile, that of peak flow magnitude is Huffs 2, Huffs 1, Huffs 4 and Huffs 3 quartile at present development ratio. under the 60, 70, 80 and 90ft of urbanization to the 50% of urbanization by means of the rainfall patterns, the mean Increasing ratio of total runoff yield for each case is 4.55, 11.43, 16.07 and 20.02%, that of peak flow is 5.82, 13.61, 17.15 and 18.83%, the mean decreasing ratio of peak flow travel time Is 0.00, 2.44, 5.07 and 6.26%, the mean increasing ratio of runoff depth Is 4.51, 11.42, 16.02 and 20.05% respectively. the mean increasing ratio of total runoff yield by means of each and 19.71%. Therefore, as the result of this study. it can be used for principal data as to storm sewage treatment and flood damage protection planning in urban small watershed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 금강수계를 대상으로 주요지점별 유역유출지표를 개발하기 위해 금강수계를 14개의 소유역으로 분할하였다. 금강수계의 주요지점은 용담댐, 대청댐 및 공주수위표 지점으로 선정하였으며 각 지점에서의 관측유출량은 수위-유량 곡선식에 의해 산정하였고 모의유출량은 미국 공병단에서 개발한 SSARR (Streamflow flow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation) 모형을 기반으로 하고 사용자 중심의 소프트웨어로 한국수자원공사에서 개발한 RRFS (Rainfall-Runoff Forecasting System)에 의해 산정하였다. 일단위 관측유출량과 모의유출량을 일, 반순, 순, 월, 계절, 연별 누가이동평균 유출량 및 정상월/년 유출량으로 구성하였다. 구성된 단위 기간별 누가이동평균 유출량과 정상월/년 유출량을 사용하여 각각에 대한 유황분석을 실시하였다. 각각의 유황분석에 의해 산정된 4개의 값인 풍수량 평수량 저수량 갈수량을 주요 지점별 유역유출지표로 활용하였다. 또한 구성된 각각의 유출량을 대상으로 갈수 및 홍수빈도부석을 통해 현재의 단위기간별 유출량과 정상월/년 유출량이 갈수량 또는 흥수량인지를 파악함으로써 해당 지점에서의 유량이 적고 많음을 판정할 수 있는 체계로 유역유출지표를 개발하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the runoff characteristics of non-point source according to rainfall in Nam watershed. Land-uses of the Nam watershed were surveyed paddy field 4.5%, crop field 6.8%, mountainous 78.7%, urban 2.4%, and etc. 7.7%. Mean runoff coefficients in each area were observed Ⅰ area 0.08, Ⅱ area 0.08, and Ⅲ area 0.05. In the relationship between the rainfall and peak-flow, correlation coefficients(r) were investigated Ⅰ area -0.8609, Ⅱ area 0.6035, and Ⅲ area -0.4913. In the relationship between the antecedent dry period and first flow runoff, correlation coefficients(r) were investigated Ⅰ area -0.9093, Ⅱ area -0.1039, and Ⅲ area -0.7317. The discharge of pollutant concentrations relates to the flow rate of storm-water. In the relationship between the rainfall and watershed loading, exponent values of BOD, COD, SS, and T-N were estimated to 1.2751, 1.2003, 1.3744, and 1.1262, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2010

The increase of impervious cover (IC) in a watershed is known as an important factor causing alteration of water cycle, deterioration of water quality and biological communities of urban streams. The study objective was to assess the impact of IC changes on the surface runoff characteristics of Kap Stream basin located in Geum river basin (Korea) using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). SWMM was calibrated and verified using the flow data observed at outlet of the watershed with 8 days interval in 2007 and 2008. According to the analysis of Landsat satellite imagery data every 5 years from 1975 to 2000, the IC of the watershed has linearly increased from 4.9% to 10.5% during last 25 years. The validated model was applied to simulate the runoff flow rates from the watershed with different IC rates every five years using the climate forcing data of 2007 and 2008. The simulation results indicated that the increase of IC area in the watershed has resulted in the increase of peak runoff and reduction of travel time during flood events. The flood flow ($Q_{95}$) and normal flow ($Q_{180}$) rates of Kap Stream increased with the IC rate. However, the low flow ($Q_{275}$) and drought flow ($Q_{355}$) rates showed no significant difference. Thus the subsurface flow simulation algorithm of the model needs to be revisited for better assessment of the impact of impervious cover on the long-term runoff process.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

한라산 어승생오름에서 수문 관측을 실시하여 제주도 스코리아콘 소유역의 유출 특성을 규명하였다. 실험유역은 면적이 5.1ha이며, 식생은 서어나무와 졸참나무가 우점하고 있다. 실험 유역에서는 전 기간에 걸쳐 유출이 발생하였으며, 기저 유출은 4월부터 점진적으로 증가하다가 10월 이후에 다시 감소하였다. 강우량이 현저하게 작거나 선행 강우가 없는 일부 강우 이벤트를 제외하면 강우 발생시에는 대부분 유출의 피크가 출현하였다. 또한 하이드로그래프의 상승 곡선과 하강 곡선이 급격하게 변화하는 섬광적인 유출 특성을 보이며, 지체 시간도 매우 짧아 평균 35.8분에 불과하다. 연속 강우량이 증가하면 빠른 유출 성분의 유출률도 증가하나, 그 증가율은 크지 않고 최대 유출률도 24.7%에 불과하다. 또한 68.3%의 강우 이벤트에서 빠른 유출 성분의 유출률은 1%를 넘지 못할 만큼 총강우량에 대하여 빠른 유출 성분이 차지하는 비율은 높지 않다. 비교적 지속 시간이 긴 강우 이벤트에서는 측방침투류에 기인하는 것으로 보이는 완만한 2차 피크도 출현하였다. 이런 유출 특성에는 실험 유역의 국지적인 불투수층이 관여하는 것으로 보인다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2002

The rational method of estimating peak flow is used largely for the simplicity. But the accuracy of rational method is not easy to estimate, because the rational method is analyzed by the deterministic point or view and the runoff coefficients of the rational method are proposed from other countries. In this study the rational method is analyzed by the probabilistic way to be a more reliable method. The runoff coefficient is regarded to parameter that changes the probabilistic rainfall to the peak flow. The runoff coeffient for each return period is analyzed to be a reliable index which is used to estimate the peak flow of ungauged natural catchments.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.246-246
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• 2015

Runoff at any given location along a stream can be expressed as a function of its upstream area. The runoff-drainage area relationship can be well expressed as power-law (Brush, 1961) with its exponent, ranging as high as unity (e.g., Stall and Fok, 1968) and as low as 0.5 in natural rivers. Here, we study the runoff-drainage area relationships for Han River and Nakdong River, Korea. We find that the relationships follow power-law and their exponents are highly related with occurrence frequency of flow. To support this, we analyze flow frequency with historical data measured over decades. Findings in this study can broaden our understanding on mechanisms behind the catchment response to runoff.