• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2001

Stroke is known as a detrimental disease that leaves serious sequelae. The stroke patients suffer from limitations of physical and social activities. The patients try to adapt themselves to the limitations in order to achieve rehabilitation. This study was performed to clarify the lived experience of rehabilitation from the stroke patients. In collecting data for this study, in-depth personal interviews were made by a researcher from February to April in 2001 at rehabilitation clinics and physical therapy centers locate in Iksan city. The methodological approach was van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology in order to understand the meaning and nature of stroke patients' experiences in rehabilitating their physical limitations. Collected data were analyzed with phenomenological way of study that was develope by van Manen. The 8 patients who agreed to participate in this research were inter viewed by researcher under the private and comfortable environment. Personal interviews were done three or five times per each patients and each interview took 70 to 90 minutes. The statements were analyzed and finally revealed three essential themes : Theme 1 - Desperateness to achieve freedom again Theme 2 - Seizing hope of recovering Theme 3 - Seeking support from family members, relatives and friends Based on these themes, stroke patients' rehabilitation experience are described as following. The stroke patients have strong desire to achieve freedom again in order to escape from social isolation. The stroke patients want to go back to the state of their previous health state. The stroke patients strongly try to do anything for their recovering and also to have positive thinking. In the other hand, they feel pity for themselves through desperation, fear, sorrow, and self-pity. The stroke patients have dissatisfaction about neighbors' rumor and attitude toward themselves. The stroke patients have experiences to rely on neighbors' support seeking a warm word of consolation. This research showed us that van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology leads us to understand stroke patients' rehabilitation process more comprehensibly. Based on this research, it is suggested that further studies provide a foundation for the development of a rehabilitation theory for Korean stroke patients.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.40-53
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• 2019

Although fake news has been present in human history at any time, nowadays, with social media, deceptive information has a stronger effect on society than before. This article answers two research questions, namely (1) Is the dissemination of fake news supported by machines through the automatic construction of filter bubbles, and (2) Are echo chambers of fake news manmade, and if yes, what are the information behavior patterns of those individuals reacting to fake news? We discuss the role of filter bubbles by analyzing social media's ranking and results' presentation algorithms. To understand the roles of individuals in the process of making and cultivating echo chambers, we empirically study the effects of fake news on the information behavior of the audience, while working with a case study, applying quantitative and qualitative content analysis of online comments and replies (on a blog and on Reddit). Indeed, we found hints on filter bubbles; however, they are fed by the users' information behavior and only amplify users' behavioral patterns. Reading fake news and eventually drafting a comment or a reply may be the result of users' selective exposure to information leading to a confirmation bias; i.e. users prefer news (including fake news) fitting their pre-existing opinions. However, it is not possible to explain all information behavior patterns following fake news with the theory of selective exposure, but with a variety of further individual cognitive structures, such as non-argumentative or off-topic behavior, denial, moral outrage, meta-comments, insults, satire, and creation of a new rumor.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2011

Rumor or abusive web postings in internet has become a social issue. Web postings may be proposed on evidence in form of a screenshot in libel suit, but a screenshot can be easily modified by computer programs. A person can make ill use of the screenshot which is modified deliberately original contents to opposite meaning in a lawsuit. That makes an innocent person to be punished because it can have difficulties to verify despite analyzing the server data. A screenshot of web postings is likely to fail to prove its authenticity and it is not able to reflect the fact. If notarization for web postings is offered, clear and convincing evidence can be submitted in a court. So, related techniques and policies should be established In this paper, we propose some technical and legal conditions and design for notarization and archive system of web postings for litigation.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2024

The use of the social media has become part of our daily life activities. The social web channels provide the content generation facility to its users who can share their views, opinions and experiences towards certain topics. The researchers are using the social media content for various research areas. Sentiment analysis, one of the most active research areas in last decade, is the process to extract reviews, opinions and sentiments of people. Sentiment analysis is applied in diverse sub-areas such as subjectivity analysis, polarity detection, and emotion detection. Stance classification has emerged as a new and interesting research area as it aims to determine whether the content writer is in favor, against or neutral towards the target topic or issue. Stance classification is significant as it has many research applications like rumor stance classifications, stance classification towards public forums, claim stance classification, neural attention stance classification, online debate stance classification, dialogic properties stance classification etc. This research study explores different feature sets such as lexical, sentiment-specific, dialog-based which have been extracted using the standard datasets in the relevant area. Supervised learning approaches of generative algorithms such as Naïve Bayes and discriminative machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and k-Nearest Neighbor have been applied and then ensemble-based algorithms like Random Forest and AdaBoost have been applied. The empirical based results have been evaluated using the standard performance measures of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F-measures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 1978

Studies pertaining to influential factors on adoption and practice of family planning are very much needed to lower fertility, for family planning has regarded as only one social acceptable means to curb the accelerated population growth. One of the influential factors is known as rumors on family planning methods that hinder the actual practice of family planning. This study generally aimed at disclosing rumors on family planning methods prevalent in rural communities so that one could gain some in sights to cope with the ill effects of rumors to promote family planning Practice in rural communities in Korea. In order to accomplish the general aims this study formulated following four specific objectives; 1. Find out types and frequencies of rumors exposed of contraceptive methods. 2. Find out the relationship between the rumors exposed and socio-economic and demographic characteristics of new village leaders and health workers. 3. Examine the relationship between family planing rumors and family planning practices. The materials for this study were drawn from the two different sets of data gathered in July and Octorber 1977 respectivily by Center for Population ＆ family Planning, Yon sei University. One is current family planning practice among eligible women reaiding in 4 Myuns in Kwang Wha country and the other is Survey on Rumor on family planning method heard by new village leaders and health workers in the four myuns. The four Myuns were divided into 60 small areas. Current family planning practice rate in each small area and as a whole were calculated. The unit of analysis in this study was not the indviduel person but the 55 small areas. Percentage, average, F-Test t-test and a coefficient of correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. Rumors by different method of contraception: Medical complications, gastro-intestinal disorders, and difficulty in usage one most prevalent rumors about oral pills. Around 49% -77% of the 55 areas were often heard and the most frequent rumor was related medical complications of oral pills. Rumors on medical complications and incomplete effect of intrauterines as contraceptive were heard 51-66% of the 55 small areas. Rumors that vasectomy resulted in family problems, for instance infiedelity of spouse were often heard to 44% of the 55 small areas. 2. Rumors by socio-economic and demographic characteristic of new village leader and health workers: Among the demographic characteristics such as sex, age and sex composition of children, sex and age differentials in frequency of rumors heard more observed, Female new village health workers have heard more frequently than male new village leader. (t = 7.137, p> 0.01, d.f. = 53, a coefficient of correlation 0.27, p>0.05) The Younger age group less than 40 years of age have heard rumors of than the group over 40 years old. (t = 7.18, p>0.01, d.f. = 53, a coefficient of correlation 0.27, p>0.05) However, it was not observable that a consistent sex and age differentials in frequency of rumors heard of each contraceptive mettled, But, more female new village health works heard of rumors about intrauterine device than male new village leaders. (t = 0.497, p> 0.01, d.f. = 53, a coefficient of correlatin 0.32, p>0.01) 3. It was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of rumors heard and current family planning practices on the whole, However, frequency of rumors heard about vasectomy appeared to have a positive relationship with current practice of vasectomy. A rather consistent pattern of relationship between“requency of rumors heard”and current family practice rate was demonstrated of 10 graphes which showed the relation between the two variagles. The current family planning practice rate in the“never heard”group and “frequently heard”group was equally lower than that in“often heard”group. The relatively consistent ∩ pattern of relationship needs to be farther investigated, for this pattern is different from the relationship that has been assumed to exist between these two variables.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

This study was conducted to assess the influence of hazard pattern in the surface structure of pollen grains of Campsis grandiflora, and cytotoxicity of different part extracts and nectar on RAW264.7 macrophages. The pollen grains were medium sized ($21.8{\mu}m$) with tricolpate aperture type. In equatorial view, the pollens were prolate (P/E=1.8) and the exine pattern was smooth and reticulate. This result contradict with the rumor of having a hook-shaped protuberance that can damage the cornea because we couldn't observed any protuberance on the surface of the outer wall. Furthermore, we investigated the 70% MeOH extracts (flower, leaf, stem) and nectar of C. grandiflora for their cell viability in temporal basis via MTT analysis on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity among the MeOH extracts and nectar of C. grandiflora after 24 h. However, nectar showed the dosedependent cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 macrophage cells after 48 h.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) promote the development of brain and vision of the fetus, relieve inflammation, inhibit oral dysplasia of rumor cell, decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease and regulate arrhythmia. ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase is the rate-limited enzyme in the desaturation process. This study reports the cloning, characterization and tissue expression of a ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase gene in the chicken. PCR primers were designed based on the predicted sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase (accession number: XM421053) and used to isolate a cDNA fragment of 1,323 bp from chicken liver. Based on the 1,323 bp fragment an EST (BI390105) was obtained by BLAST. The EST and 5'nd of the 1,323 bp fragment were partially overlapped. Gene specific primers derived from the EST were used for amplification of the 5'nd. Another gene-specific primer derived from the 1,323 bp fragment was used for amplification of the 3'nd by 3'ACE. Then the three overlapping cDNA sequences obtained were assembled with DNAMAN software and a full-length ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase of 2,153 bp was obtained. The full-length cDNA contained an ORF of 1,335 bp with a 5'ntranslated region of 147 nucleotides followed by an ATG initiation codon. Stop codon TGA was at position 1,481-1,483 bp. The deduced amino acids shared an homology above 77% with bovine, mice, orangutan, rat and human. The protein sequence had three histidine-rich regions HDFGH (HisI region), HFQHH (HisII region) and HH (HisIII region), a cytochrome $b_{5}$-like domain containing a heme-binding motif and two transmembrane domains. Sequence analysis of the chicken genomic DNA revealed that the coding sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase included 12 exons and 11 introns. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase expression levels were in turn liver, spleen, pancreas, lung, breast muscle, heart, and abdominal fat. The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in liver was significantly higher than that in breast muscle (p<0.01). The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in lung was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat (p<0.01). This is the first clone of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.34
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• pp.219-235
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• 2014

The term 'noble savage' is a literary stock character that expresses the concept of an idealized person who has not been corrupted by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness. Fictional noble savage characters that are raised by wild animals such as Rudiard Kipling's Mowgli or Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan were created over 100 years ago but are still repeatedly reproduced as movies and TV series. Since films that depict noble savages tend to criticize civilization, popularity of these film could be due to the hidden anxiety of masses towards civilization and technology. Characters in commercial films about noble savages tend to be leveled, sharpened, and assimilated as Allport and Postman argued in The Psychology of Rumor. It is probably because films, as mass medium, need to be understood easily to the public. Characters in animations with cartoon style images are more likely to be leveled, sharpened, and assimilated even further than live-actions. Films show social stereotype of the time through assimilation process. Comparing different versions of film based on the same novel about noble savage how those social stereotypes such as gender roles and idea of evil change.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-287
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• 2016

This study explores of press report on the death of Beongen Yoo based on network analysis and how issue diffuses via Internet and SNS in mainstream news and conservative channels of comprehensive programming. Issue salience, word's visibility and word's connectivity are the main keyword and analysis criteria of this study. Conservative channel of comprehensive programming focused on the surrounding information rather than core information compared to Mainstream media, Conservative channels of comprehensive media was interested in Yu, Beongeon, an article left, brand, rumor of a body and Mainstream media focused on the results of DNA test. Mainstream media covers this case as the discovery of the Yu, Beongeon body, Mainstream media reported as 'the discovery of the body frame, conservative channels of comprehensive programming reports as blame of investigation at the first stage. The former focuses on the cause of death and the latter focuses on the raising of strong doubts frame at the second stage. In case of the third stage the latter covered on the emphasis of the surrounding information. They frames the issue differently based on network analysis. The view point of conservative channel of comprehensive programming is diffused via SNS. This study highlights the role of journalist of mainstream media in the process of agenda-setting

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 1996

Klinefelter's syndrome is characterized by small testes, azoospermia, gynecomastia, and elevated levels of plasma gonadotropins in men with two or more X chromosomes. Previous investigators reponed that patients with Klinefelter's syndrome are predisposed to the development of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor in the mediastinum. It is suggested that this linkage may be due to the hormonal imbalance in Klinefelter's syndrome and consequently, the formation of dysgenetic germ cell and/or abnomal migration of germ cell We report here a case of Klinefelter's syndrome in a 24-years-old man who was presented with anterior mediastinal mass. The clinical and laborarotory fmdings were compatible with Klinefelter's syndrome and he was found to have 47 XXY karyotype. Pathological findings for mediastinal mass revealed mixed germ cell tumor composed of mature cystic teraloma and endodermal sinus rumor. He was treated with cis platin containing chemotherapy and followed up in partial remission.