• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2016

Hae-Yong Shin was a renowned merchant during the transitional period from Korean Imperialism to Japanese Occupation, and devoted his life during the period of Japanese Occupation as a proponent of patriotic enlightenment movement and translator. He also authored many medical and scientific works; in particular, he integrated the modern Western medicine into the Korean herbal medicine in his writings. His early works include New Edition of Natural History (1907), Physiology published in six series in the YaRoe, a magazine for the patriotic enlightenment movement, and the New Edition of Zoology (1908). These writings are assumed to have deepened Shin's knowledge of and insights into human and animal physiologies and anatomies. In the Danbang-Biyo-Gyeongheom-Shinpyeon (1913), he sought to incorporate the aspects of the Western medicine while mainly adopting the approach of the Korean herbal medicine. While keeping the contents and formations of Donguibogam, he recorded many empirical prescriptions and deleted theories incomprehensible for the general population, shamanic prescriptions, and poisonous and deadly ingredients. Its most salient features are the use of the Korean vernacular script for explications and simple ingredients for prescriptions. As medicinal materials, he presented commonly found low-cost native ingredients easily obtainable and affordable for. In the disciplines of childbirth, childbearing, and first aid, he adopted Western medical treatments. Danbangshinpyeon is particularly significant in that it contributed to public health by spreading practical basic medical knowledge in the vernacular script easily applicable at home in difficult situations for obtaining medical services under the Japanese colonial rule.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.381-395
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• 1996

This study examines the nature of policies of the national forest in the colonial Korea during the period 1926-36. The contents of Choson Forestry Policy Plan announced in 1926 by the colonial government were compared with the actual accomplishments appearing in the historical records. The Plan is believed to have two-fold objectives : that is, the attainment of sustainable profits from the management of national forests and the restructuring of the national forest management organizations for the minimization of administration costs of the colonial government. The objectives of the Plan was framed by the influence of the Imperial Japanese Government. The analysis reveals that the timber supply from national forests was increased by two folds during the period of 10 years resulting an enormous decrease in the growing stock of national forests. The number of national forest management stations was decreased steadily while the regeneration of forest logged relied mainly on the natural regeneration, with artificial regeneration ratio of 13% by acreage. Based on the result of analysis, it is concluded that the national forest policy during the period 1926-36 is a resource exploiting policy for the benefit of the Imperial Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.398-412
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of the forest-land registry system in the Forest Law of 1908 and the effects this system had on the colonial forest-land policy used in Korea under the influence of Japanese Imperialism. This was started under the Profit-sharing Forest System which was one of the policies for disposing of the Korean national forests. The purpose of this system was to establish forest-land ownership, a fundamental human right. This system was enforced by the Japanese Colonial Government without regard to the customary and important right of Koreans to use the forests, and without considering the distinction between national and private forests. Koreans understood that this system was a warning sign of a tax being imposing on forest-land owners. Furthermore, Koreans thought the Japanese were using this system to deprive them of their forest-land. The strata of Koreans reporting ownership were very limited and included the intellectual(upper-middle) class, higher officials in counties and townships, relatives and relations of these officials, and survey agents. In particular the actual owners could not submit a report registering their land in this system because the required survey cost more than the value of the forest-land. Within the time period specified by the Japanese Colonial Government, about 520,000 registries were reported involving 2.2 million Jung-bo(.9917 hectare) with most of these coming during the last five months of reporting period. Koreans made a reasonable request to extend the deadline, but it was refused. After the reporting period expired there were no follow-up measures such as verification of the reported registrations nor establishment of boundaries between national and private forests. According to Article 19 in the Forest Law of 1908 about 14 million Jung-bo, which was not registered within the reporting period was nationalized. The colonial forest-land policy used in Korea by the Japanese Colonial Government was as follows : (1) to create a large number of national forests in the early period of their rule, (2) to divide these national forests into indispensible national forests and dispensible national forests, and (3) to transfer ownership of the dispensible national forests to colonial Japanese. To achieve the latter, the occupational government needed a method to insure ownership. They devised a tree-planting scheme in which the national forests classified as disposable were "loaned" and then transferred to these Japanese. The actual Korean owners claimed title to this forest-land and asked for the eviction of the new owners but the Japanese occupation government rejected these suits using the excuse that previous Korean owners did not submit the required registration report within the specified time period. In short the Principle of Forest-land Registry was used as a means to consolidate the forest-lands of Korea and distribute large portions of it to Japanese citizens after seizing it from the rightful Korean owners.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

In 1994, Songbuk-gu Office of Seoul held a design competition for Miarigogae-Park, Miarigogae has a special sense of place. It was a place where bararians had crossed the boundary to this country during the Manchu war of 1636. It was a public cemetery where only Koreans had been buried under the rule of Japanese imperialism. It was a place where national patriots had been kidnapped to the North during the Korean War. It's sorrows have been sung in the name of song-'Danjangeui-Miarigogae'(one of the most popular song in Korea). It's sense of place has been kept in every Korean people's mind in the form on 'non-physical image'. Even though, the site itself was a small space - only 1000㎡, the meaning of park-making was very significant. It meant that it would create a physical 'setting' to express the sense of place which has been existed only in our mind as a form of 'non-physical image'. In the winning scheme proposed by the author, the sense of place of Miarigogae was expressed in the form of 'castle walls' which could be easily come into everyone's mind as an image of war. The scope of work also included a crossing bridge and symbolic features. It was meaningful that a landscape architect won the competition including on those items which were not usually handled in pure landscape architectural offices. The purpose of this paper was to articulate the concept of the winning entry in detail and to describe how the concept actualized in reality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2001

This study is to clarify the concept of \"Americanization\" among korean modern clothing culture by investigating magazines from 1920s to 1930s. The Americanization of modern clothing culture can be divided to New fashion, Sports-wear, and Cloth improvement. 1. New fashion, Western culture was the main stream of new fashion, and modern boys and girls could bear cultural privileged consciousness. And the spread of modern culture was so fast that exaggerated fashional preference provoked extravagancy and loss of individuality. 2. Sports-wear. Under the rule of Japanese imperialism, initial sports activity was encouraged to regulate colony by principle and order. Through the sports-wear, practicality of clothing, exposure of female body, and the concept of T.P.O.(Time, place, occasion) were introduced. 3. Cloth improvement. The capitalism and modern concept of \"time\" were introduced and promoted maximum productivity. And to increase productivity, imperialist educated conveniency of western clothes and inconveniency of traditional Korean clothes. These could affect Koreans to think themselves a sense of inferiority(uncivilized complex).ncivilized complex).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.46-55
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• 2015

This study is to re-read Yun, Baek-nam(1888-1954)'s editorial "Theatre and Society" from the perspective of postcolonial criticism. He was a man of the theatre who pursued practical interests in compliance with the colonial reality under the rule of the Japanese imperialism. His advocacy of theatre development work was based on the Japan-directional reformism and on Japan-friendly in following after Japan's improvement policy. His general discussion on Western theatre history had considerable errors as a result of focus on the social role and utility of the theatre. But his vindication of theatre-actor opened an era of interaction between theatre and intelligence in Korea. In addition, his enlightening view of a theatre became such as one of the cornerstones for the Shinkug Movement during Japanese colonial period in Korea.

• The Critical Review of Religion and Culture
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• no.29
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• pp.101-133
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• 2016

The term 'myth' is modern terminology. It was introduced to the East Asia from late 19th century to early 20th century. Under the rule of Japanese imperialism, some Japanese historians insisted that Dangun(檀君) has no relation with Kochoson(古朝鮮). Some Korean historians have refuted their conjecture. The arguments between Japanese and Korean historians bring about the motives of making the concept of Shinwa(神話) The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical procedures of making myth of Homogeneous Korean as a case study of "teaching religion". For the scholar the historic beginning is to be distinguished from later myths of origins. The scholars, particularly among the historians of China, Japan and Korea take it as the beginning of the history to investigate myths, for the ending parts of narratives are in themselves involved in a social constructs in order to give legitimacy to the story. It is apparent to satisfy for the current social demands of the nation-states building. It is also an act of casting and projecting their national values into the far distant past which is considered to be authentic and authorative. The western term 'myth' had been made up in Japanese historical context in order to build "nation-state concept". In Korea, the myth of homogeneous ethnicity of Koreans had been also reconstructed as modern myth during the late 19th and the early 20th century. We can call it the invention of the tradition accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze habitat distribution on tiger, wolf, and leopard in Joseonwangjosilok. Nowaday, we only come to meet these kind of animals at the historical records because of haman-induced habitat encroachment. Historically, extinct animal became an object of game by people. So, we try to get distribution information for restoration on historical extinct animals. We made distribution map by constructing 402 counts on tiger(350), leopard(51) and wolf(1) recordsfrom 14th to Early 20th century for study. Analyzing historical materials, criteria for data analysis took into account objectivity, location information, accuracy for extinct animals. We carried out location identification of animals by using geocoding comparing with geographical name of the Joseon Dynasty period, topographic map of time under the rule of Japanese imperialism, present place name and historical materials. Database items are constructed 20 types for example appearance year of animal, population, location, damage, etc. As a result of analysis for appearance regions, tigers were recorded in capital area of higher density population intensively, and also were frequently seen at Daegu, Andong etc. Leopard and wolf were founded at regionally Gyeonggi-do and Jinju with limitation, relatively seen a few number. The reason of the appearance records like this, tiger prefer game of open and water-front area in near human residential area, there are lots of historical records such as 'Hosang'(mourning someone who killed by Tiger) and hunting. But leopard and wolf inhabit rocky area and dense forest, the reason why they made a few contact with human. Results of this are expect to be applicable restoration research for extinct animal by providing for populations, habitat environments and distribution information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The Seomoon Bridge, a new planning site, is located in Sangdang-Gu Seomoon-Dong, Chongju and is the oldest bridge built during the rule of Japanese imperialism. As the name implies, Seomoon Bridge is located on the site adjacent to west gate. The Seomoon Bridge is an important bridge as an historical trace of the vanished town of Chongu. However, as new roads and bridges are built, the Seomoon Bridge is losing its functional aspects and has become an area crowed by many street stalls. Closely located newer to Sajic Fountain, the Seomoon Bridge, which has symbolically significant meaning, now faces many problems such as non-practical use of bridge, indifferent management and non-locality, which creates a negative effect on the surrounding cityscape. given this situation, in 2001, 2, Chongju city published an appeal for public subscription of a practical use plan which may design a new, landmark and establish resting spaces for the public. The basic direction of this planning is designed to be place as the symbolic space representing Chongju, and integrated with the surrounding environmental elements such as Moosim-Cheon(stream) and Sajic Fountain, and as a recreational, resting and leisure space of the public. Especially nightscape of the bridge inspires a fresh impact on many people. Because of the widespread influence of developed cities, diverse spaces which already exist or have disappeared may be reclaimed. By establishing appropriate use plans rather than negligence, this project will propose the improved quality of cityscape and show the possibility of bublic´s outdoor living space, and our team will find out the meaning in these approach methods.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2016

One of the assimilation policies of Japanese imperialism for the permanent domination in the colonial Joseon is the theory of integration of Japan and Joseon. The theory of integration of Japan and Joseon is a logic that Joseon (Korea) and Japan (Wae) were connected to the same ancestor on the basis of ancient myths. Also it is the assimilation ideology to justify the Colonial rule of those days through the objectification of historical identity or affinity of political and cultural relations of ancient Korean peninsula and Japan (Wae). Japan reorganized our history to meet the colonial point of view, as part of the assimilation policies based on the theory of integration of Japan and Joseon. On the other hand Japan attempted to objectify them through archaeological research and the reinterpretation of the historical remains. The survey, reinterpretation and tourist of the historic sites in historic cities such as Gyeongju and Buyeo were promoted in this context. In particular, the Buyeo, a capital of Baekje, was emphasized upon the close relevance and affinity between Sabi, Baekje and ancient Asuka (飛鳥) in Japan through research and reinterpretation on the Historic Sites. Based on them, Historic Sites Tourism was conducted by reconstructed historic sites toward the colonial Korean. In addition, after the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, Japan tried to realize the politics of space by upgrading and idealizing Buyeo as homeland or Shinto (神都) related to Japanese ancient mythology of the Asuka culture. This paper investigated in what context research, reinterpret and tourist of the historic sites progressed on Buyeo area and how it had soaked through the general public in the Japanese colonial era. First, it is on historic sites. Historic sites research on Buyeo area made an attempt by Sekino Tadashi in 1909 for the first time and the re-excavation of the old burial mounds and temple sites during the Japanese colonial period. Sekino set up a cultural relationship and influences between the ancient China (梁), Korea (百濟) and Japan (倭). Also, he emphasized that Sabi, Baekje largely received influence of Chinese culture and Baekje and Japan Asuka culture had closely relations and affinity. These views had been consistent during the Japanese colonial period. Second, it is the reinterpretation on Historic sites. Buyeo Historic Sites Preservation Society (Buyeo Gojeok Bojonhoe) was established in 1915 and Osaka Kintaro, curator of Baekje exhibition hall redefined the relationship between ancient Japan and Baekje as perspective of the assimilation ideology through the post contextual interpretation. In particular, they emphasized on the close relevance between Baekje's Historic sites and Japan, through the reinterpretation of Nakhwaam, Goransa and Cheongmasanseong. Third, it is the tourist on Historic sites. Buyeo Historic Sites Preservation Society played a leading role in Tourist on Historic sites at the Buyeo region. The main tourist destinations and course were restructured through a reinterpretation on the historic sites. Japan would like to show Buyeo as ideology area, homeland of ancient Japanese culture, toward the Koreans under Japanese colonial era. Thus, research, reinterpretation, and tourism on Historic sites were promoted while they were closely related to each other. The promoting body was Joseon Chongdokbu and pro-Japanese interest group. It's point was 'made' and 'shown' by the eyes of others and a rediscovery of Buyeo as representational space of colony.