• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.787-792
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• 2004

LRB(Lead rubber bearing) has small resistance force against slowly acting loadings such as temporal and creep loadings vice versa large resistance force against rapid loadings such as earthquake and braking loadings. By those mechanical characteristics, it has the advantage to reduce longitudinal load acting on abutments and piers, and moreover to in1prove the running stability of train by restricting the behavior of bridge under the required level. In this study, a stability evaluation method of CWR on the bridge with LRB is presented. Several parametric studies are carried to investigate how LRB contributes to the improvement of CWR stability.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 2001

The tensile properties of short nylon6 fiber reinforced NR and SBR have been investigated as functions of diameter ratio(DR), interphase condition, fiber aspect ratio(AR), and fiber content. The short-fiber(DR=3 and AR=2) reinforced SBR did not show the dilution effect for all interphase conditions. And the short-fiber(DR=3 and AR=2) reinforced NR did not show the dilution effect except for the no-coating. The better interphase condition, the lower dilution effect at same DR. The tensile moduli are significantly improved due to fiber content and diameter ratio at same interphase condition. The pull-out force increased with the DR. The better interphase condition, the higher pull-out force at same DR. It is found that the DR and AR have an important effect on tensile properties.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 고무스프링의 동적 압축실험을 수행하여 고무스프링의 거동 및 특성을 규명하고 압축 강성도를 계산하여 실제 설계값에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 고무스프링의 동적 압축실험을 수행하기 위하여, L80-D55, L90-D58, L100-D60의 고무스프링의 형상계수를 구하여 총 9개의 고무스프링을 주문 제작 하여 실험에 사용하였다. 실험은 고무스프링의 길이에 따라 기압축을 제어하여 수행하였으며, 기압축은 변형률의 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% 순서로 증가시켰다. 실험결과를 통해 힘-변형률 곡선을 얻을 수 있었고, 변형률의 증가함에 따라 강도감소 현상과 강도증가 현상이 발생함을 확인하였다. 또한 고무스프링의 크기와 지름에 따라 강성저하 및 강성증가 현상이 확연하게 나타남을 확인하였고, 힘-변형률 곡선에서 할선기울기를 이용하여 유효 압축강성도를 추정하였다. 유효압축강성도를 이용하여 실제 설계에 사용할 수 있는 설계값을 제시하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

A bearing is one of core parts in automobile. Rubber seal of the bearing is important to improve performance of bearing, formed by hot-press die of rubber seal for the intricate shape. In this study, formed tools are used to machine die of bearing rubber seal and the machining operation is classified into the several process of high precision. Design of experiments is used to optimize selection of the formed tools for the efficient machining of the hot-press die. The cutting force, tool wear and tool life are determined to characteristics. And, the clearance angle, the rake angle and the length cutting edge are considered as the major factors. Experiments are repeated to use one-way factorial design, and tool life is predicted by regression model.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.98-106
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• 2003

To construct pile-supported wharf structures that must support heavy horizontal loads, both vertical piles and batter piles are used. Batter piles are used to secure the bearing capacity against the horizontal loads. However, past case histories have shown that the heads of batter piles are vulnerable because these heads are subjected to excessive axial loads during earthquakes. Therefore, the aseismatic reinforcement method must be developed to prevent batter pile heads from breaking due to excessive seismic loads. Two different connecting methods of either inserting rubber or ball-bearing between batter pile head and upper plate were proposed to improve the aseismatic efficiency. Three large-scale pile head models(rubber type model, ball-bearing type model, and fixed type model) were manufactured and horizontal loading tests were peformed for these models. The results showed that the force-displacement relationship of the fixed type model was linear, but that of the rubber type model and the ball-bearing type model was bilinear. The increase in the horizontal displacement led to the increase in the horizontal stiffness of the rubber type models and the decrease in that of the ball-bearing type model. Compared with the values for fixed type model, the damping ratios of the rubber type model and the ball-bearing type model increased about 33~185％ and 263~269％, respectively.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2001
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

When group pile supporting structures are to be subjected to large lateral loads, generally, hatter piles are used in group pile with vertical piles. It is well known that batter piles resist lateral static loads which are acted upon the piles as axial farces quite well but, they show a poor performance under seismic loads. However, it is not yet known how the batter piles behave under dynamic loading and how to strengthen the batter piles to improve the seismic performance. Shaking table tests were performed to investigate the seismic behavior of the batter pile and to bring up the countermeasures to improve the seismic performance. As the result of the shaking table tests, batter piles failed due to not only the excessive increase of compressive force near the pile head but also that of tensile force. In case that the pile head was connected with pile cap by rubber joint, the max. acceleration at the pile cap was reduced due to the high damping ratio of rubber and the max. moment and max. axial farce at the pile head was decreased remarkably. When the inclinations(V:H) of the batter pile were 8:3 and 8:4, max. moment, max. shear force, and max. axial farce were reduced notably and max. acceleration and max. displacement at the pile cap was diminished, too.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

국내에 건설 운영 중인 경전철 고가구조물은 설계 당시 경전철 고가구조물 설계기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 일반 철도교 설계기준 및 국외 차량제작사에서 제시한 설계기준을 참조하여 설계된 관계로, 고가구조물이 과다 설계되어 비경제적으로 건설된 주된 이유가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고무차륜형 경량전철이 고가구조물 위를 각각 50km/h, 60km/h, 70km/h의 속도로 주행 중 5개 제동 지점별로 제동 시 고가 하부구조물에 작용하는 제동하중을 현장 계측시험을 통해 분석하였고, 현재 설계시 반영되고 있는 철도설계기준과 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 제동하중 시험분석 결과는 향후 경전철 고가구조물 설계기준 제정 시 참조될 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2022

One of the objectives to prevent building pounding between two adjacentstructures is to considerseparation distance or decrease relative displacement during seismic excitation. Although the majority of building codes around the world have basically suggested some equations or approximately recommended various distances between structuresto avoid pounding hazard, but a lot of reportsin zone of pounding have obviously shown thatsafety situation or economic consideration are not always provided due to the collisions between buildings and the cost of land, respectively. For this purpose, a dynamic MDOF model by having base isolation system is numerically considered and using various earthquake records, relative displacements are mathematically investigated. Different equations to determine the value of damping ratio are collected and the results of evaluations are listed for comparison among them to present a new equation for determination of impact damping ratio. Presented equation is depends significantly on impact velocity before and after impact based on artificial neural network, which the accuracy of them is investigated and also confirmed. In order to select the optimum equation, hysteresisloop of impact between base of building and rubber bumper is considered and compared with the hysteresis loop of each impact, calculated by different equations. Finally, using representative equation, the effect of thickness, number and stiffness of rubber bumpers are numerically investigated. The results of analysis indicate that stiffness and number of bumpers have significantly affected in zone of impact force while the thickness of bumpers have not shown significant influence to calculate impact force during earthquake. For instance, increasing the number of bumpers, gap size between structures and also the value of stiffness is caused to decrease impact force between models. The final evaluation demonstrates that bumpers are able to decrease peak lateral displacement of top story during impact.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2016

이 연구는 대표적인 면진장치인 납고무베어링(LRB)의 유한요소모델의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 주재료인 고무의 재료특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 고무는 일반적인 탄성재료와는 달리 대변형, 비선형특성을 가지는 초탄성 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 고무를 초탄성 재료로 가정하고 그의 재료특성을 변형률에너지함수로 표현하여 LRB의 유한요소모델을 개발하였다. 연구를 위하여 여러 변형률에너지함수 중 몇 가지를 선별하고 이를 이용하여 고무의 재료특성을 예측하였다. 변형률에너지함수를 이용하여 결정된 고무의 재료특성과 표준적인 납의 재료특성을 이용하여 LRB의 유한요소모델을 개발하고, 수평방향과 수직방향의 힘-변위 관계를 해석하였다. LRB의 유한요소모델을 통하여 해석으로 예측한 수평과 수직방향 강성을 실험결과와 비교함으로써 개발된 유한요소모델의 적합성을 검증하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2003

The surface of metals should be as smooth as possible for optimum comfort, oral hygiene, low plaque retention, and resistance to corrosion. In this study five specimens of each precious metal(type III gold alloy, ceramic gold alloy, and Ag-Pd alloy) were divided into five groups according to finishing and polishing procedures : group 1(sandblaster), group 2(group 1+stone), group 3(group 2+brown rubber), group 4(group 3+green rubber), and group 5(group 4+rouge). Six specimens of each non-precious metal(Co-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy, and Co-Cr-Ti alloy) were divided into six groups: group 1(sandblaster), group 2(group 1+hard stone), group 3(group 2+electrolytic polisher), group 4(group 3+brown hard rubber point), group 5(group 4+green hard rubber point), and group 6(group 5+rouge). Considering factors affecting the rate of abrasion, the same dentist applied each finishing and polishing procedure. In addition, the surface roughness of enamel, resin, and porcelain was evaluated. The effect of finishing and polishing procedures on surface roughness of precious and non-precious metals, enamel, resin, and porcelain was evaluated by means of Atomic Force Microscope(AutoProbe CP. Park Scientific Instruments, U.S.A.) that can image the three dimensional surface profile and measure average surface roughness values of each sample at the same time. The obtained results were as follows : 1. According to finishing and polishing procedures, the surface roughness of type III gold alloy, ceramic gold alloy, and Ag-Pd alloy was decreased in the order of group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (P<0.01). 2. According to finishing and polishing procedures. the surface roughness of Co-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy, and Co-Cr-Ti alloy was decreased in the order of group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p<0.01). 3. There was not statistically significant difference in the surface roughness among three metals of precious metals in group 1 but was significant difference in group 2, 3, 4, and 5 (P<0.05). 4. There was not statistically significant difference in the surface roughness among three metals of non-precious metals in all groups. 5. When the surface roughness of the smoothest surface of each metal, enamel. porcelain, and resin was compared, porcelain was the smoothest and the surface roughness was decreased in the order of Ni-Cr alloy. Co-Cr alloy. Co-Cr-Ti alloy, resin. Ag-Pd alloy, ceramic gold alloy type III gold alloy, and enamel (P<0.01). The results of this study indicate that the finishing and polishing procedures should be carried out in a logical, systematic sequence of steps and the harder non-precious metals may be less resistance to abrasion than are the softer precious metals.