• CELLMED
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.2.1-2.10
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• 2024

Through big data analysis of the 'Joseonwangjosilok', this study examines the perception of ginseng among the ruling class and its utilization during the Joseon era. It aims to provide foundational data for the development of ginseng into a high-value cultural commodity. The focus of this research, the Joseonwangjosilok, comprises 1,968 volumes in 948 books, spanning a record of 518 years. Data was collected through web crawling on the website of the National Institute of Korean History, followed by frequency analysis of significant words. To assess the interest in ginseng across the reigns of 27 kings during the Joseon era, ginseng frequency records were adjusted based on years in power and the number of articles, creating an interest index for comparative rankings across reigns. Analysis revealed higher interest in ginseng during the reigns of King Jeongjo and King Yeongjo in the 18th century, King Sunjo in the 19th century, King Sejong in the 15th century, King Sukjong in the 17th century, and King Gojong in the 19th century. Examining the temporal emergence and changes in ginseng during the Joseon era, general ginseng types like insam and sansam had the highest frequency in the 15th century. It appears that Korea adeptly utilized ceremonial goods in diplomatic relations with China and Japan, meeting the demand for ginseng from their royal and aristocratic societies. Processed ginseng varieties such as hongsam and posam, along with traded and taxed ginseng, showed peak frequency in the 18th century. This coincided with increased cultivation, allowing a higher supply and fostering the development of ginseng processing technologies like hongsam.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.263-266
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• 2014

We evaluated the change of quadriceps angle (QA) after tibial tuberosity transposition. Twenty-nine animals and 37 limbs of the total 62 case possibilities qualified for this study. The preoperative QA was $24.02{\pm}4.02$ in grade 2, $26.08{\pm}5.66$ in grade 3 and $30.25{\pm}7.41$ in grade 4. The postoperative QA was $21.25{\pm}3.24$ in grade 2, $19.16{\pm}3.92$ in grade 3 and $19.72{\pm}7.30$ in grade 4. The postoperative QA for all grades significantly decreased when compared with the preoperative QA (P < 0.05). However, the postoperative QA values were not within the normal range, although the dogs' prognosis remained good during the 4-month follow-up period. These results suggest that postoperative QA outside of the normal range may be allowed clinically.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6845-6850
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• 2013

Background: This study was performed to gather data on second-hand smoke (SHS) concentrations in a range of public venues following the implementation of partial Smoke-Free Legislation in Malaysia in 2004. Materials and Methods: $PM_{2.5}$ was measured as a marker of SHS levels in a total of 61 restaurants, entertainment centres, internet caf$\acute{e}$s and pubs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Under the current smoke-free laws smoking was prohibited in 42 of the 61 premises. Active smoking was observed in nearly one-third (n=12) of these. For premises where smoking was prohibited and no active smoking observed, the mean (standard deviation) indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 33.4 (23.8) ${\mu}g/m^3$ compared to 187.1 (135.1) ${\mu}g/m^3$ in premises where smoking was observed The highest mean $PM_{2.5}$ was observed in pubs [361.5 (199.3) ${\mu}g/m^3$]. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of high levels of SHS across a range of hospitality venues, including about one-third of those where smoking is prohibited, despite 8 years of smoke-free legislation. Compliance with the legislation appeared to be particularly poor in entertainment centres and internet caf$\acute{e}$s. Workers and non-smoking patrons continue to be exposed to high concentrations of SHS within the hospitality industry in Malaysia and there is an urgent need for increased enforcement of existing legislation and consideration of more comprehensive laws to protect health.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.143-161
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• 2010

The "Dong-uibogam(東醫寶鑑)" is a Korean medical book which represents the Korean Oriental Medicine and compiled by the royal physician, Heo Jun. It was placed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme in the year of 2009. It has been translated and published in Korean 7 times so far, and most of them depended on the liberal translation. This study has a purpose to investigate the Korean version in the view of Chinese writing grammar, and the results can be concluded as follows ; 1. The Korean version shows insufficient translation of individual morpheme in the sentence which has the prepositions with the pronouns or the conjunctions. 2. Most of the versions failed to translate the syntax properties of the demonstrative pronoun; '之' and '其'. 3. Some of the versions are not successful in the understanding of the constituent of sentence correctly. 4. Many of the adverbial phrases are not translated, which is the constituent of modifier in the sentence. 5. Some sentences are mistranslated by the paragraphs. 6. Some of them failed to understand the significances of the vocabularies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of physiotherapy intervention for patients with COVID-19 during their hospital admission and post-discharge. METHODS: The recommendations and guidelines of physiotherapy management, medical management, and general information of the WHO, Australian Physiotherapist, European Respiratory Society, British Thoracic Society, and American Thoracic Society were reviewed. RESULTS: This paper contains general information on COVID-19, including medical management, and the importance of physiotherapy approaches including an assessment of the patients' function, such as the 6-minute walking test, five sit to stand or sit to stand for one minute to measure their function as their recovery journey. The patients' quality of life, anxiety, and depression should be considered. Physiotherapy management should be based on an assessment of the patient's presenting impairments, including inclusion and exclusion of physiotherapy intervention. The paper also approaches step by step with the disease progress, from an intensive care unit, the general ward in the acute phase, through to the rehabilitation ward if needed, and post-discharge as an outpatient.. CONCLUSION: The paper has a limitation due to the unknown factor of the natural history of COVID-19. Depending on the patients' recovery journey and the rehabilitation needed, any physiotherapy interventions should focus on what the patients' need on their journey to recovery, e.g., pulmonary, cardiac, neurological, and general rehabilitation. In addition, applying personal protection equipment for treating physiotherapists is a mandatory requirement because this protects from the transmission of COVID-19.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

This study performed to examine the genuineness of Kyung-Jong's poison hypothesis which was the one of the biggest topic in the history of Joseon Dynasty. Kyung-Jong's poison hypothesis is that Kyung-Jong who was the 20th king of the Joseon Dysansty was poisoned by the next king Young-Jo who became the 21st king. This theory was hyphosized by Sim-Yoohyun and was widely known in the 4th year of Young-jo through the revolt. Kyung-Jong suffered with severe diarrhea for 5 days which finally took his life away right after he had have marinated raw crab and persimmon. Some insist the poison must had been in those foods. However, the symptoms that Kyung-jong had were not matched with the poisons which used in those days and also poison was not the reasonable way of murder, so it is hard to say there is little possibility of poison. On the other hand, considering of Kyung-jong's health, marinated raw crab and persimmon could result of severe diarrhea. In the mean time, the possibility of Young-Jo's intention of killing Kyung-Jong is very low. Rather, he blame the royal doctors who scout the outside doctors, because he believed that it led Kyung-jong's death since the treatment was chaotic with all those different doctors. Even after the Kyung-Jong's death, Young-jo was always strict to scout the outside doctors and missed Kyung-jong consistently. On this basis, it is hard to say that king Kyung-Jong was murdered by poisoning.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.668-675
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• 2022

Background Educational resources on the internet are extensively used to obtainmedical information. YouTube is the most accessed video platform containing information to enhance the learning experience of medical professionals. This study systematically analyzed the educational value of microsurgery-related videos on this platform. Methods A systematic review was conducted on YouTube from April 18 to May 18, 2020, using the following terms: "microsurgery," "microsurgical," "microsurgical anastomosis," "free flap," and "free tissue transfer." The search was limited to the first 100 videos, and two independent reviewers screened for eligible entries and analyzed their educational value using validated scales, including a modified version of the DISCERN score (M-DISCERN), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMAS) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Evaluation of video popularity was also assessed with the video power index (VPI). Results Of 356 retrieved videos, 75 (21%) were considered eligible. The educational quality of videos was highly variable, and the mean global scores for the M-DISCERN, JAMAS, and GQS for our sample were consistent with medium to low quality. Conclusions A limited number of videos on YouTube for microsurgical education have high-educational quality. The majority scored low on the utilized criteria. Peer-reviewed resources seem to be a more reliable resource. Although the potential of YouTube should not be disregarded, videos should be carefully appraised before being usedas an educational resource.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 1997

Purpose : Dong-Mu(東武) Lee Je-Ma(李濟馬) was designated as a member of fifty persons 'The Wise Ancestors of Korean Culture and Art' in 1984 and the december of 1996 was appointed as 'The Month of Lee Je-Ma'. Though his achivements was valued like this, some historian criticized that he suppressed the righteous army. So this study was for clarifing the background, the motive, and the course of 'The Rising of Choi Moon-Hwan' occurred in Hamhung on february in 1896, and for the correct appraisement about this event. And also through this, author tried to make clear the origin of Lee Je-Ma's thought. Method : After studing the background of the end of Chosun dynasty and the righteous army in 1895(乙未義兵). Author made a comparative study through the historical materials of the goverment side, the Choi Moon-Hwan side, and the Lee Je-Ma side about 'The Rising of Choi Moon-Hwan' occurred in Hamhung on februrary in 1896. Results & Conclusion : The event occurred in Hamhung on february in 1896 was a part of rebellion of the righteous army in 1895 which had risen against The startling Occurrence of 1895'(乙未義兵) and 'The Royal Commands To Cut Off People's Hair'(斷髮令). Lee Je-Ma suppressed the Rising and put Choi Moon-Hwan in the prison, and which was criticized that he suppressed the righteous army later day. That time was a conflict period between conservatism and civilization, and the Lee Je-Ma's act was the best way to protect the security of residents from the attack which maybe occurred by Japanese army in Wonsan. Judging from this events, author could find Lee Je-Ma's thought was quite different from righteous army's neo-confucianism and conservatism. In the aspect of the history of 'Korean National Movement', further study about Choi Moon-Hwan, the chief of righteous army will be need.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.117-153
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• 2013

Objective : Two famous medical doctors, Yoo Itae(以泰, 爾泰) and Riu Euitae(義泰), have been well known in academic world and public in Sancheong-gun. Yoo Itae is the progenitor of Majinhak which is the therapy for measles, he wrote a "Majinpyun" as the first book of therapy for measles in Chosun. Riu Euitae, meanwhile, is a fictional medical doctor and a teacher of Heo Jun who became real without confirmation of historical truths by Roh Jeongwoo who heard about a name, Yoo Itae. Roh's assertion was quoted in the report of literatures, papers, novel, and telecast without verification. His assertion is exposed in novel and media and it has seriously distorted the history. The purpose of this study is to rectify the historical distortion. Methods : Various references study was performed. Confirmed a family tree, birth and death year, birthplace, sepulture, words on a tombstone, writing, collections of works anthology and the existence of keepsake. Investigated records of royal family, Sancheong-gun papers, Sancheong Hyanggyo papers, Dongyuhagan, Chosun Hanryuseungram and the record of Sawoo Munjip(anthology). Analyzed Roh Jungwoo's conversation that tells Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun and contents of an encyclopedia. Listened to testimony of descendants and assertions of historian in rural area. Verified voice recording on books taken from at birthplace and the space of activity. Results : Yoo Itae is well shown in various records and medical writing books, whereas Riu Euitae does not. Riu Euitae is not a real person in the history. Roh Jeongwoo who asserts Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun admits his mistake. But, the encyclopedia record describing Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun, government official at Sancheong district office, historians in rural area, historians in rural area who made a family shrine, gravestone, a statue, memorial, historic site of Riu Euitae on Jinju Rui could not suggest any evidences for the existence of Riu Euitae and for record Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun. Conclusion : Riu Euitae is neither a real person in the history nor a teacher of Heo Jun. Riu Euitae came from pronunciation confusion between 'I' and 'Eui' in Kyungsang province. Riu Euitae is Yoo Itae on Geochang Yoo who was a medical doctor of King, Sukjeong and wrote medical books including , , .

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.377-381
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• 2005

We tried to extract bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) from the freeze-dried bovine cortical bone (FBCB) for bone graft, which were defatted with chloroform-methanol for 20 days, freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and sterilized by ethylene oxide gas. Two kg of FBCB were pulverized in a wheel mill to $0.5-2.0mm^3$ cubic in size. The bone particles were demineralized in 0.6N HCI for 10 days at chloroform-methanol$4^{\circ}C$ and defatted with chloroform-methanol for 6 hours at room temperature, which was going to be defatting and demineralized cortical bone (DDM). For extracting BMP, DDM was agitated continuously through 72 hours with magnetic stirrer at $4^{\circ}C$ into 12 times of volume of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) solution containing proteinase inhibitors to protect BMP such as 2mM N-ethylaleimide, 1mM iodoacetic acid, 1mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and a sterilizer, 1mM sodium azide. The extraction procedure was repeated for three times. All extracted solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 min and then, the supernatant was dialyzed with 12 times of volume of deionized water at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24-72 hours, which cut off below 6,000-8,000 molecular weight. The dialyzed specimen contained crude-BMP was centrifuged, freeze-dried, and weighted. Through these processing, we could obtained $84.9\%$ as FBCB, $17.8\%$ as DDM and $0.71\%$ as crude-BMP from the wet cortical bone without cancellous bone, marrow and muscles. The crude-BMP were obtained $68.3\%$ from the first extraction, $29.6\%$ from secondary and $2.1\%$ from tertiary, respectively. It was suggested that high yield of crude-BMP migth be explained by three-time repetition of the extraction processing for crude-BMP with Gdn-Hcl sol.