• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.277-279
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• 2022

Rapid Development and adoption of AIS as a survailance tool has resulted in widespread application of data analysis technology, in addition to AIS ship trajectory clustering. AIS data-based clustering has become an increasingly popular method for marine traffic pattern recognition, ship route prediction and anomaly detection in recent year. In this paper we propose a route waypoint extraction by clustering ships CoG variance trajectory using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm in both port approach channel and coastal waters. The algorithm discovers route waypoint effectively. The result of the study could be used in traffic route extraction, and more-so develop a maritime anomaly detection tool.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2015

With the advances of the big-data process technology, acquiring the real-time information from the massive image data taken by a mobile device inside a vehicle will be possible in the near future. Among the information that can be found around the vehicle, the route information is needed for safe driving. In this study, the automatic extraction of route information from the road sign imagery was dealt with. The scope of the route information in this study included the route number, route type, and their relationship with the driving direction. For the recognition of the route number, the modified Tesseract OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine was used after extracting the rectangular-road-sign area with the Freeman chain code tracing algorithm. The route types (expressway, highway, rural highway, and municipal road) are recognized using the proposed algorithms, which are acquired from colour space analysis. Those road signs provide information about the route number as well as the roads that may be encountered along the way. In this study, such information was called “OTW (on the way)” or “TTW (to the way)” which between the two should be indicated is determined using direction information. Finally, the route number is matched with the direction information. Experiments are carried out with the road sign imagery taken inside a car. As a result, route numbers, route number type, OTW or TTW are successfully recognized, however some errors occurred in the process of matching TTW number with the direction.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2022

WSN is the major component for information transfer in IoT environments. Source Location Privacy (SLP) has attracted attention in WSN environments. Effective SLP can avoid adversaries to backtrack and capture source nodes. This work presents a Two-Level Randomized Sector-based Routing (TLRSR) model to ensure SLP in wireless environments. Sector creation is the initial process, where the nodes in the network are grouped into defined sectors. The first level routing process identifies sector-based route to the destination node, which is performed by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The second level performs route extraction, which identifies the actual nodes for transmission. The route extraction is randomized and is performed using Simulated Annealing. This process is distributed between the nodes, hence ensures even charge depletion across the network. Randomized node selection process ensures SLP and also avoids depletion of certain specific nodes, resulting in increased network lifetime. Experiments and comparisons indicate faster route detection and optimal paths by the TLRSR model.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

Estimation of the taxi-out and taxi-in times of aircraft on a airport surface is one of the essential features of Departure Manager (DMAN). Especially for an airport with multiple runways and large ramp areas, estimation of the taxi-out and taxi-in times are mainly dependent on the taxi routes on airport surface. This paper described the method of automatic extraction of the the taxi routes using the ASDE track data and the Dijkstra algorithm based on the node-link model of a airport surface movements. In addition, we analyzed the ground operation status of Incheon International Airport using the extracted taxi routes.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2003

II부에서는 I부에서 3가지 기계제연방식 중에서 가장제연성능이 우수한 것으로 나타난 배기방식의 풍량 0.6∼2.4 ㎥/s와 두 화재크기 200 ㎾와 2 ㎿에 대한 공간내 온도와 연기입자의 분포를 조사하였다. I 부와 동일한 수치법을 동일한 계산영역에 적용한 결과, 배기풍량은 제연성능에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 두 화재크기에서 풍량의 증가가 제연성능을 개선하는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 주어진 조건에서 대피로의 온도를 $60^{\circ}C$ 이하로 유지하기 위해서는 2.4 ㎥/s 이상의 배기풍량이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 1995

Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, was given intravenously (iv), orally (po), intraperitoneally (ip), hepatoportalvenously (pv), and intrarectally (ir) to rats at a dose of 72mg/kg in order to investigate the bioavailability of the drug, The extent of bioavailabilities of omeprazole administered through pv, ip, po, and ir routes were 88.5, 79.4, 40,8, and 38.7%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis in this study and literatures (Regardh et al., 1985 : Watanabe et al., 1994) implied significant dose-dependency in hepatic first-pass metabolism, clearance and distribution, and acidic degradation in gastric fluid. The high bioavailability from the pv administration (88.5%) means that only 11.5% of dose was extracted by the first-pass metabolism through the liver at this dose (72 mg/kg). The low bioavailability from the oral administration (40.8%) in spite of minor hepatic first-pass extraction indicates low transport of the drug from GI lumen to portal vein. From the literature (Pilbrant and Cederberg, 1985), acidic degradation in gastric fluid was considered to be the major cause of the low transport. Thus, enteric coating of oral preparations would enhance the oral bioavailability substantially. The bioavailability of the drug from the rectal route, in which acidic degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism may not occur, was low (38.7%) but comparable to that from the oral route (40.8 %) indicating poor transport across the rectal membrane. In this case, addition of an appropriate absorption enhancer would improve the bioavailability. Rectal route seems to be an possible alternative to the conventional oral route for omeprazole administration.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1996

The shortest path algorithm for route guidance is implicitly required not only to support geometrical variations of transportation network such as U-TURN or P-TURN but to efficiency search reasonable routes in searching mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to integrate such two requirements ; that is, to allow U-TURN and P-TURN possibilities and to cut down searching time in locating routes between two points (origin and destination) in networks. We also propose a new type of link searching algorithm which can solve the limitation of vine building algorithm at consecutively left-turn prohibited intersections. The test site is a block of Gangnam road network that has some left-turn prohibited and allowed U-TURN intersections. Four models have been identified to be comparatively analyzed in terms of searching efficiency. The Models are as follows : (i) Model 1 - Link Searching Dijkstra Algorithm without Searching Area Extraction (SAE) ; (ii) Model 2 - Link Searching Dijkstra Algorithm with SAE ; (iii) Model 3 - Link Searching Bidirectional Dijkstra Algorithm without SAE ; and (iv) Model 4 - Link Searching Bidirectional Dijkstra Algorithm with SAE. The results of comparative evaluation show that Model 4 can effectively find optimum path faster than any other models as expected. Some discussions and future research agenda have been presented in the light of dynamic route guidance application of the urban ATIS.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.260-267
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• 1985

A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was developed to measure tranylcypromine in rat urine. The method involves extraction of the drug and the internal standard, phenylpropylamine from the urine using ethyl acetate and back extraction into 0.5N $H_{2}SO_{4}$. Following final extraction using dichloromethane, both the drug and the internal standard were converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives and analyzed using a column of 3% SE-30 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb W(HP). A calibration curve was constructed in the range of $5~50{\mu}g$tranylcypromine sulfate in 0.5ml urine and found to be linear. The detection limit was $2{\mu}g$. The tranylcypromine could be analyzed with the percent recovery of $100.81{\pm}8.13$ (SD) ina concentration range of $8-40{\mu}g$ in 0.5ml urine. When 0.4mmol/kg dose of the drug was administered through, an oral route, excretion percent of tranylcypromine in rat urine over 36hr was found to be $11.90{\pm}6.04$ (SD) for tranyleypromine sulfate and $2.23{\pm}0.63$ (SD) for benzyl trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbamate.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

A ship's sailing route or plan is determined by the master as the decision maker of the vessel, and depends on the characteristics of the navigational environment and the conditions of the ship. The trajectory, which appears as a result of the ship's navigation, is monitored and stored by a Vessel Traffic Service center, and is used for an analysis of the ship's navigational pattern and risk assessment within a particular area. However, such an analysis is performed in the same manner, despite the different navigational environments between coastal areas and the harbor limits. The navigational environment within the harbor limits changes rapidly owing to construction of the port facilities, dredging operations, and so on. In this study, a support vector machine was used for processing and modeling the trajectory data. A K-fold cross-validation and a grid search were used for selecting the optimal parameters. A complicated traffic route similar to the circumstances of the harbor limits was constructed for a validation of the model. A group of vessels was composed, each vessel of which was given various speed and course changes along a specified route. As a result of the machine learning, the optimal route and voyage data model were obtained. Finally, the model was presented to Vessel Traffic Service operators to detect any anomalous vessel behaviors. Using the proposed data modeling method, we intend to support the decision-making of Vessel Traffic Service operators in terms of navigational patterns and their characteristics.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

지리정보체계(GIS)의 자료처리 설계는 분석절차와 더불어 효율적인 방법이 요구되는 과정이다. 본 연구는 3계층 기반의 객체지향기법을 적용한 도형 사용자 접속 환경의 원도우용 체계로서 조건에 따른 도로의 노선선정을 제시할 수 있도록 사용과 유지관리를 손쉽게 하였다. 자료계층은 지오미디어와 응용계층과의 상호 자료 교환, 추출 및 보존을 위한 클래스를 담당하였다. 응용계층에는 시ㆍ종점간의 노선선정에 필요한 제반조건을 고려하여 노선선정 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, 자료 운용, 도로조건, 영향권, 클로소이드 및 계층분석과정 등을 모듈식으로 추가하여 새로운 조건별에 따라 비교노선을 선정할 수 있도록 하였다. 사용자 계층에는 응용계층에 취득된 자료들을 표현할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 3계층 기반구조를 이용하여 GIS의 자료 처리의 설계구현에 그 효율성을 제시할 수 있었다.