• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

구 조선총독부 청사의 기초 말뚝으로 사용된 원주는 1916년 건물 기초를 다지기 위해 사용되었던 것으로 1996년 청사의 철거와 함께 건축 당시 사용되었던 만여 개 중 백여 개가 발굴되었다. 이 말뚝은 문서 및 수종 식별결과 잎갈나무(Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger)로 확인되었으며 현재 남한에서는 축적량이 매우 적은 수종으로 청사 건립 당시 백두산 압록강변에서 벌채한 것으로 기록되어 있다. 발굴된 잎갈나무 말뚝에 대해서 만재율 분포와 강도 특성을 알아보기 위해 주사(scanning)에 의한 횡방향 만재율 분포와 압축, 전단, 휨, 인장 시험을 행하여 그 강도 성능을 검토하였다. 만재율은 수로부터 수피 방향으로 연륜의 증가에 따라 증가하다가 약 25연륜 이후에는 40% 정도로 안정적인 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 현미경에 의한 관찰에서는 심재부, 심변재 경계부, 변재부로 수령이 증가되면서 만재율은 감소하였다. 종압축강도는 높게 나타났으나 휨강도는 오히려 다소 낮게 나타나 고부재의 경우처럼 열화, 손상 등에 의한 강도적 감소는 압축형 시험보다 인장형 시험에서 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 전단강도와 인장강도에 있어서는 접선단면 시험편의 변이계수가 높게 나타나 안정적인 강도 성능 비교를 위해서는 방사단면 시험편에 의한 강도 값이 채택되어야 할 것으로 검토되었다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

This study, a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. conducted a survey on 30 patients test group and control group of IS patients sampling an adjacent population at random - who are operated on the breast cancer and are in the A University Hospital located in Suwon, to examine into the effects of foot reflex zone massage on their pain and sleep satisfaction through the nursing interventions. It gave them a foot reflex zone massage for the total 30 minutes-basic massage 10 minutes and reflex massage 20 minutes required to alleviate their pain day in day out covering a two-month period from the first of July to the first of September 2004. for the purpose of collecting data. It launched into a two-round foot reflex zone massage at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomy through a direct visit at the hospital room to measure pain intensity, physiological index(pulse and blood pressure) and sleep satisfaction of them. The results are as follows. First, it showed that there is all the difference between pain intensity of test group and that of control group. In result, the first hypothesis, pain of test group. which measure at 6(p=.000) and 24 hours(p=.001) since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Second, it showed that there is all the difference between physiological index of test group and that of control group. In result. the second hypothesis, pulse(p= .025, p= .002), systolic blood pressure(p= .004, p=.012) and diastolic blood pressure(p=.004. p= .003) of test group, which investigate at 6 and 24 hours since mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. Third, it showed that there is a significant difference between sleep satisfaction of test group and that of control group(p=.000). In result, the fourth hypothesis, sleep satisfaction of test group. which examine in the morning after mastectomies, will be bigger than that of control group, was established. In the result. a foot reflex zone massage is seen to be effective in the pain reduction and sleep promotion of patients who are operated on breast cancer, and in providing them with more qualitative care by improving confidence between them and nurses through a physical touch. Also, it can be applied to a clinical examination through an independent nursing intervention.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.11-14
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• 2007

Noise level and Airflow amount of a kitchen hood are affected by the conditions of airflow path. Thus this study is expected to be used as a basic reference in designing airflow path of apartment housing throughout analysing changes in noise level and airflow amount from the various conditions of airflow path. Noise level generated by the kitchen hood is estimated in a kitchen and a living room of two constructed apartment houses, and an experiment is conducted in an half anechoic chamber to analyze noise level and airflow amount by the different length, diameter and number of windings of a round shaped soft duct which is connected to the kitchen hood. The measured results in apartment houses show that the noise level in both apartments exceeds the NC standard greatly in living spaces. In apartment A, a regular apartment house, the noise level was $NC-65{\sim}75$, $NC-45{\sim}60$ and NC-70, NC-45 in the kitchen and living room with an operation of kitchen hood in 1 and 3 stages. In apartment B, an apartment complex, the noise level was NC-55 and NC-60 in the kitchen and living room with an operation of kitchen hood in 3 stages. In particular, there was an increase of noise level at 125Hz-band resulted from an amplification of sound, which requires adequate measures in noise reduction. The results measured in Half anechoic chamber show 99% of airflow amount increase with the modification of a duct' s diameter from ${\Phi}$ 100mm to ${\Phi}$ 125mm, 37% of airflow amount increase with the modification of a duct' s diameter from ${\Phi}$ 125mm to ${\Phi}$ 150mm, and 173% of airflow amount increase with the modification of a duct' s diameter from ${\Phi}$ l00mm to ${\Phi}$ 150mm. The noise level was lower than the level measured in apartment housing about 20 in NC-value and 11.4 in dB(A)-value, which was interpreted as the effect of the load by the pressure condition at the rear end of the duct. Also, an amplification of sound in 125Hz-band influenced NC-value considerably, therefore effective measure is needed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2019

Green $BaSi_2O_2N_2:0.02Eu^{2+}$ phosphor is synthesized through a two-step solid state reaction method. The first firing is for crystallization, and the second firing is for reduction of $Eu^{3+}$ into $Eu^{2+}$ and growth of crystal grains. By thermal analysis, the three-time endothermic reaction is confirmed: pyrolysis reaction of $BaCO_3$ at $900^{\circ}C$ and phase transitions at $1,300^{\circ}C$ and $1,400^{\circ}C$. By structural analysis, it is confirmed that single phase [$BaSi_2O_2N_2$] is obtained with Cmcm space group of orthorhombic structure. After the first firing the morphology is rod-like type and, after the second firing, the morphology becomes round. Our phosphor shows a green emission with a peak position of 495 nm and a peak width of 32 nm due to the $4f^65d^1{\rightarrow}4f^7$ transition of $Eu^{2+}$ ion. An LED package (chip size $5.6{\times}3.0mm$) is fabricated with a mixture of our green $BaSi_2O_2N_2$, and yellow $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ and red $Sr_2Si_5N_8$ phosphors. The color rendering index (90) is higher than that of the mixture without our green phosphor (82), which indicates that this is an excellent green candidate for white LEDs with a deluxe color rendering index.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

마사지 치료는 1회 치료만으로 통증을 경감시키고 스트레스를 이완시킵니다. 그러나 아직까지 1회 마사지 치료의 효과에 대한 객관적인 데이터를 확인한 연구가 없었습니다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 마사지 치료와 동일한 효과가 있는 것으로 보고된 척추 마사지 기구로 1회 치료를 실시하여 통증 경감과 스트레스 이완의 효과의 증거를 확인하고자 하였습니다. 10년 전부터 시각적상사척도 4점의 요통이 있었던 45세 남자 환자 1인을 대상으로 척추 마사지 기구를 실시한 1차 실험과 침상안정을 실시한 2차 실험을 실시하였습니다. 시각적상사척도 측정과 실시간으로 심박 변이도를 측정하여 자율신경계를 확인하였고 총 5회 혈액검사를 실시하여 스트레스 관련 혈액검사(코르티솔, 에피네프린, 노르에피네프린)를 실시하였습니다. 침상안정을 취한 2차 실험에 비해 척추 마사지 기구로 1회 치료를 받은 1차 실험에서 유의미한 통증 감소효과를 보였습니다. 또한 1차 실험에서 자율신경계 활성도 및 부교감 신경계의 활성도가 증가되어 있었으며 혈중 에피네프린과 노르에피네프린이 감소되어 있었습니다. 이것은 기존의 마사지 치료 효과와 동일한 결과이며 1회 척추 마사지 기구를 통해 얻어지는 효과의 증거라 사료됩니다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 석류 유래 나노베지클이 유방암 세포인 MDA-MB-231 세포에 항 혈관 신생효과와 세포 증식을 억제하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 석류 주스로부터 분리한 석류 유래 나노베지클(PNVs)이 평균 직경이 162 nm의 이중막 구조인 나노베지클을 검증하였다. MDA-MB-231 세포에 석류 유래 나노베지클의 내재화를 확인하였다. 석류 유래 나노베지클이 MDA-MB-231 세포에 농도 의존적으로 세포 증식률을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 석류 유래 나노베지클이 MDA-MB-231 세포에 침윤 및 전이를 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 세포 발현 단백질을 증가시키고 MMP-2, MMP-9 단백질의 발현을 감소시키는 것을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 석류 유래 나노베지클이 인간 유방암 세포인 MDA-MB-231 세포의 세포 침윤 및 전이를 억제하고 세포사멸을 시켜 항암효과가 있음을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 석류 유래 나노베지클이 유방암 예방 및 치료에 이용 가능함으로 시사된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.191-207
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• 2021

오늘날 이동통신은 급증하는 데이터 수요에 대응하기 위해서 주로 속도 향상에 초점을 맞추어 발전해 왔다. 그리고 5G 시대가 시작되면서 IoT, V2X, 로봇, 인공지능, 증강 가상현실, 스마트시티 등을 비롯하여 다양한 서비스를 고객들에게 제공하기위한 노력들이 진행되고 있고 이는 우리의 삶의 터전과 산업 전반에 대한 환경을 바꿀 것으로 예상되고 되고 있다. 이러한 서비스를 제공하기위해서 고속 데이터 속도 외에도, 실시간 서비스를 위한 지연 감소 그리고 신뢰도 등이 매우 중요한데 5G에서는 최대 속도 20Gbps, 지연 1ms, 연결 기기 106/㎢를 제공함으로써 서비스 제공할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다. 하지만 5G는 고주파 대역인 3.5Ghz, 28Ghz의 높은 주파수를 사용함으로써 높은 직진성의 빠른 속도를 제공할 수 있으나, 짧은 파장을 가지고 있어 도달할 수 있는 거리가 짧고, 회절 각도가 작아서 건물 등을 투과하지 못해 실내 이용에서 제약이 따른다. 따라서 기존의 통신망으로 이러한 제약을 벗어나기가 어렵고, 기반 구조인 중앙 집중식 SDN 또한 많은 노드와의 통신으로 인해 처리 능력에 과도한 부하가 발생하기 때문에 지연에 민감한 서비스 제공에 어려움이 있다. 그래서 자율 주행 중 긴급 상황이 발생할 경우 사용 가능한 지연 관련 트리 구조의 제어 기능이 필요하다. 이러한 시나리오에서 차량 내 정보를 처리하는 네트워크 아키텍처는 지연의 주요 변수이다. 일반적인 중앙 집중 구조의 SDN에서는 원하는 지연 수준을 충족하기가 어렵기 때문에 정보 처리를 위한 SDN의 최적 크기에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 그러므로 SDN이 일정 규모로 분리하여 새로운 형태의 망을 구성 해야하며 이러한 새로운 형태의 망 구조는 동적으로 변하는 트래픽에 효율적으로 대응하고 높은 품질의 유연성 있는 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 SDN 구조 망에서 정보의 변경 주기, RTD(Round Trip Delay), SDN의 데이터 처리 시간은 지연과 매우 밀접한 상관관계를 가진다. 이 중 RDT는 속도는 충분하고 지연은 1ms 이하이기에 유의미한 영향을 주는 요인은 아니지만 정보 변경 주기와 SDN의 데이터 처리 시간은 지연에 크게 영향을 주는 요인이다. 특히, 5G의 다양한 응용분야 중에서 지연과 신뢰도가 가장 중요한 분야인 지능형 교통 시스템과 연계된 자율주행 환경의 응급상황에서는 정보 전송은 매우 짧은 시간 안에 전송 및 처리돼야 하는 상황이기때문에 지연이라는 요인이 매우 민감하게 작용하는 조건의 대표적인 사례라고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 자율 주행 시 응급상황에서 SDN 아키텍처를 연구하고, 정보 흐름(셀 반경, 차량의 속도 및 SDN의 데이터 처리 시간의 변화)에 따라 차량이 관련정보를 요청해야 할 셀 계층과의 상관관계에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석을 진행하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 1994

고형(固形) 축산폐기물(畜産廢棄物)에 의한 농업환경(農業環境) 오염(汚染)을 줄이고 폐기물(廢棄物) 중에 함유된 식물(植物)에 유용한 양분물질(養分物質)의 효율적(效率的)인 재활용(再活用)을 위하여 중(中), 소규모(小規模) 양돈농가에서 비닐하우스 돈분(豚糞)건조발효 복합시설을 개발(開發)하여 적용 가능성과 효율을 구명하고자 농가 실증시험(實證試驗)을 수행하였다. 건조상(乾燥床)은 원형(圓形) 콘크리트 바닥형태를 적용하였고 돈분(豚糞)의 교반(攪拌)은 기계식(機械式) 교반기(攪拌機)를 이용하였으며 건조상(乾燥床)에서 수분이 감소된 돈분(豚糞)의 발효(醱酵)를 위하여 2조(組) 1식(式)의 송풍식(送風式) 발효상(醱酵床)으로 구성된 건조(乾燥), 발효시설(醱酵施設)에서 시험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 기온(氣溫)이 높은 계절에는 기계식(機械式) 교반기(攪拌機)를 이용한 건조상(乾燥床)에서 최초투입(最初投入)되는 돈분(豚糞)의 수분함량이 70-80%였던 것이 건조상(乾燥床)을 통과하여 발효상(醱酵床)에 투입되는 단계에서의 분분(糞糞) 수분함양(水分含量)은 발효(醱酵)에 적합한 45-65%에 달하였으나 기온(氣溫)이 낮아질수록 건조상(乾燥床)에서의 교반(攪拌)에 의한 수분제거률(水分除去率)이 감소되었다. 돈분건조시(豚糞乾燥時) 수분조절제(水分調節劑)로 이미 건조(乾燥)된 돈분(豚糞)을 부재료(副材料)로 사용하였을 때 수분감소률(水分減少率)은 52.1%로 생돈분(生豚糞)만을 건조(乾燥)하였을 때에 수분감소율(水分減少率) 19.7%에 비하여 수분제거(水分除去) 효과(效果)는 32.4% 증가(增加)한 결과(結果)를 보였다. 생돈분(生豚糞)과 건조돈분(乾燥豚糞) 간의 건조기간(乾燥期間) 경과(經過)에 따른 돈분(豚糞) 중 화학성분(化學成分) 함량간(含量間)에는 큰 차이가 없이 유사(類似)한 경향을 보였으며 $P_2O_5$ 함양(含量)은 생돈분(生豚糞)에 비하여 건조돈분(乾燥豚糞)에서 경미(輕微)하게 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 생돈분(生豚糞)과 건조돈분(乾燥豚糞) 중 무기성분(無機成分) 함량(含量)도 큰 차이가 없었으며 성분별(成分別)로 볼때 CaO가 가장 높았고 다음이 $K_2O$, MgO, $Na_2O$였다. 돈분(豚糞)을 건조(乾燥)함에 따른 미생물(微生物) 밀도(密度)는 생돈분(生豚糞)에 비하여 건조돈분(乾燥豚糞)에서 E. coli 141.9배(倍) 그리고 Streptococci는 236.2배(倍)가 감소(減少)하였다. 돈분(豚糞) 건조(乾燥), 발효복합시설(醱酵複合施設)의 총비용(總費用)은 4,185,630원이었으며 본(本) 건조시설운용비(乾燥施設運用費)는 190,000원/년으(年)로 두당(頭當) 건조시설(乾燥施設) 관리 소요경비(所要經費)는 985원(200두(頭) 기준(基準))였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-179
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• 1991

Korean agriculture has encountered two problems. One is internal income disparity between rural and urbarn area and the other is external Uruguay Round trade problems as an abolition of direct and indirect import barriers, reduction in export subsidies and to reduce internal price supports. These problems will be brought severe farm problems such as decreasing farm household income and repressing agricultural growth in the near future. Considering the above inevitable facts Korean government has implemented several development projects such as rural industrial area development project, rural special production area development project, leisuresight seeing farm development project, traditional food development project, unskilled labor training project for off-farm employment and so on, to increase farm household income through off-farm income increase. This study was mainly concentrated on the identification of operational problems and post evaluation of the rural special production area development projects which aimed at increasing non-farm incomes and giving employment opportunity for rural farmers in small factories processing regional special farm products and mine products. The main findings and problems to be solved for the successful project implementation are as followed ; 1. Total number of the special production area development projects as of the end of 1991 was amount to 138, and total number of farm household participated were estimated at 2,079, and total amount of off-farm income per farm household was reached to 3,011 thousand won. 2. The total number of processed special products have increased from 21 items in 1981 to 56 items in 1991. On the other hand the total number of farm household participated in the projects have decreased from 2,518 to 2,079 during same period. 3. Total amount of investment for the projects has increased from 1,429 million won in 1981 to 24,760 million won in 1991 but the rate of G'T loan of the total investment has reduced from 24.5% to 5.2% during same period. 4. 138 special production area development project are classified into 6 kinds of commodity groups such as 19 of general industrial good production areas, 52 of folks-industrial art objects production areas, 39 of food processing areas, 9 of fiber and texstile processing areas, 18 of agricultural and fishery inputs processing areas and 1 of stone processing area. 5. The total production value in 1990 was estimated 20,169 million won of which export was amount to 2,627 million won. 6. The finacial rate of return of the UNGOK KUGIJA Tea processing Project operated by UNGOK coops and BAKSAN ginseng tea processing project were estimated at 45.4% (B/C Ratio=1.17, NPV=152.5 million won) and 17.7% (B/C Ratio=1.12, NPV=120.2 million won) respectively. 7. More favorite terms and condition of the loan including collateral problems have to be given to farmers participated. Heavy investment and G'T subsidy policies should be started for the successful project implementation anf farm household income increase. 8. To expand market demand of the rural special goods G'T have to provide special program of TV or other mass media for commodity propaganda and the total cost concerned must be supported by G'T subsidy. 9. The special farm products as GUGUJA,MOSI'Ramie', Ginseng. SOGOKJU,HEMP,Mushroom.DUGYUNJU and Chesnut processing projects have to be propelled and expanded for off-farm income increase in Chung Nam Province. 10. Direct operational pattern of the special production area by coops is more favorable to farmers and recommendable considering with off-farm income increase and market demand creation throughout Korea. 11. In rural area, special organizations for project appraisal are not exist. Accordingly special training program, project appraisal, formulation and preparation for civil servants concerned have to be prepared for project selection and sound implementation under limited budget and financial support.