• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibilities of Korean fermented sauces including red pepper paste, soybean paste, soy sauce, and vinegar as ingredients for Western cuisine. Western cuisine professionals from US and Europe were interviewed for their experienced opinions. To classify the categories, the selected statements were given to other groups of foreign chefs, Korean cuisine professionals and students majoring culinary arts. The first category pointed out that Korean fermented sauces are healthy with 'umami' taste using only natural ingredients. They believe it has high possibilities of matching with many of other foods and also has unique tastes. Korean cuisine professionals were mostly occupied in this category. The second category had negative opinions matching with Western cuisines since Korean fermented sauces are rough and have a strong taste & smell. This category had many Western cuisine professionals. The last category was composed of mainly students majoring in culinary arts. They pointed out that Korean fermented sauces use natural ingredients and have a unique flavor with long-term shelf life. Use of Q methodology was significantly different from previous studies researched by quantitative methods especially for the Korea food service industry.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2000

This study was designed to compare the effect of polishing on surface roughness of composite resin. We used Z100(3M) composite resin and placed the composite resin in the hole (4mm thick and 4mm in diameter) of vinyl plate and polymerized it under manufacturer's instructions. Samples were divided into 5 groups by polishing methods. Group 1 was control: resin was polymerized under glass plate, Group 2: resin was polymerized without any polishing procedure, Group 3: resin was polymerized with a polishing procedure of abrasive disc, Group 4: bonding agent was applyed in thin layer and polymerized on the polished polymerized resin surface. Group 5: resin was polymerized under transparent celluloid strip. The surface roughness of each specimen was measured with Sufacoder SEF-30D (Kosaka lab. Ltd) under 0.08mm cut off, 0.05mm/s stylus speed, ${\times}40$ horizontal magnification, ${\times}5000$ vertical magnification. The results were as follows : 1. Group 1 showed the most smooth surface in this study. 2. Group 3 showed more rough surface than Group 2. Considering the surface roughness, it would be better to make the shape completely before polymerize the resin. To finish and polish after the polymerization of resin makes less smooth surface. 3. When we use the transparent celluloid strip, minimum finishing procedures are recommended. Any polishing procedure could not recover the smooth resin surface of celluloid strip. 4. Application and polymerization of the thin layer of bonding agent on the polished surface showed the minimum surface smoothing effect.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2005

Effects of water extract obtained from Chrysanthemum boreale M. (CE) on serum enzyme activities and Kupffer cells of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced rats were investigated. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal (N), $CCl_4$-induced (T), CE-supplemented (C), and $CCl_4$-induced and CE-supplemented (TC) groups. $CCl_4$ injection significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in serum. Significant increases in total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were also observed in $CCl_4$-induced rats. Oral administration of CE at 300 mg/kg body weight significantly decreased serum enzyme levels and suppressed $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity-induced lipid profile changes. Histological findings showed fatty change, fibrosis and increased number of Kupffer cells in T group. Electron microscopic examination showed increased lysosome content and dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum within Kupffer cells in T group, whereas CE supplement attenuated liver injury in $CCl_4$-induced liver. These results indicated CE could significantly alleviate CC4-induced hepatotoxicity injury.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2009

The cuticle of spider's exoskeleton is a hydrophobic and non-adhesive material, but the jumping spiders have the distinctive attachment apparatus for adhesion on smooth dry surface without sticky fluids. We have examined the whole tarsal appendages of the jumping spider, Plexippus setipes with using scanning electron microscope to reveal the fine structural characteristics of the dry adhesion system. All eight legs have the scopulae with a pair of claws on the tip of feet. Each scopula is composed of two groups of setae that are capable of dry adhesion on smooth surface, and the hook structure of the claw is advanced to move on the rough surface. The setae toward the bottom of the tarsal segment are densely covered by numerous setules on the underside which broadened from middle to distal portion. It has been revealed by this research that the contact area of the setule is always a triangular shape, and these cuticular surfaces are connected by the elongated stalks from the underlying setae. It is likely that the nano-scale structures including a triangular depression and a longitudinal groove on each setule could functionate when the spider detach its feet from the substrate.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.237-257
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• 2020

In this paper, we classify the mathematical terms in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary into four groups; ① group 1 consists of the terms which coincide with the mathematical terms in the 2015 Editing Material, ② group 2 consists of the terms which are synonyms or old terms or inflection forms of the mathematical terms in the Editing Material, ③ group 3 consists of the terms which do not belong to group 1 or group 2, but relate to the elementary or secondary school mathematics, ④ group 4 consists of the terms which do not relate to the elementary or secondary school mathematics. And then we make a comparative study with the mathematical terms in the Editing Material. In this study, we find out the mathematical terms in the Editing Material, but not in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary. And by using synonyms and old terms of the mathematical terms in the Editing Material we guess the rough tendency which terms belong to the Editing Material. By investigating the terms in group 3 and 4, we find out the mathematical terms which may belong to the Editing Material. We also find out the wrong or inconsistent explanations in Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su (B18) and Ki-mun (Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical observation. The following results were obstained : 1. At 6 hours, cell organelles induced by radix aconiti toxicity prominently destructed in control and aqua-acupuncture treatment groups. 2. At 12 hours, cell organelles, destruction was some similarities between control group and aqua-acupuncture treatment group. 3. At 24 hours, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex comparatively developed in aqua-acupuncture group treatment as compared with control group. 4. At 48 hours, cell organelles, destruction was recovered in aqua-acupuncture treatment group as compared with the control group and it was similiar normal findings. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1992

This research was undertaken to determine the effects of the cyclophosphamide (CP) on the epididymal corpus of the male rat in terms of ultrastructural alteration and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE at different groups; control group, 1 week group, 3 weeks group and 5 weeks group were treated with saline (control group) or CP at doses of 20mg/kg/week, 1 time a week, respectively. In the cytoplasm of the principal cells on the epididymal corpus, the mitochondria were significantly swollen or disrupted. The lumens of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were also dilated and the number of secretory vesicles and lysosomes were increased respectively. CP caused changes in protein concentrations in the corpus of epididymis after CP treatment. Total proteins of 31 to 36 species were expressed in the corpus fluid. Then the more CP was increased, the more concentration of proteins caused to decrease, synthesize or increase in epididymal corpus. In contrast to the control group, in particular 88KD and the other 8 proteins in the corpus fluid, were decreased or disappeared respectively, whereas acid phosphatase and the other 9 proteins in the corpus fluid, were increased or synthesized respectively. The other proteins are not showed distinctive difference. It is suggested that treatment with CP alters the specific cell organelles and proteins in segment of the epididymal corpus.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2001

Metallothionein (MT) is induced in the regenerating rat liver. We have investigated expression of MT gene by RT PCR as well as specific localization of MT by immunocytochemistry in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). MT mRNA level started to increase from 1 h and reached the peak at 8 h after PH. The level decreased gradually by 24 h, and became similar to that of control group. In the immunocytochemical study, in all groups treated with primary antibody, immunogold particles indicating the presence of MT were evenly distributed throughout both cytoplasm and nucleus of the rat hepatocytes. Within the nucleus, the gold particles appeared to be intensely localized in the areas of euchromatin and nucleolus. Within the cytoplasm, gold particles did not seem to adhere to mitochondria or Iysosomes, but were freely distributed. However, rough endoplasmic reticulum was the obvious compartment on which the gold particles were localized. Time course of MT immunoreactivity revealed that distribution of gold particles in hepatocytes increased gradually by 24 h, and decreased at 48 h after PH. Briefly, PH resulted in the sharpest increase in the expression of MT mRNA at 8 h and in the immunoreactivity of MT at 24 h, respectively. It is suggested that the increase of MT mRNA expression, the intensity of immunoreactivity and the specific localization of MT may be associated with the compensatory cell proliferation followed by PH.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relation between rinsing time and the change in enamel surface after fluoride application on the enamel surface. Methods: We recruited two sample groups with different mouth rinsing times. While one group rinsed the teeth immediately after applying acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, the other group rinsed the teeth 30 minutes after APF gel application. In each group, we performed the following four-step experiment: (i) apply APF gel on the teeth, (ii) rinse the teeth, (iii) immerse the teeth in orange juice, and (iv) measure enamel surface microhardness and scan enamel surfaces. Results: The group that rinsed 30 minutes after treatment exhibited greater microhardness than the group that rinsed immediately after fluoride treatment. The former also showed smooth and regular crystallization, whereas the latter showed rough and damaged crystallization and irregular surfaces. Conclusions: Based on these observations, we conclude that delaying the rinsing time improves the dental caries preventive effect of fluoride.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2022

Most of the drinking water dams managed by the local governments in Korea are earthfill dams, and these dams have almost no geotechnical property information necessary for seismic performance evaluation. Nevertheless, in the rough planning stage for improving seismic safety for these dams, it is necessary to classify their relative seismic hazard against earthquakes and conduct an additional ground investigation. The zero seismic failure probability curve is a curve suggested in this study in which the probability of failure due to an earthquake becomes '0' regardless of the geotechnical properties of the earthfill dam. By examining the method and procedure for calculating failure probability due to an earthquake suggested in previous researches, the zero seismic failure probability curves for an earthquake in 1,000-year and 2,400-year return periods in Korea were presented in the form of a hyperbola on the plane of the dam height versus freeboard ratio (ratio of freeboard to dam height), respectively. The distribution characteristics of the dam height and the freeboard ratio of 81 Korean earthfill dams were presented. The two proposed zero seismic failure probability curves are shown on the plane of the dam height versus freeboard ratio, and the relative seismic hazard of 81 dams can be classified into three groups using these curves as boundaries. This study presented the method of classifying the relative seismic hazard and the classification result.