• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.18-33
• /
• 2017

As the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain gradually increases, clinicians have more opportunities to encounter opioid prescription. However, guidelines for prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain have never been published in Korea. The present guidelines were prepared by reviewing various research data. In cases in which the data were insufficient, recommendations were presented following discussion among experts affiliated with the Opioids Research Group in the Korean Pain Society. The present guidelines may need to be continuously revised and amended as more clinical evidence is acquired.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.79-96
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this research was to analyze the clothing behavioral attributes of male music enthusiasts. A questionnaire was developed based on previous researches. Respondents were men who were concerned with music in terms of a job, a major or a hobby. A total of 200 responses were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 through factor analysis with Varimax rotation, ANOVA with post-hoc test(SNK-test) and ${\chi}^2$-test. Music preference was classified into 3 factors: New age/jazz, Hiphop/dance, and Metal rock/ballad factor. 5 Clothing purchasing orientation factors were extruded: hedonic, planned, convenience, brand pursued, and fashion pursued purchasing orientation. Using those factor scores, 3 groups were classified: Group1(G1), preferring Hiphop/dance music with lower hedonic and brand/fashion pursued purchasing orientation; G2, preferring Hiphop/dance music with no interest in clothing shopping and fashion; G3, preferring New age music with high convenience and brand pursued purchasing orientation. In addition, there were significant differences among groups in clothing behavior such as social ostentation, individuality, self-expression, fashionability, conformity; in purchase motivation such as hedonic and trend/designer oriented purchase motivation; in information source like advertisement/media source; and in store choice criteria such as store light/music and popularity. The findings showed even the enthusiasts for the same music showed the different sopping orientation and different clothing behavior, suggesting that a personal value or taste can be a plausible factor to figure out attributes of consumers. An interest/involvement in clothing could be helpful to subdivide the music enthusiasts as the target market.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 1979

ChIoroform과 chloroethanol 혼합용매속에서 Poly(cis-5-methylproIine)의 광회전을 측정하였다. 이 혼합용매속에 chloroethanol이 0.5∼10부피%일때 형태 A와 B사이에는 평형상태가 이루어졌다. 광회전을 이용하여 5, 25 및 45$^{circ}$C에서 평형정수를 측정하고 자유엔탈피, 엔탈피 및 엔트로피 변화를 계산하였다. 같은 몰수의 형태 A와 B에서 출발하면 chloroethanol이 3부피% 이상일때는 정방향 변광회전이 일어나고 이하일때는 역방향 회전이 일어났다. 엔탈피와 엔트로피 변화는 정방향 변광회전일때는 양수이고 역방향 변광회전일 때는 음수였다. 반응 추진역은 정방향 회전일때는 엔트로피의 증가이고 역방향 회전일때는 엔탈피의 감소였다. 측정된 열역학적 자료들은 폴리머와 용매사이의 상호작용 즉 용매중의 chloroethanol이 형태 B분자내의 카보닐기와 선택적으로 수소결합을 형성하며, 형태 A와 B의 헝태 에너지 차이에 있다는것을 설명한다

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제10권12호
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 근전도 바이오피드백 장비를 사용하여 움직임 조절운동을 수행할 때 엉덩관절 근육에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 유사실험설계 단일집단 검사전-검사후 설계이다. 건강한 성인 21명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 모든 대상자는 근전도 바이오피드백 장비를 사용하여 엉덩관절의 움직임 조절 운동을 총 20분간 수행하였다. 적은무릎 구부리기 검사 수행동안 엉덩관절의 근활성도 변화를 확인하기 위해 중간볼기근, 큰볼기근, 넙다리근막긴장근, 넙다리 곧은근의 활성도를 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과에서 중재 후 큰볼기근의 유의한 변화를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 근전도 바이오피드백 장비를 적용한 엉덩과절 움직임 조절운동이 엉덩관절의 안쪽돌림을 조절하고 엉덩관절 가쪽돌림근을 활성화시키는 효과적 중재방법임을 확인할 수 있었고, ICT 융합기술을 접목한 재활운동이 임상에서 효과적인 중재가 될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.82.2-82.2
• /
• 2017

Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) is one of powerful tools for investigating primordial objects in the inner solar system in that it covers a large area of the sky ($2{\times}2$ degree2) with a high observational cadence. The Deep Ecliptic Patrol of the Southern sky (DEEP-South) survey has been scanning the southern sky using KMTNet for non-bulge time (45 full nights per year) [1] since 2015 for examining color, albedo, rotation, and shape of the solar system bodies. Since 2017 January, we have launched a new collaborative group between Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and Seoul National University (SNU) with support from KASI to reinforce mutual collaboration among these institutes and further to enhance human resources development by utilizing the KMTNet/DEEP-South data. In particular, we focus on the detection of comets and asteroids spontaneously scanned in the DEEP-South for (1) investigating the secular changes in comet's activities and (2) analyzing precovery and recovery images of objects in the NASA's NEOWISE survey region. In this presentation, we will describe our scientific objectives and current status on using KMTNet data, which includes updating the accuracy of the world coordinate system (WCS) information, finding algorithm of solar system bodies in the image, and doing non-sidereal photometry.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제14권1_2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2011

Skeletal malocclusion is the result of abnormal dimension and alignment of each skeletal component. Understanding on these mechanisms may help to elucidate the etiology of skeletal malocclusion and to establish population-oriented treatment plans. Attempts to subdivide the Angle's classification have been performed for Class III malocclusion, while few studies have been conducted for Class II malocclusion despite recent growing interests in Class II malocclusion. 200 adults (88 male, 112 female) with skeletal Class II malocclusion were collected and subdivided using cluster analysis, using the measurements representing the dimension and the alignment of each facial skeletal component. The properties of each cluster was grouped within the subjects and a comparison between the subjects and the control group (38 male, 35 female) with normal occlusion was performed. Six clusters were finally recognized in each male and female groups. The clusters in both genders were mainly characterized by the cranial base alignment, dimension of the posterior cranial base, dimension of the mandibular ramus and the degree of mandibular rotation. The results implicate that active treatment of mandible rather than the nasomaxillary complex may be primarily considered for the correction of Korean Class II skeletal pattern.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2013

This paper presents a simulation for passenger ship evacuation considering the inclination of a ship. In order to describe a passenger's behavior in an evacuation situation, a passenger is modeled as a rigid body which translates in the horizontal plane and rotates along the vertical axis. The position and rotation angle of a passenger are calculated by solving the dynamic equations of motions at each time step. To calculate inclined angle of damaged ship, static equilibrium equations of damaged ship are derived using "added weight method". Using these equations, physical external forces due to the inclination of a ship act on the body of each passenger. The crowd behavior of the passenger is considered as the flock behavior, a form of collective behavior of a large number of interacting passengers with a common group objective. Passengers can also avoid an obstacle due to penalty forces acting on their body. With the passenger model and forces acting on its body, the test problems in International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Committee/Circulation 1238(IMO MSC/Circ.1238) are implemented and the effects of ship's inclination on the evacuation time are confirmed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.316-321
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE. The stress distribution and microgap formation on an implant abutment structure was evaluated to determine the relationship between the direction of the load and the stress value. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two types of three-dimensional models for the mandibular first molar were designed: bone-level implant and tissue-level implant. Each group consisted of an implant, surrounding bone, abutment, screw, and crown. Static finite element analysis was simulated through 200 N of occlusal load and preload at five different load directions: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°. The von Mises stress of the abutment and implant was evaluated. Microgap formation on the implant-abutment interface was also analyzed. RESULTS. The stress values in the implant were as follows: 525, 322, 561, 778, and 1150 MPa in a bone level implant, and 254, 182, 259, 364, and 436 MPa in a tissue level implant at a load direction of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°, respectively. For microgap formation between the implant and abutment interface, three to seven-micron gaps were observed in the bone level implant under a load at 45 and 60°. In contrast, a three-micron gap was observed in the tissue level implant under a load at only 60°. CONCLUSION. The mean stress of bone-level implant showed 2.2 times higher than that of tissue-level implant. When considering the loading point of occlusal surface and the direction of load, higher stress was noted when the vector was from the center of rotation in the implant prostheses.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2009

Objective : Recently, there is an increasing trend of attachment to physical appearance of individuals in many persons with spread of social concern through mass communication. Domestically, several studies has been performed, but they were limited to obesity mainly for juveniles or female college students. Therefore, purpose of this study were to standardize Body image dysmorphic disorder examination self report with male and female college students in Cheonnan area. Methods : This study were total 825 college students in Cheonan area. Subject group are consist of 393 males (47.6%) and 427 females (51.8%), and the mean age was $22.28{\pm}3.24$ years old. Results : The BDDE-SR had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.93) and test-retest (r=.82) and interator reliability. Four factors were extracted by factor analysis with the Varimax rotation. They were 'the camouflage and comparison factor', 'the self-consciousness and negative self-evaluation factor', 'the avoidance factor', and 'the distressing and embarassment factor'. The total score of BDDE-SR was $50.8{\pm}27.1$, female's score ($59.2{\pm}25.5$) was statistically higher than male's score ($41.85{\pm}25.84$). Conclusion : It is considered that BDDE-SR is reliable instrument for body image dissatisfaction, provided correct information in predicting clinical status of Body dysmorphic disorder that is most largely influenced by individual psychologic factor and family system.

• 복식
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2007

Somatotype is human body shape and physique type which can be classified not only by the size, but also by the shape or posture of the body. Postural variations in the alignment of the back, shoulder, and neck can have an adverse effect on the fit of garments designed to hang from the shoulders. There have been some previous studies about the lateral upper torso by analyzing photographic measurements. In this study, 3D body scan images were used to classify the side somatotype of upper lateral method even though they are major data in the classification of upper torso. This study focused on following objective.; 1) To apply new and developing technology into the apparel industry analyzing 3D body scan images. 2) To classify upper laterla torso using the data through the new improver technology, 3D body scanner. 3) To propose basic materials for well fitted garments for each type of figure. The test subjects for this study were two hundreds nine female aged 19 years and up who were recruited in Cornell university body scan research team. Seventeen Variables(12 angles, 5 lengths) out of 3D body scan data were measured based on these landmarks and applied to analyze. The result of factor analysis indicated that 6 factors were extracted through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax and those factors comprise 62.5% of total variance. And the somatotype of upper body is classified into 3 types of figures according to cluster analysis; Bent forward posture, Straight posture, Swayback posture. Future study could be addressed about the somatotype of body by the age group based on the large database with wide variety of age.