• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.532-537
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• 2014

Cortex Phellodendri (CP) is derived from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense. It has been widely used as a drug in traditional Korea medicine for treating diarrhea, jaundice, swelling pains in the knees and feet, urinary tract infections, and infections of the body surface. Many analytical methods have been used to study oriental herbal medicines, such as thin-layer chromatography, column liquid chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully carried out in order to separate pure compounds from a CP methanol extract. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5 v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 3 mL/min in ascending mode with rotation at 1,000 rpm. The CPC-separated fraction and purification procedures were carried out by preparatory HPLC. The $^1H$ NMR spectrum revealed that the resonances at ${\delta}$ 4.10 and 4.20 ppm corresponded to three protons ($-OCH_3$), whereas those at ${\delta}$ 6.10 ppm corresponded to two protons ($-OCH_2O-$). Further, two aromatic protons (H-11 and H-12) conveys a doublet-doublet pattern. The H-11 doublet and H-12 doublet appear at ${\delta}$ 7.98 and 8.11, respectively. The $^{13}C$ NMR. spectrum showed a tetrasubstituted with a methylenedioxy group at C2 and C3, and two methoxy groups at C9 and C10. The chemical structure of the berberine was identified by $^1H$, $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy spectral data analysis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between intentionally induced internal stress and cyclic fatigue failure of ProTaper Universal. ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer) S1, S2, F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 (25 mm length) were used in this study. To give the internal stress, the ProTaper Universal were put into the .02 taper Endo-Training-Bloc (Dentsply Maillefer) until auto-stop by torque controlled motor. The rotation speed was 300 rpm and torque value was 1.0 Ncm. ProTaper Universal were grouped by the induced number of internal stress and randomly distributed among one control group and three experimental groups (n=10). The four groups were Stress 0 (control), Stress 1, Stress 2 and Stress 3. These instruments were rotated until separation. For cyclic fatigue measurement, inclined plane was used and time for separation was recorded. It was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Duncan post-hoc test at 95% confidential level. In all ProTaper Universal, there was statistically significant decrease on time for separation in Stress 3. In F2 and F3, there were statistically significant difference between control group and all experimental groups. And in F4 and F5, Stress 2 and 3 groups showed significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance from Stress 0 group. In the limitation of this study, cyclic fatigue failure of ProTaper Universal is influenced by accumulated internal stress.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the differences between blindly and ultrasonography (US)-guided during multiple needling and dextrose injection technique for calcific tendinitis of shoulder. Materials and Methods: We chose 36 symptomatic calcific tendinitis patients, whose age ranged from 27 to 69. Our procedures were multiple needling and injection of dextrose over the lesion of calcific deposits. The bind injection group were 19 patients whose age ranged from 27 to 64-year-old (mean 52.2), and the US-guided injection group were 17 patients ranged from 31 to 69-year-old (mean 49.0). We compare these groups by VAS (visual analogue scale) and range of motion before and after procedures. Results: There is no difference between two groups in VAS and ROM before procedure (p>0.05). Two groups revealed significant improvement without limitation of shoulder function, however, the group under US-guided revealed better results than under blind (VAS:p=0.001, Flexion:p=0.000, Abduction:p=0.000, External rotation: p=0.016). Conclusion: Ultrasonography-guided procedure showed better results than blind, so the use of ultrasonography is more promising procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.351-354
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• 1993

Z-1-Ethyl-2-nitro-l-butenyl-(4'-methyl)-phenyl sulfone, C$_{13}$H$_{17}$NO$_4$S, Mr = 293.4, monoclinic space group P2$_1$/c, a = 12.194(7), b = 7.290(4), c = 16.532(14)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 103.4(2)$^{\circ}$, V = 1429.5 ${\AA}^3$, Z = 4, D$_c$ = 1.32 gcm$^{-3}$, ${\lambda}$(Mo K${\alpha}$) = 0.71069 ${\AA}$, ${\mu}$ = 2.2 cm$^{-1}$, F(000) = 600, T = 298 K, R = 0.030 for 1762 unique observed reflections with I > 1.0${\sigma}$(I). A molecule has a cis-typed molecular structure having the form of "the substituted butene backbone, C-C(S)=C(NO$_2$)-C, connecting to a sulfur atom with the methylbenzene ring and to a nitro group. The methylbenzene ring and the substituted butene moiety are nearly planar with the maximum deviations from their own molecular planes, 0.018 ${\AA}$ for the C(1) atom of the benzene group and 0.045 ${\AA}$ for the N atom of the NO$_2$ group, respectively. The angles to the plane of the butene backbone are 88.5$^{\circ}$from the plane of the methyl-benzene and 78.6$^{\circ}$from the plane of the nitro group. Rotation of the nitro group from the butene plane seems to reduced contribution of resonance structure involving the nitro group, and resultant repulsion between the O(2) atom of SO$_2$ and the O(3) atom of NO$_2$ appears to be 2.894 ${\AA}$ longer than an expected van der Waals distance of 2.80 ${\AA}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.592-600
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• 2014

This paper proposes an enhanced adaptive genetic algorithm(EAGA) dedicated to pattern synthesis of array antenna which conforms to a curved surface of rotation with quadratic function. EAGA combines adaptive genetic algorithm(AGA) with invasive weed optimization(IWO) for the faster convergence and the lower cost value of the cost function. The amplitude and phase of each excited weighting factor are optimized to meet the required goals using EAGA. The EAGA results indicate that the proposed algorithm is superior to AGA when applied to the problem of conformal array antenna pattern synthesis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the post-operative skeletal stability after surgical correction of patients with mandibular prognathism by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and to evaluate the horizontal relapse tendency after the surgery. Methods: Twenty-six patients with Class III dental and skeletal malocclusion were selected for this retrospective study. Fifteen of them underwent BSSRO for mandibular setback and eleven of them underwent two-jaw surgery (Lefort I and BSSRO). In each patient, lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken pre-operatively, post-operatively within 1 week, and post-operatively after eight months. After tracing of the cephalometric radiographs, various parameters were measured. The analyses were done by linear measurement to evaluate the change in position of hard tissue B point, pogonion and mandibular plan angle by examination on lateral cephalograms. Results: The horizontal relapse rate was 27.1% at B point and 31.6% at pogonion in patients who underwent BSSRO. The horizontal relapse rate of the group where the amount of correction exceeded 10 mm was 25.69% at B point. Conclusion: There were no statistical differences on the magnitude of setback and direction of rotation of the mandible in mandibular stability. There were also no statistical differences between single mandibular surgery and two-jaw surgery for mandibular stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.795-806
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• 2001

This study is to classify the somatotypes of middle-aged women by many critera and figure out he characteristics of each somatotypes. The subjects are 614 middle-aged women between 35 and 59 years old and the research is based on anthropometric and photometric measurement by photographing their body parts. The results are as follows; 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 11 factors were extracted through factor analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of varimax and those factors comprised 85.71 percent of total variance. 2. As the result of cluster analysis the group of the middle-aged women is classified as 6 types. Type 1 is short, fat, H type in front and lean-back type on the side. Type 2 is standard in height and weight. Type 3 is standard height, fat, long upper body, bend-forward type and protrude of the hip on the side. Type 4 is tall, thin, short upper body, having clearly protrude of the back and hip and lean-back type on the side. Type 5 is neither short nor tall, slim, X type in front and I type on the side. Type 6 is tall, thin and B type on the side. 3. As the result of observing the mutual corresponding relation between these 6 groups and age/Rohrers Index, the somatotype of the middle-aged women is divided at the age of 45. Accordingly when it comes to progress the study of the middle-aged women in the future, we will have to observe the characteristics for dividing the first half and the second half of age of 45.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1088-1095
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• 2009

In this paper, we describe the reorientation method of distorted road sign by using projection transformation for improving recognition rate of road sign. RSR (Road Sign Recognition) is one of the most important topics for implementing driver assistance in intelligent transportation systems using pattern recognition and vision technology. The RS (Road Sign) includes direction of road or place name, and intersection for obtaining the road information. We acquire input images from mounted camera on vehicle. However, the road signs are often appeared with rotation, skew, and distortion by perspective camera. In order to obtain the correct road sign overcoming these problems, projection transformation is used to transform from 4 points of image coordinate to 4 points of world coordinate. The 4 vertices points are obtained using the trajectory as the distance from the mass center to the boundary of the object. Then, the candidate areas of road sign are transformed from distorted image by using homography transformation matrix. Internal information of reoriented road signs is segmented with arrow and the corresponding indicated place name. Arrow area is the largest labeled one. Also, the number of group of place names equals to that of arrow heads. Characters of the road sign are segmented by using vertical and horizontal histograms, and each character is recognized by using SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference). From the experiments, the proposed method has shown the higher recognition results than the image without reorientation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.546-551
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• 2006

Purpose: The reconstruction of oropharyngeal defect after cancer surgery is very difficult because of their complicated structure and the functional importance to prevent velopharyngeal incompetence. In this article we investigated affecting factors of velopharyngeal function after reconstruction and a fundamental rule of reconstruction for saving their functions such as swallowing, speeching and breathing. Methods: We classified 18 patients into three group under Kimata's grouping. Type I defect(6 patients) was healed by primary closure or secondary intention. In Type II or III defect, two operation methods were used - the folded flap(8 patients) and modified Gehanno method(4 patients), which include a lateral-posterior pharyngeal rotation-advancement flap. We evaluated wound dehiscence between the flap and the soft palate, speech intelligibility using Hirose's method, regurgitation during oral feeding, and hypernasality. Results: Most of type I or II defects patients recovered satisfactory velopharyngeal function. But, in patients with type III defects we found wound dehiscence, worse speech function, and common velopharyngeal incompetence. Conclusion: The large defect size and presence of wound dehiscence are major factors of postoperative velopharyngeal function. We conclude that folded flap or modified Gehanno method is a good reconstructive operation method for broad contact between the flap and defect site, preventing wound problem.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2017

Dynamic response analysis of offshore triceratops with stiffened buoyant legs under impact and non-impact waves is presented. Triceratops is relatively new-generation complaint platform being explored in the recent past for its suitability in ultra-deep waters. Buoyant legs support the deck through ball joints, which partially isolate the deck by not transferring rotation from legs to the deck. Buoyant legs are interconnected using equally spaced stiffeners, inducing more integral action in dispersing the encountered wave loads. Two typical nonlinear waves under very high sea state are used to simulate impact and non-impact waves. Parameters of JONSWAP spectrum are chosen to produce waves with high vertical and horizontal asymmetries. Impact waves are simulated by steep, front asymmetric waves while non-impact waves are simulated using Stokes nonlinear irregular waves. Based on the numerical analyses presented, it is seen that the platform experiences both steady state (springing) and transient response (ringing) of high amplitudes. Response of the deck shows significant reduction in rotational degrees-of-freedom due to isolation offered by ball joints. Weak-asymmetric waves, resulting in non-impact waves cause steady state response. Beat phenomenon is noticed in almost all degrees-of-freedom but values in sway, roll and yaw are considerably low as angle of incidence is zero degrees. Impact waves cause response in higher frequencies; bursting nature of pitch response is a clear manifestation of the effect of impact waves on buoyant legs. Non-impact waves cause response similar to that of a beating phenomenon in all active degrees-of-freedom, which otherwise would not be present under normal loading. Power spectral density plots show energy content of response for a wide bandwidth of frequencies, indicating an alarming behaviour apart from being highly nonlinear. Heave, being one of the stiff degrees-of-freedom is triggered under non-impact waves, which resulted in tether tension variation under non-impact waves as well. Reduced deck response aids functional requirements of triceratops even under impact and non-impact waves. Stiffened group of buoyant legs enable a monolithic behaviour, enhancing stiffness in vertical plane.