• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2000

The energy storage systems are being widely researched for the high quality of the electric power. The FES(flywheel energy system) is especially, on the center of the research because it does not make any pollution and its life is long. The FES converts the electrical energy into the mechanical kinetic energy of the flywheel and reconverts the mechanical energy into the electrical energy. In order to store as much energy as possible, the flywheel is supposed to be rotated with very high speed. The motor/generator of the FES should be high efficient at high speed, and generate constant torque with respect to the rotation. In this paper, a motor/generator employing a Halbach array of permanent magnets is designed and constructed to meet the requirements, and its characteristics are examined. The magnetic field is analysed by using the magnetic surface charge method. The armature winding is designed for the harmonic components to be minimized by using the FFT. The sinusoidal current for the motor driving are generated by the hysteresis current controller. A sample superconducting flywheel energy storage system is constructed with a duralumin flywheel which has a maximum rotating speed of 40,000[rpm] and a stored energy of 240[Wh] and its validity is examined through the experiment.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.993-1014
• /
• 2014

In civil engineering, revolving structures (RS) are a unique structural form applied in innovative architecture design. Such structures are able to revolve around themselves or along a certain track. However, few studies are dedicated to safety design or health monitoring of RS. In this paper, a wireless dynamic sensing system is developed for RS, and field tests toward a large revolving auditorium are conducted accordingly. At first, a wheel-rail problem is proposed: The internal force redistributes in RS, which is due to wheel-rail irregularity. Then the development of the sensing system for RS is presented. It includes system architecture, network organization, vibrating wire sensor (VWS) nodes and online remote control. To keep the sensor network identifiable during revolving, the addresses of sensor nodes are reassigned dynamically when RS position changes. At last, the system is mounted on a huge outdoor revolving auditorium. Considering the influence of the proposed problem, the RS of the auditorium has been designed conservatively. Two field tests are conducted via the sensing system. In the first test, 2000 people are invited to act as the live load. During the revolving process, data is collected from RS in three different load cases. The other test is the online monitoring for the auditorium during the official performances. In the end, the field-testing result verifies the existence of the wheel-rail problem. The result also indicates the dynamic sensing system is applicable and durable even while RS is rotating.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.102-112
• /
• 2015

In the Nordic grid, a trend observed the recent years is the increase in grid frequency variations, which means the frequency is outside the normal range (49.9-50.1 Hz) more often. Variations in the grid frequency leads to changes in the speed of rotation of all the turbines connected to the grid, since the speed of rotation is closely related to the grid frequency for synchronous generators. When the speed of rotation changes, this implies that the net torque acting on the rotating masses are changed, and the material of the turbine runners must withstand these changes in torque. Frequency variations thus leads to torque oscillations in the turbine, which become dynamical loads that the runner must be able to withstand. Several new Francis runners have recently experienced cracks in the runner blades due to fatigue, obviously due to the runner design not taking into account the actual loads on the runner. In this paper, the torque oscillations and dynamic loads due to the variations in grid frequency are simulated in a 1D MATLAB program, and measured grid frequency is used as input to the simulation program. The maximum increase and decrease in the grid frequency over a 440 seconds interval have been investigated, in addition to an extreme event where the frequency decreased far below the normal range within a few seconds. The dynamic loading originating from grid frequency variations is qualitatively found by a constructed variable $T_{stress}$, and for the simulations presented here the variations in $T_{stress}$ are found to be around 3 % of the mean value, which is a relatively small dynamic load. The important thing to remember is that these dynamic loads come in addition to all other dynamic loads, like rotor-stator interaction and draft tube surges, and should be included in the design process, if not found to be negligible.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2014

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are commonly used techniques to evaluate the flow characteristics in the development stage of blood pumps. CFD technique allows rapid change to pump parameters to optimize the pump performance without having to construct a costly prototype model. These techniques are used in the construction of a bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD) which combines the functions of LVAD and RVAD in a compact unit. The BVAD construction consists of two separate chambers with similar impellers, volutes, inlet and output sections. To achieve the required flow characteristics of an average flow rate of 5 l/min and different pressure heads (left - 100mmHg and right - 20mmHg), the impellers were set at different rotating speeds. From the CFD results, a six-blade impeller design was adopted for the development of the BVAD. It was also observed that the fluid can flow smoothly through the pump with minimum shear stress and area of stagnation which are related to haemolysis and thrombosis. Based on the compatible Reynolds number the flow through the model was calculated for the left and the right pumps. As it was not possible to have both the left and right chambers in the experimental model, the left and right pumps were tested separately.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2008

In the first part of the paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis of the combusting flow within a high-swirl lean premixed gas turbine combustor and over the $1^{st}$ row nozzle guide vanes is presented. In this analysis, the focus of the investigation is the fluid dynamics at the combustor/turbine interface and its impact on the turbine. The predictions show the existence of a highly-rotating vortex core in the combustor, which is in strong interaction with the turbine nozzle guide vanes. This has been observed to be in agreement with the temperature indicated by thermal paint observations. The results suggest that swirling flow vortex core transition phenomena play a very important role in gas turbine combustors with modern lean-premixed dry low emissions technology. As the predictability of vortex core transition phenomena has not yet been investigated sufficiently, a fundamental validation study has been initiated, with the aim of validating the predictive capability of currently-available modelling procedures for turbulent swirling flows near the sub/supercritical vortex core transition. In the second part of the paper, results are presented which analyse such transitional turbulent swirling flows in two different laboratory water test rigs. It has been observed that turbulent swirling flows of interest are dominated by low-frequency transient motion of coherent structures, which cannot be adequately simulated within the framework of steady-state RANS turbulence modelling approaches. It has been found that useful results can be obtained only by modelling strategies which resolve the three-dimensional, transient motion of coherent structures, and do not assume a scalar turbulent viscosity at all scales. These models include RSM based URANS procedures as well as LES and DES approaches.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.1092-1100
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 C-밴드 대역 지상 운용 회전형 SAR 시스템에 대한 시험 결과를 선보인다. 회전형 SAR 시스템은 지상과 우주 공간 상에서 운용될 수 있는 미래의 회전형 SAR 시스템을 위한 시험대(test-bed)로써, 지표면 및 낮은 깊이의 지표면 속 목표물로부터의 전자파 산란를 영상화하기 위해 설계되었다. 또한, 생성된 SAR 영상과 시험결과를 본 논문에서 선보인다. 회전형 SAR 시스템은 네트워크 분석기(Agilent 8753E)를 기반으로한 HPS(Hongik Polarimetric Scatterometer) 시스템과 수평 회전팔(1.6 m)로 구성된다. 설계/제작된 시스템을 이용하여 다양한 목표물 설정 지역에서 SAR 영상을 획득하였다. 회전형 SAR 시스템을 검증하기 위해서 FDTD(Finite Difference Time Domain) 알고리즘을 이용한 SAR 영상 생성 과정을 모의 실험하였으며, 실제 측정 결과를 이용한 SAR 영상을 비교 분석하였다. 설계/제작된 회전형 SAR 시스템은 5 GHz의 중심 주파수로 운용되며, 해상도 조절을 위해 대역폭을 0.5~2 GHz 범위 내에서 변화시켜 SAR 영상을 분석하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회 초록집
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2010

As the nuclear power plant has been constructed continuously for several decades in Korea, the welding technology for components manufacturing and installation has been improved largely. Standardization for weld test and qualification was also established systematically according to the concerned code. The welding for the main components requires the high reliability to keep the constant quality level, which means the repeatability of weld quality. Therefore the weld process qualified by thorough test and evaluation is able to be applied for manufacturing. Narrow gap SAW and GTAW process are usually applied for girth seam welding of pressure vessel like Reactor vessel, steam generator, and etc. For the surface cladding with stainless steel and Inconel material, strip welding process is mainly used. Inside cladding of nozzles is additionally applied with Hot wire GTAW and semi-auto welding process. Especially the weld joint having elliptical weld line on curved surface needs a specialized weld system which is automatically rotating with adjusting position of the head torch. The small sized pipe, tube, and internal parts of reactor vessel requests precise weld processes like an automatic GTAW and electron beam welding. Welding of dissimilar materials including Inconel690 material has high possibility of weld defects like a lack of fusion, various types of crack. To avoid these kinds of problem, optimum weld parameters and sequence should be set up through the many tests. As the life extension of nuclear power plant is general trend, weld technologies having higher reliability is required gradually. More development of specialized welding systems, weld part analysis and evaluation, and life prediction for main components should be taken into a consideration extensively.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2009

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major indoor air pollutants especially in the subway station in Korea. In order to remove PM in the subway station, several kinds of PM removal system such as roll-filter, auto-washable air filter, demister, and electrostatic precipitator are used in the air handling unit (AHU) of subway stations. However, those systems are prone to operation and maintenance problems since the filter-regeneration unit consisting of electrical or water jet parts might malfunction due to the high load of particulates unless the filter medium is periodically replaced. In this study, the use of axial-flow cyclone was proposed for particulate filter unit in the AHU for its low operation and maintenance cost. Novel shape of axial-flow cyclone was designed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The shape of vortex vane was optimized in terms of pressure drop and tangential velocity. In addition, CFD analysis was validated experimentally through the pressure drop measurement of mock-up model. We found that pressure drop and tangential velocity of fluid through the axia-flow cyclone was significantly affected by the rotating degree of vortex vane and the numerical prediction of pressure drop agreed well with experimental measurement.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2017

Currently, fuel efficiency becomes one of critical issues for automotive industries as concerns about environmental and energy problems grow. In an automatic transmission of an automobile, a drag torque due to a viscous drag of a fluid between friction and clutch plates is one of factors that degrade fuel economy. In this work, the drag torque characteristics of a wet clutch was experimentally investigated with respect to rotational speed, temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and gap between friction and clutch plates. The experimental results showed that drag torque increases to a certain level, and then decrease to the steady state value with increasing rotational speed. This behavior may be associated with two-phase flow of air and ATF at gap between friction and clutch plates. Also, it was found that the maximum drag torque value decreased as ATF viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, it was shown that the point at which the maximum drag torque occurs was not significantly affected by the ATF temperature. In addition, maximum drag torque was found to decrease as the gap between friction and clutch plates increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Furthermore, it was observed that the generation of maximum drag torque was delayed as the gap increased. The outcomes of this work are expected to be helpful to gain a better understanding of drag torque characteristic of a wet clutch, and may therefore be useful in the design of wet clutch systems with improved performance.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 평행빔, 팬빔, 콘빔 등 기존의 정형화된 전산화 영상촬영장치로 측정이 불가능한 산업 공정에 전산화 단층 촬영기술을 적용하기 위하여 개별 검출기 설치, 감마선 조사기 및 선원유도관을 통한 단면계측방법을 제안하였다. 단면 복원을 위해 검출기 볼륨을 고려한 가중치 함수를 제안하고 통계적 기반의 반복적 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 그리고 이와 같은 검출 구조에 따른 측정 결과물을 예측하고 본 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 두 종류의 팬텀에 대해 Monte Carlo 전산모사를 수행하였으며 이중 한개의 모델에 대하여 동일 계측조건을 갖는 Lab. 규모 측정 실험을 수행하였다. 전산 모사 결과 photopeak 에너지만 선별하여 계측한 경우가 전에너지에 대해 계측한 경우에 비해 높은 통계적 오차에도 불구하고 보다 참값에 근접한 결과를 보였다. 또한 동일 모형에 대한 전산 모사 및 측정 실험의 결과가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 제안된 측정 기법의 유용성을 검증하였으며, 향후 석유화학시설의 설비 진단에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.