• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

Vertical axis wind energy systems including 3 and 4 blades are numerically investigated in a two-dimensional (2D) computational domain. The power coefficient (C_p) is adopted to measure the efficiency of the system and the effect of the rotating velocity on the power coefficient is analyzed for the two different systems. The rotating velocity varies from 30 rad/s to 90 rad/s, which corresponds to the tip speed ratio (T.S.R) of 0.5 to 1.5. The torque exerted on the blades is mainly determined by the aerodynamic force in the x-direction and maximized when the blade is positioned at around θ = 186°. The efficiency of the 4-blade system is higher than that of the 3-blade system within the tip speed ratio range between 0.5 and 0.67, besides where the 3-blade system shows a better performance. For the 3-blade system, the maximum efficiency is reached to 0.082 at the tip speed ratio of 1.083. The maximum efficiency of the 4-blade system is 0.071 at T.S.R. = 0.92. The velocity fields in the x-direction, pressure fields, and the vorticity magnitude are analyzed in detail for the optimal cases of the 3- and 4-blades systems, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 1990

Laboratary scale co-rotating twin-screw extruder(D=4mm, L/P=14)를 이용하여 쌀을 압출성형시켜 팽화 쌀 스넥으로 사용할 수 있는 extrudate를 제조하려고 시도하였다. 찹쌀가루를 원료로 하여 extrusion cooker의 screw speed를 200-360rpm으로 증가시키면, extrudate의 air cells 조직이 균일하게 개선되었으며, 원료의 수분함량은 적어도 17.5% 이하로 유지하는 것이 조직에 좋은 영향을 주었다. 찹쌀과 멥쌀의 powder와 grits를 원료로 사용했을 경우, extrudate의 객관적 및 관능적 텍스쳐는 powder가 grits보다 우수하였으며, 찹쌀과 멥쌀간의 차이는 현저하지 않았다. 그리고 extrudate를 기름에 튀기면 텍스쳐가 향상됨을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.1-2
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• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

기계시스템의 결함을 진단하기 위한 방법으로 패턴인식 기법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 진동신호의 변화를 감지하여 기계시스템의 건전성을 판단하는 방법이 패턴인식 기법이다. 대표적 패턴 인식기법으로 최근 은닉 마르코프 모델과 인공신경망이 여러 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 결함진단에 은닉 마르코프 모델과 인공신경망을 혼합한 방법이 제시되었으며 결함진단 대상 구조물로는 크랙을 가진 회전하는 풍력터빈 블레이드가 선정되었다. 본 연구에서는 크랙발생 여부뿐만 아니라 그 위치 및 크기도 동시에 진단하고자 하였다. 아울러서 본 연구에서는 일정 주파수들을 갖는 모멘트를 대상 구조물에 가함으로써 외부 잡음에도 불구하고 높은 결함진단 확률을 가질 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2013

전자기력을 이용한 소형 회전 무빙 자석 타입 보이스 코일 구동기를 소형 이동 로봇을 위해 개발하였다. 1개의 자석과 1개의 코일 그리고 1개의 요크로 이루어진 간단한 구조이다. DC 모터와 같이 선형으로 근사화한 이론적인 모델링으로 성능을 예측하였고, 유한 요소 해석 프로그램으로 모터 상수와 복원력 상수를 계산하여 자석과 코일 사이의 공극에 따른 성능을 예측하였다. 시작품을 제작하여 실험을 통하여 60Hz 에서 공진 주파수를 가지고 주파수 대역폭이 80Hz를 가짐을 확인하여 모델링을 검증하였다. 그리고 정적으로 1.5V 입력 전압으로 약 20 deg의 회전을 확인하였다. 제안된 구동기는 개루프 제어가 가능하여 회로 구성을 간단히 할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

군용 견마로봇차량은 전시 임무수행간 야지를 주행하게 되는데, 이때 발생하는 지속적인 충격에 의한 차체의 진동은 내부 구성품에 손상을 초래할 수 있다. 현재 차체 진동저감을 위한 제어의 수단으로 능동 또는 반능동 현가장치을 사용한 많은 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 반능동 현가장치와 더불어 $6{\times}6$ 차량의 회전형 현가장치와 독립적인 구동제어에 의한 진동저감 기법을 제안한다. 진동 제어기로는 스카이훅의 수정기법 중의 하나인 SH-ADD 를 적용하였다. ISO E 등급의 노면을 주행노면으로 선정하였으며, 시뮬레이션은 ADAMS Control 과 Matlab Simulink 를 연동하여 수행하였다. 야지에서의 내부장비의 피로누적에 초점을 두어 주행 제어조건에 따른 RMS 수치로서 결과를 비교 및 분석하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2003

Extended cylindrical magnetron sputtering system with rotating 600-mm long and 90-mm diameter graphite cathode and pulsed power supply voltage generator were developed and fabricated. Time-dependent Langmuir probe characteristics as well as carbon films thickness were measured. It was shown that ratio of ions flux to carbon atoms flux for pulsed magnetron discharge mode was equal to $\Phi_{i}$ $\Phi$sub C/ = 0.2. It did not depend on the discharge current in the range of $I_{d}$ / = 10∼60 A since both the plasma density and the film deposition rate were found approximately proportional to the discharge current. In spite of this fact carbon film structure was found to be strongly dependent on the discharge current. Grain size increased from 100 nm at $I_{d}$ = 10∼20 A to 500 nm at $I_{d}$ = 40∼60 A. To deposit fine-grained hard nanocrystalline or amorphous carbon coating current regime with $I_{d}$ = 20 A was chosen. Pulsed negative bias voltage ($\tau$= 40 ${\mu}\textrm{s}$, $U_{b}$ = 0∼10 ㎸) synchronized with magnetron discharge pulses was applied to a substrate and voltage of $U_{b}$ = 3.4 ㎸ was shown to be optimum for a hard carbon film deposition. Lower voltages were not sufficient for amorphization of a growing graphite film, while higher voltages led to excessive ion bombardment and effects of recrystalization and graphitization.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

Aero-engine, as one kind of rotating machinery with complex structure and high rotating speed, has complicated vibration faults. Therefore, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is very important for airplane security. In this paper, a vibration data acquisition and intelligent fault diagnosis system is introduced. First, the vibration data acquisition part is described in detail. This part consists of hardware acquisition modules and software analysis modules which can realize real-time data acquisition and analysis, off-line data analysis, trend analysis, fault simulation and graphical result display. The acquisition vibration data are prepared for the following intelligent fault diagnosis. Secondly, two advanced artificial intelligent(AI) methods, mapping-based and rule-based, are discussed. One is artificial neural network(ANN) which is an ideal tool for aero-engine fault diagnosis and has strong ability to learn complex nonlinear functions. The other is data mining, another AI method, has advantages of discovering knowledge from massive data and automatically extracting diagnostic rules. Thirdly, lots of historical data are used for training the ANN and extracting rules by data mining. Then, real-time data are input into the trained ANN for mapping-based fault diagnosis. At the same time, extracted rules are revised by expert experience and used for rule-based fault diagnosis. From the results of the experiments, the conclusion is obvious that both the two AI methods are effective on aero-engine vibration fault diagnosis, while each of them has its individual quality. The whole system can be developed in local vibration monitoring and real-time fault diagnosis for aero-engine.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 PET 상용 소재를 기반으로 제작된 유수분리막을 오일 폐수 처리에 효과적으로 적용하기 위하여 유수분리장치 성능 향상 및 적절한 소재 선정에 대하여 검토하였다. PET 섬유 소재의 방수 능력과 선택성을 유지할 수 있는 최적 조건을 탐색하였으며, 밀도 $60g/m^2$ 이상의 PET 소재를 2겹 이상으로 사용하여야 분리 효율을 유지하면서 본 연구에서 설계한 단위 셀에 적합한 수준의 방수 능력을 보여주었다. 유수분리장치는 회전하는 타공 원통 구조로 설계되고, 외부에 유수분리막이 감싸는 구조로 장착되어 연속적인 흡착제거가 가능하며, 내부에 부유형 방해판을 설치하여 오일 성분을 강제적으로 유수분리막 방향으로 유도하여 제거 효율과 안정성을 극대화하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

In this study, we have demonstrated the fine structure effect of PdCo electrocatalyst on oxygen reduction reaction activity with different alloy composition and heat-treatment time. In order to identify the intrinsic factors for the electrocatalytic activity, various X-ray analyses were used, including inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy technique. In particular, extended X-ray absorption fine structure was employed to extract the structural parameters required for understanding the atomic distribution and alloying extent, and to identify the corresponding simulated structures by using FEFF8 code and IFEFFIT software. The electrocatalytic activity of PdCo alloy nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction was evaluated by using rotating disk electrode technique and correlated to the change in structural parameters. We have found that Pd-rich surface was formed on the Co core with increasing heating time over 5 hours. Such core shell structure of PdCo/C showed that a superior oxygen reduction reaction activity than pure Pd/C or alloy phase of PdCo/C electrocatalysts, because the adsorption energy of adsorbates was apparently reduced by lowering the dband center of the Pd skin due to a combination of the compressive strain effect and ligand effect.