• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rosin

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Analysis of characteristics of natural resins using organic residue analysis organic materials attached on wooden coffins from Singok-dong Site, Uijeongbu (유기잔존물 분석을 활용한 천연 수지 특성 분석 - 의정부 신곡동 유적 출토 목관 부착 유기물을 중심으로 -)

  • YUN, Eunyoung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.78-89
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    • 2021
  • Organic residues analysis is an analysis method that reveals the types of organic material samples by using the characteristic that main components constituting substances are different depending on the species of animals and plants. In this study, scientific analysis of the organic residues attached to wood coffins in the Joseon Dynasty Hoemyo excavated from the site of Singok-dong, Uijeongbu was used to identify the types of remnants and to use them as information to restore the uses of organic materials and the way they lived in the past. As a result of FT-IR analysis of the residue attached to the inside of the wood, it was estimated to be a natural plant resin material. In addition, as a result of analysis by GC-MS to confirm the characteristic factors of natural resins, diterpenoids (abietane) and pimaran (pimarane), such as dehydroabietic acid and pimaric acid (diterpenoid) compounds, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components were detected together. Diterpenoid compounds are components mainly found in Pinaceae resins. It is confirmed in the literature that rosin, a representative material of Pinaceae resin, was used as an adhesive material. Considering the situation where an organic material remained at the joint of the wood, the organic material attached to the wood is judged to be an adhesive material made of Pinaceae resin. In addition, the fatty acid component detected together is a component derived from plant oil, and it is presumed to be made by mixing rosin and oil as recorded in previous studies. This study confirms that organic residues remain in the burial environment without losing their characteristics. It is expected that scientific analysis of organic residues will be conducted in the future to accumulate information necessary for the interpretation of past living culture.

Total sizing system (총 사이징 시스템)

  • Proverb, Robert J.;Pawlowska, Lucyna;Komarowska, Kasia;Garro, Gina;Dilts, Kimberly
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2004.07a
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2004
  • Sizing properties in paper are generally developed through the application of both internal and surface sizes. Rosin, wax, and synthetic sizes including ASA, AKD, and stearic anhydride are and have been used to provide wet-end sizing to paper. In many cases, the use of some of these sizes leads to runnability problems that are inherent in the wet-end operation. Variability in furnish, fines, broke, filler, water chemistry, conductivity, and pH control impacts the wet-end operation. Size press chemicals including starch and polymers such as styrene-acrylic, styrene-maleic, and styrene acrylate emulsions are used in conjunction with internal sizes to improve the paper surface for printing and strength properties, porosity, and opacity improvement. This paper will discuss results from a new, proprietary formulation and process that allows application of sizing chemistry more totally at the size press with reduced emphasis on wet end sizing. Runnability issues are thus minimized at the wet-end, chemical usage is more efficient, and significant cost savings can be realized. Case histories will be presented illustrating the advantages of this new application in commercial trials.

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Dilutant flow characteristics model of coarse particle suspensions with uniform size distribution

  • Ookawara, Shinichi;Ogawa, Kohei
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2003
  • It is expected that particle size distribution of any portion obtained through screening, is of more uniform than that of the original mixture, typically following such as log-normal, Rosin-Rammler distributions and so on. In this study, therefore, a new relation between parameters of the uniform distribution and flow characteristics of the coarse particle suspensions is derived based on the continuous polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa, 2002b), which is derived from the discrete polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2002a). The derived model equation predicts a linear increase of viscosity with shear rate, viz., dilutant flow characteristics. Further, the increase of viscosity is expected to be proportional to the square of volume fraction of particles, and to show the linear dependency on density and average diameter of particles. It is also shown that the uniform distribution model includes additional term that expresses the effect of distribution width. For verification of the model, the experimental results of Clarke (1967) are cited as well as in our previous work for the monodisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2000) since most parameters were varied independently in his work. It is suggested that the newly introduced term expands the applicable range compared with the monodisperse model.

Effects of Limestone Powder on the Fluidity of Ordinary Portland Cement Paste (보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 페이스트의 유동특성에 미치는 석회석 미분말의 영향)

  • Lee, Seung-Heun;Park, Jeong-Soo;Lee, Jeong-In;Cho, Jae-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2013
  • This study examines the effects of limestone's factors on the fluidity of cement paste when of up to 15%. As the substitution ratio of limestone powder increases, the fluidity of the paste is also improved; however, it has no correlation to the $CaCO_3$ content of the limestone, fineness of the limestone, and fluidity of the pastes. Regardless of clay content of the limestone, it showed a similar mini-slump, so there was no correlation between the clay content and the fluidity of the paste. Also, the total organic carbon content of the limestone and the fluidity of the paste showed no correlation. Regardless of the limestone's grade or fineness, n value of powder gained by using the Rosin-Rammler distribution function showed that the fluidity of the paste increased as the n value reduced. It was also shown that particle size distribution of ordinary Portland cement with limestone powder had a major effect on the fluidity of the paste.

The Analysis of Environmental Impact Load by Fibrous Raw Materials and Wet-end Additives in Papermaking Process (제지공정 섬유상 원재료 및 공정 첨가제의 환경오염 부하 분석)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Jin;Shin, Dong-Uk
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.50-58
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    • 2005
  • It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

The Study of the Printability on the Phenol Free Heat-Set Web Inks(I) - Analysis by the printability testing - (Phenol Free Heat-Set 윤전 잉크의 인쇄적성에 관한 연구 (제1보) - 인쇄적성 시험에 의한 분석 -)

  • Ha, Young-Baeck;Oh, Sung-Sang;Lee, Won-Jae
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2012
  • In the 21st century, the printing industry as well as the IT industry has made rapid development. However, despite these technological advancement in the printing industry, it is still harmful for the environment, the state regulation is insufficient. Therefore, we studied the printability for the existing heat-set web inks and the newly created phenol-free eco-inks. This ink was made by reacting rosin and unsaturated dibasic acid and ester reactant, ester reactant was used instead of phenol. Printability test were used in the IGT printability tester. Experimental conditions, the temperature $22.7^{\circ}C$, humidity 57% under conditions of 0.6cc of ink supply, the print speed 1m/sec, pressures were set at 250N. As results of this study, we were able to get the following conclusions. The properties of phenol-free ink is the same as the existing inks. So we are thought to improve some characteristics such as dispersion, able to replace the existing ink.

Antimicrobial effect of different brushing frequencies with fluoride toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species in children with fixed orthodontic appliances

  • Peros, Kristina;Mestrovic, Senka;Anic-Milosevic, Sandra;Rosin-Grget, Kata;Slaj, Mladen
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.263-269
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    • 2012
  • Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. Results: Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. Conclusions: The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.

A Quantitative Analysis of Dissolved Starch in White Water by UV Spectroscopy (분광분석법을 이용한 공정백수에서의 전분 정량분석)

  • Jung So-Hyun;Ryu Jeong-Yong;Kim Hyoung-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.37 no.4 s.112
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2005
  • Natural Com Starch(NCS) spray system has been widely used In multiply board mill for the better bonding strength between board layers. However the unsuitable NCS spray system could lead to a drop in plybond efficiency of multiply board. It could also result in the accumulation of unretained-starch in the white water system, which could not only rise in BOD and COD level but also reduce the effects of rosin-alum sizing system and other additives. In this study, the simple and rapid method by UV-spectroscopy for measuring the starch contents in the white water was proposed, and the quantitative analysis for dissolved starch content in white water was carried out in two kinds of board production process. It could be confirmed that about 150 ppm of oxidized starch was retained in white water dewatered from undertop ply of multiply board process, and about 470 ppm of natural starch was dissolved in white water originated from unsuitable spraying system in the multiply board production lines for cup base paper.

The Study of the Printability on the Phenol Free Heat-Set Web Inks(II) - Analysis by the trial printing test - (Phenol Free Heat-Set 윤전 잉크의 인쇄적성에 관한 연구(제2보) - 실 인쇄 실험에 의한 분석 -)

  • Ha, Young-Baeck;Oh, Sung-Sang;Lee, Won-Jae
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2012
  • Materials used for the inks in the printing industry is an important material following the paper. The composition of the ink is pigment and organic solvents. However, Ink is used in a variety of chemicals, they are classified as non-green. Therefore, rosin-modified phenolics manufactured by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde can take the place of eco-phenol free resin and by experiment density, gloss, trapping, contrast and dot gain of printing has been studied as printability. The result of study can support that the properties of printing using eco-phenol free resin such as density, gloss, contrast and trapping is similar to existing ink. In the part of dot gain, the result is excellent. So we were thought to be able to improve some characteristics such as dispersion of black ink, that will be possible for the field applicability.

A Study for The Effect of Variation of Resin Content on The Rheological Characteristics of Ink Vehicle (수지의 함량 변화에 따른 잉크 비히클의 유변학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Bang, Jong-Gwan;Kim, Sung-Bin;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Lee, Kyu-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.117-128
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    • 2005
  • Printing inks are basically dispersions of solid pigment particles in a vehicle. Pigment flocculation and/or colloidal aggregates created by thixotrope additives form a three- dimensional network in the inks. This structure complicates the flow behaviour of inks. However, if the internal structure is formed under control, the printing process will benefit from it because the ink must satify rheological requirements over a very wide range of shear conditions. The presence of internal structure results in the following prominent non-Newtonian rheological properties: viscoelasticity, yield stress, shear thinning and thixotropy. If the components of printing inks were changed, the rheological characteristics such as viscosity, yield stress, viscoelasticity and tack value were considerably varied. Thus, in this paper, the effects of changing the content of rosin modified phenolic resin on rheological properties of the vehicle will be studied. For that, the rheological properties were found by flow, yield stress, creep and oscillation measurements using Bohlin C-VOR Rotational Rheometer. And Emulsion rheology and its microstructure will be investigated.

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