• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.420-438
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• 1998

Herba Xanthii(HX), Radix Xantluii(RX) and Fructus Xanthii(FX) is one of the oriental medicine that has been used for the treatment of such infectious diseases and tumors. However, the mechanism of the drug is not investigated much. This study was done to know the effects of HX, RX and FX extract on the such innate immunities as phagocytic function and reactive radical formtions from phagocytes and the such acquired immunities as humoral and cell-mediated immunities. The followings are the results obtained from this study: 1. HX2 and FX1 groups increases the in vivo phagocytic activity of mononuclear phagocytes. 2. HXB, RXB, RXC, FXB and FXC groups increase the in vitro phagocytic activities. 3. RXB group stimulated the macrophages to produce nitric oxide in the presence of $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(IFN-{\gamma})$. 4. HX and RX whole groups increased the luminol-amplified reactive oxygen intermediate production in vivo. 5. HX whole and RX1, FX2 groups increased the lucigenin-amplified reactive oxygen intennediate production in vivo. 6. HXC group only increased the luminol-amplified reactive oxygen intermediate production in vitro. 7. HXB, FXB and FXC groups increased the lucigenin-amplified reactive oxygen intermediate production in vitro. 8. HX2, RX1 and FX whole groups increased the hemolysin formations from B cells. 9. HX, RX and FX whole groups significantly increased the rosette forming cells from the spleen. 10. HX, RX and FX whole groups significantly decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity measured by footpad swelling. The above results demonstrate that HX, RX and FX has enhancing effects on innate immunity selectively and decreasing effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity of cell-mediated immunity according to medicinal part and diluted condition. This immunomodulating effects of HX, RX and FX might be responsible for the treatment of immune-mediated disorders.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of Sojagangki-tang on imuno-activity. the author performaed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells (RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers for humoral immune response, Carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summurized as follows: Delayed tape hypersensitivity was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemagglutinin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemolysin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Number of RFC was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice Sojagangki-tang enhences the cell-mediated immmune response, the humoral immune respose. According to the above results, I think that Sojagangki-tang could be used for allergy asthma and lung damage patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 1991

The object of this research is to find out the clinical effects of Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan on Immune response and the An1i-allergic reaction to rats and mice. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Both sopungsan and Gamisopungsan have a tendency to decrease on the delayed type hypersensitivity response in methotrexate treated mice, but are not recognized as having significance. 2. Both Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan reveal the increasing effects with significance on the hemagglution titer in mice. 3. Gamisopungsan reveals the increasing effect with significance on the hemolysin titer in mice. 4. Both Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan have a tendency to increase on the appearance of Rosette forming cells in mice, but are not recognized as having significance. 5. Both Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan reveal the increasing effects with significance on phagocytic index K and a in mice 6. Sopungsan reveals the decreasing effect, on the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats provoked by the IgE-like antibody aganist egg white albumin. 7. Gamisopungsan reveals the decreasing effect with significance on vascular permeabi1ity response to intradermal histamin in rats. 8. Sopungsan reveals the decreasing effect with significance, on vascular permeability response to intradermal serotonin in rats. 9. Both Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan reveal the decreasing effects with significance on the delayed type hypersensitivity response to picryl chloride in mice. 10. Both Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan reveal the decreasing effects with significance on the delayed type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood cell in mice. According to the above results, Sopungsan and Gamisopungsan are concluded to have the increasing effect of immunity and anti-allergic reaction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1997

It was claimed that the herbal medicine with the function of strengthening the body resistance exerts to enhance the immunity. And the medicine with the effect of eliminating the pathogenic factor is stated to inhibit the immune response. To evaluate the the effects of the herbal medicine on the immune response, the mice were administrated with the herbal medicine for 2 weeks. And the responses were analyzed. As the result, water extract of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae, and Radix Sophorae increased the ROI production, while Radix Tripterygia inhibited it. Phagocytic activity was increased after administration of Radix Astragal, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Radix Sophorae. NK cell activity was also significantly inhibited by Radix Tripterygia. Administration of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Semen Coicis enhanced the antibodies(hemagglutinin and hemolysin) formation and the appearance of rosette forming cells of the spleen, while Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia decreased it. Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia also decreased the allogenic immune response and mixed-lymphocyte reaction. And all the experimental herbs decreased contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflurobenzene. These results show Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Spica Prunellae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis and Herba Ecliptae enhanced innate immunity, humoral and cellular immune responses. However Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia exert imunosuppressive action. Also these results indicate that the medicine with the action of the strengthening the body resistance enhances the immunity. And the the some of drugs belonging to the eliminating the pathogenic factor also increase the immune responses.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 1995

Bikiwhan is one of the oriental medicines that have been used for the treatment of tumors since ancient times. However, the mechanism of the drug action is not closely surved. This study was made to investigate the effects of Bikiwhan on the innate immunity were analysed by measuring the functions of phagocytes, and those of specific immunity were analysed by measuring T and B cells activities. The followings are the results obtained from this study : 1. Bikiwhan has direct cytotoxic effects against human lymphoma cell lines (K562) in a dose dependent manner. 2. An administration of Bikiwhan increased allogenic immune response in the mouse. 3. An administration of Bikiwhan increased the antibodies formation against SRBC. 4. An administration of Bikiwhan enhanced the apperance of rosette forming cells in the spleen. 5. An administration of Bikiwhan decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity against dinitrofluorobenzene. 6. An administration of Bikiwhan has no effect on natural killer cells. 7. Bikiwhan increased the phagocyte activity of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in in vivo as well. 8. Bikiwhan depressed the formation of reactive oxygen intermediated in vitro and in vivo as well. 9. Bikiwhan has the capacity to make peritoneal macrophages secrete nitric oxide. The above results demonstrate that Bikiwhan has enhancing effects of immune responses against tumors by decreasing tissue demages caused by immune responses.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-196
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of Samulbyulgapchoengpitang(SB) and one herb added(SBA) on anti-tumor and immune response, the author performed this experimental study, Tumor weight(TW), mean survival days(MSD) and body weight(BW) in vivo, natural killer cell activity(NKCA). rosette forming cells(RFC), phagoctic activity in recticuloendomethrial system(PA), delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH), hemoagglutinin titer(HA) and hemolysine(HL) in vitro were measured in mice. 1. MSD was prolonged in both of treated groups(SB and SBA) as compared with control group. 2. TW was decreased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 3. BW was increased in both of treated groups and just only in SB with statistical significance as compared with control group. 4. DTH was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 5. HA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 6. HL was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 7. RFC was increased in both of treated groups and just only in SB with statistical significance as compared with control group. 8. NKCA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 9. PA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. According to the above experimental results, it is suggested that SB and SBA will have anti-tumor substance and enhance the effect of immune response. But we have to consider the longtime prescription of SBA because there have been no experiments in its side effect or accumulation in body.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-33
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• 1999

This study was done in order investigate the object and the method of animal experimental paper on immunity The results were obtained as follows: 1. Rat, mouse, kk mouse and rabbit were used for experimental paper singe or combine. 2. It was examined a way of bringing about a lowering of immunity used as MTX and other reagent, and it has caused many cases which lead to bring about a lowering of immunity by causing specified disease. 3. It was examined, according to items of my observation. there are mainly hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, phagocytic activity, Rosette forming cells, delayed type hypersensitivity, IL-2 productivity and NK cell activity in survey. 4. Most used drugs and 경혈(aqupuncture paint) have the characters reinforcing a fair spirit and reinforcing an unfair spirit(a miasma or poisonous air). 5. It is necessary to a deep study of an experimental way about aqua-acupuncture on immunity in the future.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-36
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• 1985

Korea is an endemic area of chronic hepatitis in the world. Liver cirrhosis and liver cell carcinoma, presumed to be related to such chronic hepatitis, are the major causes of death in this country. The purpose of this study is disclosing the sources of chronic hepatitis in Korea establishing its histologic characteristics, disclosing the patterns of progression in chronic hepatitis, delineating its prognosis and finally speculating its etiology. The study group was composed of 183 patients with biopsy-proven acute icteric viral hepaticis, 32 patients with biopsy- proven anicteric hepatitis and 260 patients with biopsy- proven chronic hepatitis. These patients submitted to long-term follow-up by means of liver needle biopsy and/or clinicolaboratory evaluation. The period of follow-up ranged from two months to 18 years. The histological features of the initial biopsy specimens of chronic hepatitis permitted a division of the cases cases into the following five types: Type I. Persisting portal hepatitis : so called persisting hepatitis 43 Type II. Chronic inactive hepatitis with incomplete strand septal fibrosis. This type has thin fibrotic septation in addition to Type I with portal sclerosis 38 Type III. Chronic active periportal hepatitis(CAPH) : so called aggressive hepatitis, characterized by marked piecemeal necrosis. This type has been subdivided further into three groups: AB and C on the basis of histologic features. A CAPH without cirrhosis 15 B CAPH with cirrhosis 99 C CAPH with diffuse acinus type parenchymal nodules; characterized by rosette-forming micronodules 21 Type IV. Subacute hepatic necrosis; characterized by multilobular and/or bridging necrosis. 14 Type V. Persisting lobular hepatitis; characterized by spotty necrosis, which looks very similar to acute viral hepatitis. Such histologic changes should be persisted for more than six months 30 In Korea the main source of chronic hepatitis is the anicteric type. Of the chronic hepatitis observed in the hospital, Type IIIb was the most frequent in its incidence and occasionally exhibited development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the mortality was highest in Type IIIc during the period of follow-up. Histologic characteristics of these five types suggest a spectrum of chronic hepatitis in Korea from an early and mild stage to advanced and fatal cirrhosis, which is occasionally associated with primary hepatic cell carcinoma. It seems that Type IV can be followed by flare-up of various stages of acute and chronic hepatitis with HBsAg and that many cases of liver cirrhosis prevalent in Korea occur through such an active process of Type IV. The etiology is not established, but in Korea it is mainly related to HBsAg.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

Germanium-fortified yeast (GY) is a organic germanium-fortified yeast with potent immune modulating activities including anti-inflammatory effect. Through cell line studies, we observed that GY can modulate the diverse immune activity but little evidence was provided on the mechanism of GY in modulating immune activities in other higher animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of GY on modulation of immune function in mice. GY was administered in normal mice or tumor-bearing mice and then effect of GY on modulation of host immune system was analyzed by using ex vivo isolated macrophages, B cells, NK cells. Admistration of GY in mice induced macrophage activation thereby increased effector function of macrophage such as increased phagocytosis, chemotaxis, adherence, $O_2-release$, NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production. In addition, GY administration Increased B lymphocyte activation and plaque forming cells. Furthermore, GY administration increased NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, GY administration suppressed progression of tumor in mice by increasing $TNF-{\alpha}$ production and effector function of NK cells. Our results showed that GY has a potent immunostimulatory function in vivo mice model. Proper modulation and administration of GY in human could be helpful to maintaining immunological homeostasis by modulating host immune system.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-112
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• 1989

In order to investigate experimentally the effects of Sung-yangikgibujat'ang (SIT) and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang (KBT) on Yang-insufficient syndrome (陽虛證) induced by Hydrocortisone acetate (H.A.) in experimental animals (Mice and Rat), the author experimented various activities. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cells (RFC), hemagglutinin (HA) titers, Hemolysin (HL) titers, Body weight, Whole blood viscosity, Plasma Viscosity, Hematocrit, RBC, Albumin, Total protein, Triglyceride, cholesterol and Glucose were measured. The results summerized as follows; 1. In DTH and RFC all the experimental groups were increased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 2. In HA titers SIT_treated group were increased significantly and KBT-treated group showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 3. In HL titers all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 4. In body weight all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 6. In plasma viscosity KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 7. In Hematocrit SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 8. In RBC, albumin and cholesterol all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 9. In total protein and triglyceride KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 10. In Glucose SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. From above findings, it has been demonstrated that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang seem to produce the effectiveness on the recovery from depression of the cell-mediated immune response, blood circulation and energy metabolic rate, induced by Hydrocortisone acetate, and in the humoral immune response Sungyangikgibujat'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery, and in cellular component of blood Sungyangikgibujat'ang was more effective than Kwangyebujalijungt' ang, and in plasma of blood Kwangyebujalijungt'ang was more effective than Sungyangikgibujat'ang. Therefore it is suggested that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery from Yang-insufficient syndrome more or less.