• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2021

A subcontract work order is the basis of the construction process and consists of the root and trunk of the construction industry. The construction process through a subcontract work order is an important element of project success, and it is the basic unit of creating profit in the construction industry. Therefore, correct analysis and forecasting of subcontract work orders allow correct estimation of construction cost and profit which is the foundation of corporate decision making. This study has started to provide predictions of subcontractor's bidding-ratio for decision-making. Since the actual project data has been used in this study, the contribution level of the model is highly expected in actual field. The statistical confidential level of adjusted decision coefficient is concluded low because of limited sample numbers. However, its accuracy and confidence level can be increased through increasing sample numbers, considering more variables, and studying of reducing error.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 1974

Around and in the area of Wolgot-Muon, Gimpo-Gun, Kyunggi province, I examined total bacteria, general Pseudomonas spp., fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., in soil layers and also in different kinds of soil of respective diseased, uncultivated, and healthy areas, and found the followings. 1. In the diseased and uncultivated areas, the content of moisture and silt was greater than in the healthy area. 2. Contrary to the above, the healthy area contained a greater amount of inorganic elements such as $P_2O_5$, K, Ca and of soil particle such as Cs and Fs. The degree of pH and content of Mg were even in three types of soils. 3. Total bacteria were found in abundance in the healthy soil. It was observed that in all types of areas, bacteria reside in abundance in the rhizosphere, i.e., 10-15 cm layers and that the closer the surface, the greater the numbers of the bacteria. 4. General Pseudomonas spp. were also found to the greater in number on the surface of the soil, especially so in the rhizosphere, with the numbers decreasing as the soil layers increase. Numbers of this bacteria in all types of area were nearly uniform. 5. A great number of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were found in the diseased area, especially so in the rhizosphere.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-83
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• 2022

Numbers structure reality and define the way people live. Both in Daoism and in Daesoon Jinrihoe they signify key concepts, notably the cardinal numbers from one through nine that classify different dimensions of the cosmos. Beyond these, the number twenty-four plays an important role. In a temporal mode, it marks the divisions or seasonal periods of the year. Consisting of fifteen days each, these periods signal (and are named after) changes in dominant weather patterns and the position of the sun. Generally activated in the body through particular seasonal activities and dietary prescriptions, in Daoism they are also the root of a series of healing exercises and certain refinement practices of internal alchemy. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, moreover, they are activated by chanting a specific incantation that invokes the twenty-four divine rulers of the divisions, originally a group of Tang Dynasty officials that in nature and function resemble the spirit generals of the early Celestial Masters. Beyond this, the number twenty-four also applies to space. Not unlike the twenty-eight lunar stations or mansions, traditional cosmology acknowledges twenty-four directions, made up of six constellations each in the four cardinal directions, complete with starry deities and divine generals. Their powers are activated with the help of written characters rather than vocal incantations, using techniques common both in Daoism and Daesoon Jinrihoe.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the most common canal type in primary molars and the correlation between their roots and canals. A comprehensive understanding of root canal morphology will lead to more successful root canal treatment. Computed Tomography (CT) images from 114 children (81 boys, 33 girls) aged 3 - 7 years were obtained. The locations and numbers of roots and canals were evaluated, and the relationship between root and canal parameters was determined. The most commonly observed canal morphology in primary maxillary molars were mesio-buccal, disto-buccal and palatal canal. Primary mandibular molars most frequently contain mesio-buccal, mesio-lingual, disto-buccal and distolingual canal. All the roots of the primary maxillary molars except for the mesio-buccal root, each had 1 canal while there were 2 canals observed in each root of primary mandibular molars. Without exception, all mesial roots in primary mandibular 2nd molars had 2 canals. In case when either the palatal root in a primary maxillary molar or the distal root in a primary mandibular molar was separated into 2 roots, each root seemed to have its own canal. Even though the disto-buccal and palatal roots were fused into 1 root in primary maxillary molars, this fused root had tendency to have 2 separate canals. Primary mandibular molars showed similar canal morphologies between left and right molars in the same patient, while the primary maxillary molars did not.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1998

Analyses of now karyotypes using different maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines have been performed. The accumulation and isolation of high quality and quantity metaphase chromosomes from root tips can be achieved from many kinds of maize lines. The chromosome suspensions were prepared by a simple slicing method from synchronized maize root tips and analyzed with a now cytometry. The variations of experimental now karyotypes were detected among inbred lines in terms of the positions and/or the numbers of chromosome peaks. The 2C DNA amount among 8 inbred lines ranged from 5.09 to 5.52 pg. The variability of DNA content in maize chromosome 1 was 9.1 % ranging from 0.685 to 0.747 pg. The selection of appropriate maize lines is critical for sorting specific single chromosome types. At least five different chromosome types can be discriminated and sorted from five maize lines.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.580-585
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• 2003

Subtractive library hybridization was used to isolate the cDNA clones that corresponded to the transcripts that were specifically up-regulated during wheat embryo germination. The clones with numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, and 26 appeared to be more abundant in germinating wheat embryos. Among the isolated clones, we identified four new members of the wheat "germin" gene family. We also identified two novel sequences which exhibited distinct germination up-regulation, and displayed characteristic spatial patterns of expression. One of these, represented by clone pSB10, was principally expressed in the root tissue of germinating embryos. The second was represented by the pSB7 clone and was expressed in both the root and shoot primordia of the embryonic axis, as well as within the coleoptile.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1999

An experiment was carried out using pots to investigate the effects of Chinese milk vetch on the seedling establishment and growth in rice. Four irrigations with five-day intervals and three different levels of vetch straw were investigated. Significantly higher panicle numbers were obtained in vetch-treated pots. Vetch levels were non-treatment as checks, vetch with top removed, root plus shoot 7.5 ton/ha, and root plus shoot 3.0 ton/ha. The time for complete degradation of vetch straws was reduced from 10 days to 5 days as submerged time was delayed, and was affected by the amount of mulched vetch straws. As the mulched vetch amount increased, the time for a complete degradation was extended from 4 days to 12 days. Grain yield and its components were significantly affected by irrigation time and mulched vetch amount. Effectively controlled, lowered reduction damage from the degrading vetch straw, irrigation date and vetch amount were the most important factors for the improving of seedling establishment in direct-sown rice.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.233-237
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the seedling establishment and yield of direct-sown Platycodon grandiflorus seeds cultured by three ridge width, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m and four mulching materials, rice straw, rice bran, black plastic film, and no mulching in upland. Seedling establishment rate (70%) was the highest in rice straw mulched plot of 500 seeds/$m^2$ sowed and root yield after one year was also the highest in rice straw mulched treatment and followed by rice bran, no mulching, and black plastic film treatment. In this result, ridge width 120cm and rice straw mulching combined treatment was best for getting the highest seedling establishment ratio and seedling numbers per area. However, ridge width and mulching materials should be considered soil moisture content and weed population for saving labor cost.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

The effect of bio-fertilizer, which was manufactured poultry manure, on the fall performance of Korean lawngrass was determined on a clay loam soil. Plant length was characterized by increasing the amount of bio-fertilizer applied. This trend was also true in dry matter yield of tops during the experimental period from August 31 through October 30. Both tiller numbers and stolon length steadily increased with increasing amount of bio-fertilizer applied, and 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer was found to be most effective on both components. performance shown on November 5 was prominent for both green leaf and root weights when the increased amount of bio-fertilizer was applied. Korean lawngrass had three times as much green leaf weight with 40m/t application of bio-fertilizer as with other treatments. Several functions of increment of above- ground part components caused by increasing root weight, which is greatly affected by bio-fertilizer application, was discussed. Turf quality was much improved by applying bio-fertilizer, indicating that this fertilizer might play an improtant role in respect of soil structure, water retention etc.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.1 s.76
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• pp.38-48
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• 1996

The survival or colonization of beneficial organsisms and suppression of root rot of ginseng (Panax ginseng) by two distinct bacteria, Pseudomonas cepacia, Bacillus cereus and three mycorrhiza in pot soil were investigated and compared with uninoculated root. In separate inoculation, colonization of roots by P. cepacia was maintained at 6.25 (log cfu/g root) during growth for 10 days under pot culture conditions comparing to $5.62{\sim}6.19$ by mixed treatment with other organisms. Colonizations of P. cepacia were gradually decreased from 6.25 (log cfu/g root) in 10 days growth to 3.01 (log cfu/g root) in 270 days incubation period. This reduction was also investgated in combination treatments by B. cereus or F. solani. The numbers of Fusarium spp. were colonized high number in rhizosphere soil from 3.33 to 3.67 (log cfu/g root) in control within $10{\sim}60$days after treatment of pathogen F. solani, but it's numbers were markedly decreased in 270 days cultivation of plant from 3.33 to 1.02 (log cfu/g root) after treatment. In treatment of beneficial strains of P. cepacia and B. cereus, P. cepacia significantly suppressed the development of root rot from 4.3 in control to 1.2 in treatment, whereas B. cereus alone had no effect on the rate of disease suppression. The disease index $(1.8{\sim}2.3)$ in combination of two bacteria was reduced in plants inoculated with both P. cepacia and B. cereus comparing to the index (4.3) of control. As an effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza on disease suppression, suppression of root rot by F. solani was reduced to $1.2{\sim}1.6$ in disease index in treatment of Glomus albidum and Acaulospora longular comparing to 4.3 of control. In the treatment of bacterial strain P. cepacia and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus albidum, the disease suppression was apparent to 1.2 and 1.2 comparing to 4.3 of control in disease index respectively.