• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships and the variations of agronomic characteristics in the shoot and root part of grasses for the basic data of the development, the management and the utilization of pasture in the forest. This study was conducted with 0% (full sunlight), 25%, 50% and 75% of shading degrees after orchardgrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass, ladino clover and orchardgrass dominated mixture were planted on Aug. 25 in 1984. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yield in 25% of shading was increased 3-1 7% compared with 0% (full sunlight), while 50 and 75% of shading were decreased 28-35% and 44-60%, respectively. Dry matter yield of timothy, perennial ryegrass and ladino clover were decreased 10, 8 and 33%, respectively, compared with orchardgrass, but there was little difference between orchard grass and mixture. 2. Root distribution by different shading degrees was the maximum at 25%, followed by 0, 50 and 75% of shading degrees. Root distribution among different species was the maximum at orchardgrass, followed by perennial ryegrass and timothy. Especially, root distribution of timothy was very little compared with different species. And significantly positive correlation was observed in the relationship between root weight and dry matter yield (r=0.8 102**). 3. The physiological activity of root by different shading degrees was declined by more shading. 4. The length and the percentage of blade by different shading degrees was an increase tendency by more shading. The length and the percentage of blade among different species was followed by timothy, perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass, in that order. And the correlation between the percentage of blade and dry matter yield was significantly negative.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

Proximate analysis of Ipomea batatass L. grown in two different locations in Imo State were investigated. Standard soil analytical method was used to determine the physiochemical contents of the two soil sample collected from Mgbidi and Orji Ipomea batatass L. farm land. The soil sand from Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm recorded highest percentage value of 75.00% compared to the soil sand Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm with 27.00% value. The percentage value of silt was different as the soil Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm had high value of 29.40% while soil silt of Ipomea batatass L. root in Orji farm had 13.40%. The soil clay, pH, Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Ipomea batatass L. root in Mgbidi farm recorded highest percentage value of 43.60%, 5.7, 23.20 and 0.35 compared to the soil sand Ipomea root in Orji farm with 11.60%, 5.4, 16.70 and 0.09 value respectively. Ca, Mg, K, and Na analyzed followed the same trend as the soil from Ipomea root in Mgbidi farm had high percentage value of Ca (10.00), Mg (1.60), K (0.54) and Na (0.43) respectively. The systematic study of physiochemical of the Ipomea soils could help in understanding the nutritional composition, the basic characteristics of the soils and the constraints associated with the management of the soils from the two locations.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1995년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 서울대학교, 서울; 30 Sep. 1995
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• pp.202-210
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• 1995

Given a tree T with a root node 0 having the capacity H and a profit $c_{v}$ and a demand $d_{v}$ on each node v of T, the capacitated subtree of a tree problem(CSTP) is to find a subtree of T containing the root that has the maximum total profit, the sum of profits over the subtree, and also satisfies the constraint of which the sum of demands over the subtree must be less than or equal to H. We first define the so-called critical item for CSTP and find an upper bound on the linear programming relaxation of CSTP. We then present our branch and bound algorithm for solving CSTP and finally report the computational results on a set of randomly generated test problems.s.s.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.245-248
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• 2006

This paper presents the results from a survey on root causes that led to fatal accidents in construction projects In Vietnam. The survey was conducted by means of structured questionnaires and interviews with relevant individuals such as Foremen, field engineers, and project managers working in construction companies located in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city of Vietnam. The survey sample consists of in total 91 fatal accident cases that occurred in construction projects during the years 1996-2005 and were recorded in a report at the Vietnam Department of Labor-Invalids-Social Affairs. The current effort is aimed at determining the essential measures for avoiding fatal accidents that have been increasingly taking place in Vietnam construction firms. The findings from the survey provided a necessary basis for determination of critical factors to be used as safety indexes in developing a checklist for preventing fatal accidents in future construction project

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

Information semantics is a well-known issue in areas of information systems researches. It describes what data mean, how they are created, where they can be applied to ; thus, it provides indispensable information for management of data. This article proposes to formalize information semantics by the processes that data are created or transformed. A scheme is proposed to describe an information production structure, which is called an information structure graph. An information structure graph is a directed graph, whose leaves are primary input data objects and whose root and internal nodes are output objects. Information semantics is derived from an information structure graph that has data as its root. For this, rules are proposed to manipulate and compare graphs. The structural relationships among information structure graphs are mapped into semantic relationships among data.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.317-320
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• 2015

Documenting work-in-progress on construction sites using images captured with smartphones, point-and-shoot cameras, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has gained significant popularity among practitioners. The spatial and temporal density of these large-scale site image collections and the availability of 4D Building Information Models (BIM) provide a unique opportunity to develop BIM-driven visual analytics that can quickly and easily detect and visualize construction progress deviations. Building on these emerging sources of information this paper presents a pipeline for model-driven visual analytics of construction progress. It particularly focuses on the following key steps: 1) capturing, transferring, and storing images; 2) BIM-driven analytics to identify performance deviations, and 3) visualizations that enable root-cause assessments on performance deviations. The information requirements, and the challenges and opportunities for improvements in data collection, plan preparations, progress deviation analysis particularly under limited visibility, and transforming identified deviations into performance metrics to enable root-cause assessments are discussed using several real world case studies.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

ISO 15118은 전기자동차와 전기차 충전기 사이의 통신을 정의하는 국제 표준이다. 또한 충전 서비스를 이용할 때 사용자를 자동인증하는 기술로써 Plug & Charge(PnC)를 정의하였다. PnC는 전기차 사용자 인증, 충전, 요금 청구 등의 모든 과정이 자동으로 처리되는 자동인증기술을 말한다. 표준에 따르면 충전기와 CPS(Certificate Provisioning Service)의 인증서는 V2G(Vehicle to Grid) Root 인증서의 아래에 있어야 한다. 한국의 경우 한국전력공사가 자체적으로 PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)를 운영하고 있으므로 한전이 제공하는 충전기는 V2G Root 인증서의 아래에 있는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 서로 다른 Root 인증서를 가지고 있을 때에도 인증이 가능한 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 PnC 방식의 인증에 교차 인증서의 적용을 제안한다. 교차 인증서 자동인증은 서로 다른 Root 인증서를 가지더라도 인증이 가능하도록 Root CA의 교차 인증서를 발급하고 인증서 체인에 포함시켜 자동인증을 진행하는 것이다. 교차 인증서 기술을 적용하면 다른 Root 인증서의 아래에 있는 인증서의 검증을 가능하도록 해준다. 본 논문에서는 PnC 방식과 교차 인증서를 적용한 PnC 방식의 자동인증을 구현하여, 두 가지 방식이 모두 사용 가능함을 증명하는 개념 증명을 진행한다. 개발 요구사항과 인증서 프로파일, 사용자 인증 시퀀스를 작성하고, 이에 따라 구현, 실행한다. 이 실험을 통해 두 가지의 자동인증이 실행 가능하고, 특히 교차 인증서를 적용한 PnC 방식의 자동인증의 확장성이 뛰어남을 확인한다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2010

본 연구는 연근가루 첨가량을 달리하여 청포묵을 제조한 후 $4^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 저장하면서 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 연근가루를 첨가한 청포묵의 수분 함량은 86.78~88.88%이었다. L값은 연근가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 a값과 b값은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 관능검사 결과, 색과 맛은 연근가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 향미와 광택은 시료간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그리고 투명도와 탄력성은 무첨가군과 연근가루 5% 첨가할 때 가장 높았다. 단단한 정도는 연근가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 전반적인 수용도는 무첨가군과 연근가루 5% 첨가할 때 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. 조직감은 경도, 검성, 씹힘성은 저장 1일째에 유의하게 급격히 감소하였다(p<0.05). 응집성은 연근가루 첨가량에 따라 시료간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 부착성은 무첨가군과 연근가루 5, 10, 15%간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 이수율은 저장 기간 동안 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 연근가루를 첨가한 청포묵을 제조할 때 녹두전분 19 g, 연근가루 1 g, 소금 0.1 g, 물 160 mL를 첨가하는 것이 가장 바람직하겠다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2014

This article presents the successful surgical management of a failed mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) orthograde obturation of a tooth with a history of impact trauma and perforated internal root resorption. A symptomatic maxillary lateral incisor with a history of perforation due to internal root resorption and nonsurgical repair using MTA was referred. Unintentional overfill of the defect with MTA had occurred 4 yr before the initial visit. The excess MTA had since disappeared, and a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation site was evident radiographically. Surgical endodontic retreatment was performed using calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement as a repair material. Histological examination of the lesion revealed granulation tissue with chronic inflammation, and small fragments of MTA encapsulated within fibroconnective tissue. At the one and two year follow up exams, all signs and symptoms of disease had resolved and the tooth was functional. Complete radiographic healing of the lesion was observed two years after the initial visit. This case report illustrates how the selection of an appropriate approach to treatment of a perforation can affect the long term prognosis of a tooth. In addition, extrusion of MTA into a periradicular lesion should be avoided.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.338-358
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• 2000

The effect of bench drying or removal of the periodontal ligament with NaOCl upon periodontal healing and root resorption after replantation of molars was studied in rats. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley female rats were used and fed a powdered purina rat chow diet containing 0.4% beta-aminoproprionitrile. The maxillary first molars were extracted and the periodontal ligaments were removed either by bench drying for 15 minutes or by immersion in 2.5% NaOCl solution. The rats were sacrificed at 5, 10, and 21 days by heart infusion. In order to observe the effect of 0.5% stannous fluoride, $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium on the early stage of periodontal healing, the periodontal ligament was removed with 2.5% NaOCl followed by immersion of the molar in the respective solutions for 5 minutes. The rats were sacrificed after 10 days and the following results were obtained. 1. The removal of the periodontal ligament with 2.5% NaOCl seemed to be more effective than bench drying, since the resorption area in the NaOCl treated group showed a gradual increase whereas a decline in resorption area from 5 days to 21 days was observed in the bench dried group. 2. The application of 0.5% stannous fluoride seemed to enhance the periodontal ligament attachment and active migration of fibroblasts could be observed. 3. The application of $10^{-4}M$, $10^{-2}M$, and 1M etidronate disodium led to a good periodontal ligament attachment. No evident areas of root resorption were found. 4. The use of ${\beta}$-APN made it possible to extract the maxillary first molar with all five roots intact.