• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.473-478
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• 2007

The construction industry is huge-there are lots of project organizations and many different people who work on them. Conflict will occur in any long - term relationship and it happens in personal, professional, family, and social relationships. Disputes between parties to construction projects are of great concern to the industry. The study of construction industry disputes, and the causes of those disputes, is essential. The purpose of this study is to identify the root causes of conflicts in construction industry. A questionnaire field survey was conducted to investigate the root causes of construction conflicts. The professionals working for owner, contractor and consultants were targeted for the collection of data. Descriptive analysis such as mean score and standard deviation as well as factor analysis was employed to find underlying factors related to conflicts in construction field. Student's t-test and ANOVA test tools were used to compare the perceptions of various categories of population and project. Factor analysis was used to group the numbers of conflict causes. This study reveals four root causes of construction conflict. They are: (i) weak project leadership (ii) weak contractor selection (iii) weak project management, and (iv) project participants' attitude.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

Common thistle contains water-soluble substances that are phytotoxic to neighboring plant species. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of common thistle (Cirsium pendulum Fisch.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings to determine their allelopathy, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts from flowers and leaves, and followed by stems, and roots. The extracts at 40 g dry tissue $L^{-1}(g\;L^{-1})$ applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of test plant by 87%. Methanol extracts at 100 g $L^{-1}$ from leaves inhibited root growth of alfalfa and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) by 89 and 98%, respectively. Hexane and ethylacetate fractions of common thistle reduced alfalfa root growth more than did butanol and water fractions. Incorporation into soil with the leaf residues at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ inhibited shoot fresh weights of barnyardgrass and eclipta (Eclipta prostrate) by 88 and 58%, respectively, showing higher sensitivity in grass species. These results suggest that common thistle plants had allelopathic potential for eco-friendly vegetation management, and that especially their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.62-72
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• 2017

In this study, liner unit root tests and panel unit root tests to the ratio of city to regional house price were applied to examine the ripple effects across 28 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region. Then invert LM unit root tests with two structural breaks for 10 representative cities were conducted. The results showed that there is overwhelming evidence of the existence of ripple effect in the Yangtze River Delta region, while segmentation is restricted to a small group of cities in which there is no long-run relationship with the Yangtze River Delta region average; compared to no- and one-break case, there is overwhelming evidence of a ripple effect with the LM test with two structural breaks. Furthermore, the results of the Granger causality test showed that changes in house prices in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou have led to changes in house prices in other cities. The findings of this research make certain contributions to the improvements of research system of ripple effect among regional house prices in the Yangtze River Delta Region,and could be referenced by other markets of other cities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.466-468
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• 2005

Spinal intradural extramedullary non-infiltrated solitary metastasis is very rare. We report a case of intradural extramedullary carcinoma to the T9 nerve root, which mimiking a nerve sheath tumor. Pathology reveals metastatic adenocarcinoma. We discuss the feature of mechanism and pathogenesis and management strategy follows.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.621-624
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• 2011

With the rapid growth of internet traffic, accurate and reliable prediction of internet traffic has been a key issue in network management and planning. This paper proposes an autoregressive-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (AR-GARCH) error model for forecasting internet traffic and evaluates its performance by comparing it with seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) criterion. The results indicated that the seasonal AR-GARCH models outperformed the seasonal ARIMA models in terms of forecasting accuracy with respect to the RMSE criterion.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2015

Customer complaints handling helps organizations to retain existing customers and attract new customers, as well. As Voice of the Customer (VOC) is one of the main sources of customer complaints, many organizations utilize VOC to enhance customer satisfaction. Effective management of VOC has been proved as one of the best ways to maintain organization's brand image and reputation. In spite of its importance, little has been reported on the utilization of VOC to detect faults in a telecommunication industry. In this paper, association rule mining based on VOC is used to identify root fault causes of a telecommunications network. To do that, VOC of a Communication Service Provider has been collected first. Then, association rule mining has also been conducted with various support and confidence levels. As a result, root fault causes of the telecommunications network can be identified. It is expected that this study can be used as a basis for decisions about customer satisfaction management such as preventive maintenances or reduction of the customer maintenance cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

These days, needs and wants of the customers are getting diversified and the market is also changing rapidely. Many organizations are now attempting change and innovation activities to improve products and service quality. This study was performed to apply 6 sigma tools for the efficient repair management of city gas supply equipment. Vital few factors, RISK factors, sigma values, root causes. and solutions were derived by 6 sigma tools. We are performing statistical process control for the new process. Six sigma for city gas supply equipment safety management enabled to improve the business management for efficiency by reducing variation and eliminating cost for quality.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2003

Traumatic injuries in the young permanent dentition are common, but root fractures, defined as fractures involving dentin, cementum and pulp, are relatively uncommon. Appropriate management of root fracture involves repositioning the coronal portion of the tooth fragment and firm immobilization with a splint for 2 to 3 month. Root canal treatment should not be initiated until the sign of necrosis or resorption are apparent because in most cases, the apical fragments maintain their vitality. The following case report describes a patient with root fractures injured three times over the period of 7 years. The results, clinically and radiographically, were acceptable, but long term periodic evaluation is required.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2018

In this study, the traditional takju was manufactured using the finger root, which was recognized as a health functional ingredient, and analyzed the physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics according to the period of fermentation. The pH was significantly low(p<0.05) in all samples until the second day of fermentation, and the pH tended to increase again from the third day of fermentation. The pH value was decreased as the amount of finger root was decreased(p<0.05). The acidity of takju was significantly lower at 0.17~0.21 immediately after fermentation(p<0.05). The acidity of FR0 showed significantly the highest value(p<0.05). The sugar content of takju was significantly increased in all the samples until the 2nd day of fermentation(p<0.05). On the 7th day, it showed the lowest value at $11.01{\sim}12.63^{\circ}Brix$. The sugar content of FR0 was significantly lowest value(p<0.05). The alcohol content of takju was significantly increased as the fermentation proceeded, and the highest value was 11.90~13.50% at 7 days(p<0.05). The alcohol content of RF0 was significantly higher than other samples(p<0.05). As a result of organic acid analysis of finger root takju fermented for 7 days, citric acid(3.35%) showed the highest content of FR3(p<0.05). The content of fructose increased with increasing finger root amount (p<0.05). As a result of sensory evaluation of finger root takju, FR1 and FR2 samples tended to be lower in score than FR0, and FR3 showed the highest score. The overall acceptance value of FR0 was 7.5 and FR3 was 7.57.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.