• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2001

For the purpose of sweet potato varietal improvement, yulmi, shinyulmi, gunmi, hongmi and seonmi, whose source and sink are different one another, were cultivated at different amount of fertilizers, and then defoliation at initial stage of tuberous root weight increase on the relation of source and sink was observed as follows. The response of stem, leaf and tuberous root weight by amount of fertilizer and defoliation rate of sweet potato varieties was different. Stem and leaf weight increased along with heavy dressing by the following order; shinyulmi> seonmi> hongmi> gunmi> yulmi. Tuberous root number was the most at $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=60-70-190kg/ha$ amount of fertilizer, showing seonmi the most number. The number of stem, leaf and tuberous root increased along with the lowered rate of defoliation. In case of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=20-30-90kg/ha$ amount of fertilizer, tuberous root weight increased by increase of stem and leaf weight up to 50% defoliation and the difference of stem, leaf and tuberous root number was low as defoliation rate increases. The total dry weight matter was the most at heavy dressing amount of fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 1998

Nodule development was regulated partially by host plant factors originating in the shoots and roots. This study was performed to identify the origin of the factors regulating nodulation in supernodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant 'SS2-2' which was isolated recently from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of 'Sinpaldalkong 2'. Self- and reciprocal-grafts were made among three soybean genotypes which consisted of two supernodulating mutants, SS2-2 and 'nts 382', and a normal nodulating Sinpaldalkong 2. Self-grafted supernodulating mutants were characterized by greater nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2$H$_2$ reduction activity than self-grafted wild types. They were also characterized by relatively higher nodule to root dry weight. Significant shoot genotypic effects were observed on nodule number, nodule dry weight, and $C_2\;H_2$ reduction activity per plant, whereas varying root genotypes had no effects. From this result, it is surmised that supernodulating characters are controlled by a graft-transmissible shoot factor, and mutant SS2-2 may have similar nodulation mechanism to the former supernodulating nts 382. In all grafts, both supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2 maintained the similar balance between above ground and below ground parts regardless of significant differences in partitioning of dry matter into root and nodule between supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 1997

The study was carried out to clarify reasonable production of healthy seedling, optimal Pot depth, and appropriate transplanting time, which can be deduced from understanding of seedling quality. Seedling quality results from growth of root and shoot, morphology and distribution of root system under influence of Pot depth during seedling growing period. Stem height, shoot dry weight, leaf area and leaf number were increased in proportion to depth of pots. Growth of shoot and root during seedling growing period showed the most dramatic development between 20th and 25th day after temporary planting. Root number increased as pot depth decrease and total root length and dry weight increased as pot depth increase. In 5cm pot, relative multiplication rate was higher and mean extension rate was lower than other depth of Pot. The limitation of pot volume in which rhizosphere was located enhance the development of roots of second and third order. At 20th days after temporary Planting root distribution was relatively uniform in length and development of adventitious root on stem base was poor as Pot depth decreased.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2001

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of ridge height, planting density, and irrigation in order to establish its cultural practices for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. Seedlings were grown under low ridge(20cm) and high ridge(40cm) in low density plot(60$\times$30cm) and high density plot(40$\times$30cm), respectively. The low ridge cultivation of large seedlings increased plant height and root length under low density, and stem and root diameter under high density compared to the high ridge cultivation. In the high ridge cultivation, high density plot was 1.1 to 1.3 times in plant height, root length, stem and root diameter as high as low density one. Fresh and dry weight of plant and root in high ridge were 1.3 to 1.5 times as high as those in low one. The growth of small seedlings(4~10g) were generally poor compared to that of large seedlings. High density plot in low ridge showed the good growth characteristics including plant height, root length, stem and root diameter, and number of branch. High density plot was 1.4 to 1.6 times in fresh and dry weight of plant and root as high as low density plot. In the seasonal changes of growth under various irrigation regimes, the twice irrigation a day produced the more number of leaf than the other regimes since around 46 days after transplanting. The former irrigation resulted in 1.2 to 1.4 times in plant height as long as the other irrigations around 26 days after transplanting and then the difference was increased to 1.6 to 2.0 times around 64 days after transplanting. Under the twice irrigation a day, plant height, root length, stem diameter, root diameter, number of leaf, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight were 1.6 to 2.0, 1.1, 1.2 to 1.6, 1.3 to 1.8, 1.9 to 2.7, 1.7 to 8.0, 1.6 to 2.8,2.0 to 3.0, 1.6 to 2.7 times as high as those under the other irrigation regimes, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.400-404
• /
• 2003

This study was to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on the germination, nutrient concentrations and growth of spinach and radish. Both the spinach and radish seeds exhibited relatively higher germination rates in response to the low doses of gamma irradiation compared to the non -irradiated control. Leaf DW of the radish did not respond to gamma irradiation but that of the spinach increased significantly in response to a gamma radiation of 4 Gy (P< 0.05). Leaf growth parameters of the spinach including the leaf area and SLA (leaf area/leaf dry weight) also demonstrated increased responses to gamma irradiation. R/S (root dry weight/shoot dry weight), root DW and root length of the spinach exhibited a positive response to gamma irradiation while those of the radish did not. In contrast, SRL (root length/root dry weight) significantly decreased with gamma irradiation at 8 Gy for the spinach, but not for the radish. The tissue nitrogen concentrations of the spinach showed an increased response to gamma irradiation while that of the radish did not. Furthermore, higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were found in the irradiated spinach, but not in the irradiated radish. It seems that the non-specific physiological and/or biochemical activities of spinach might be accelerated by gamma irradiation, possibly accounting for the stimulation of nutrient uptake from the root media and early biomass accumulation in the current study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.384-393
• /
• 2021

Recently, due to environmental and toxicity issues, there has been increasing attention on research regarding natural products that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Wood extracts derived from the biorefining process contain various fertilizer ingredients. HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar. The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study. After two weeks, the growth characteristics of lettuce as affected by wood extract or water-soluble fertilizers were significantly different. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant). The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant). From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2000

${\gamma}-Radiation$ at very low doses frequently has a stimulating or hormetic effect on the growth of organism. Effects of low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation on the root growth of soybean cultivars were investigated and hormetic effects by environmental conditions were compared with the occurrence of increased economic yield, seeds of cultivars were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20Gy$ and cultivated in growth chamber controling temperature, humidity, light, greenhouse and field respectively. To understand hormetic effect on root growth of cultivars and the difference of hormetic effect by cultivation environment, harvested root of soybean cultivars were scanned with image file, and root surface area, root length, root average diameter etc. were examined by WinRhizo program. Also, dry weight of cultivars was examined. Root growth and dry weight of soybean cultivars showed apparently hormetic effect at cultivation of growth chamber condition. In field experiment executed for whole life cycle, yields of pea were not different significantly in each ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars but weight of one hundred peas increased in whole ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars. Increment of yield was assumed to be induced through shortening of maturing stage caused by ${\gamma}-ray$ hormesis in early growth stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information for the salt stress of Italian Ryegrass. Fourteen cultivars including 7 diploid and 7 tetraploid were subjected to eight levels of NaCl treatments during germination and early seedling stages. Germination percentage decreased remarkably over 300mM of NaCl concentration. The NaCl concentration that inhibited germination of 50% of the viable seeds in the cultivars was 344mM. The decreasing degree of germination percentage was higher in tetraploid type than in diploid type. The varietal difference of germination percentage was shown to be very conspicuous as the NaCl concentration increased. Top dry weight in 166 mM NaCl was decreased by 50% compared with that of control. Inhibition of NaCl appeared to be more in early seedling stage than in germination stage. Top dry weight of cultivars in NaCl stress was not related with germination capacity. Root dry weight in 148mM NaCl decreased by 50% compared with that of control. Root dry weight of cultivars was significantly correlated with top dry weight in NaCl treatment. Top dry weight and root dry weight was higher in diploid type than in tetraploid type at each 8 levels of NaCl concentration. Total chlorophyll content increased with the increase of NaCl concentration and the degree of increase in chlorophyll a was higher than that in chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a was higher in tetraploid type than in diploid type. But chlorophyll b was higher in diploid type than in tetraploid type. There were significant correlation between chlorophyll a and top dry weight of cultivars over 150mM of NaCl concentration. Free proline content accumulated remarkably in NaCl treatment compared with control and was not difference between diploid type and tetraploid type. Free proline content of cultivars was not related with top dry weight in NaCl treatment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.299-306
• /
• 2010

The use of local seed provenance is often recommended in forest restoration. Early vigor is a combination of the performance of seed germination and emergence after planting. The ability of young Brant's oak plants to grow and develop after emergence and its dependence on local habitat conditions was investigated in this study. The effects of seed source and shade on early growing seedlings of Brant's oak (Quercus brantii L.) were determined in field measurements. Seeds of Quercus brantii L. were collected from 4 forest areas (seed sources) in southern Zagros (Provinces of Kohkilouyeh-Bouyer Ahmad and Fars) at altitudes of 850, 1,100, 1,500, 2,100 m a.s.l., and planted in a nursery constructed in southwestern Iran. According to a split-plot design consisting of four blocks, each containing two main treatment plots (no shading, partial shading), each main plot was sub-divided into four sub-plots (for elevations of 850, 1,100, 1,500 and 2,100 m). Results showed that shade treatments had significant effects on emergence percentage and rate, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area (LA), and chlorophyll content. Ecological factors also had an effect on seed performance. Altitude of seed source had a very significant effect on root length, LA, SDW, and RDW. The seeds collected from 850 m a.s.l. elevation showed the highest performance, especially in leaf area, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Our results showed that the altitude of 850 m a.s.l. was the best for collecting Brant's oak seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the growth and nodulation characters of hypernodulating soy-bean mutant, SS2-2, and to know the growth and yield performance of the mutant in infertile soil. Soil fertility was adjusted by mixing the different ratios of soil components including clay, river sand, and horticultural bed, which resulted in fertile and infertile soil. Dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and leaf nitrate reductase of each plant were measured around V6 stage (47 days after planting) and around R3 stage (82 days after planting). There were significant effects of soil fertility and soybean genotype on the total dry weights including root, nodule, stem, leaf, and pod dry weight at V6 and R3 stages. Total dry weight of hypernodulating mutant, SS2-2, was clearly less than that of its wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2. However, nodule development on the roots of SS2-2 was much greater than that of Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of soil fertility. Though SS2-2 was smaller in plant size than Sinpaldalkong 2, genotypic difference in total nitrogen content was not significant at both V6 and R3 stages because SS2-2 fixed more nitrogen biologically than its wild type in the root nodule. The SS2-2 mutant showed lower plant yield in both infertile and fertile soil. The SS2-2 contained more crude seed protein than Sinpaldalkong 2, and was characterized with reduced top and root growth.