• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze the responses of chlorophyll contents and growth of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis seedlings on distance from the well and $CO_2$ flux after the artificial $CO_2$ release. From June 1 to 30, 2016, $CO_2$ gas was injected at the rate of $6L\;min^{-1}$ at the study site in Eumseong. Chlorophyll content was analyzed in the middle of July, 2016, and root collar diameter (RCD), height (H), and biomass were measured in May and December, 2016 after planting 2-year-old P. densiflora and 1-year-old Q. variabilis seedlings in May, 2015. The chlorophyll content of P. densiflora seedlings did not show a significant correlation with $CO_2$ flux, whereas the chlorophyll content of Q. variabilis seedlings showed a significant negative correlation with increasing $CO_2$ flux (P<0.05). The RCD and H growth rates of both species showed the significant difference in the distance from the well of the $CO_2$ anthropogenic release treatment. In particular, the RCD and H growth rate of P. densiflora seedlings and the RCD growth rate of Q. variabilis seedlings increased significantly as the seedlings were closer to the well, but the H growth rate of Q. variabilis seedlings decreased significantly. In addition, as the $CO_2$ concentration in the ground increases, ${\Delta}R/S$ ratio increases in both species, suggesting that the high $CO_2$ concentration in the soil promotes carbon distribution relative to the root part. The results of this study can be used as data necessary to monitor the $CO_2$ leakage and physiological and growth responses of both species to leakage of stored $CO_2$ in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2008

We investigated chlorophyll contents and growth performances of five deciduous hardwood species growing in central temperate zone of Korean forest. Cornus controversa, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Prunus leveilleana, and Acer mono seedlings were grown under four different light intensity regime (full sunlight, $65{\sim}72%$, $29{\sim}40%$, and, $7{\sim}12%$ of the full sunlight) for the experiment. The chlorophyll contents of all of the species were highest in $7{\sim}12%$ of the full sunlight, while lowest under the full sunlight. The relative growth rate of root collar diameter and height were decreased with increasing shading level except for Acer mono that showed the highest relative growth rate under $29{\sim}40%$ of the full sunlight. Total biomass and root volumes of the seedlings studied decreased as the light intensity decreased with different shade levels. For Acer mono, however, the biomass and root volumes were highest in $29{\sim}40%$ of the full sunlight. The relative growth rate of root comparing to shoot decreased as shading increased, and as a result, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass increased. As the shading level increased, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of most species increased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change on the survival and growth performance of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings using open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation. We measured the survival rate, root-collar diameter, and height, and then calculated the seedling quality index (SQI) of 2-year-old seedlings under 6 treatments [2 temperatures (TC: Control; TW: Warming) × 3 precipitation manipulations (PC: Control; PD: Decreased; PI: Increased)] and performed a two-way ANOVA to test for differences.The air temperature of the warming plots was 3℃ higher than that of the control plots, while the precipitation manipulation plots received ±40% of the precipitation received by the control plots. Temperature and precipitation treatments did not significantly affect the survival rate of P. densiflora; however, the SQI of P. densiflora decreased with increasing precipitation. In contrast, the mortality rate of L. kaempferi increased with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. Furthermore, in L. kaempferi, TC × PI treatment resulted in the lowest SQI with a significant interaction effect observed between the two factors. In summary, low seedling production and quality should be expected in P. densiflora as precipitation increases and in L. kaempferi as temperature increases or precipitation decreases. These results indicate species-specific sensitivities to climate change of two plant species at the nursery stage. With the occurrence of global warming, the frequencies of drought and heavy rainfall events are increased, and this could affect the survival and seedling quality of tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nursery techniques by establishing new adaptation strategies based on species-specific growth performance responses.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-220
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the growth response of Pinus densiflora seedling to relatively high day temperature during the container culture in summer season. The experiment was performed with three maximum day temperature regimes, 30~35$^{\circ}C$, 35~40$^{\circ}C$ and above 40$^{\circ}C$ in the PE house. The reduction in plant height was observed since 6 weeks after germination in the seedlings grown at relatively high day temperatures, especially the seedlings at above 40$^{\circ}C$. High temperature also reduced the root collar diameter during growth of the seedlings, therefore 17.3% of the reduction was observed in the seedlings grown at above 40$^{\circ}C$ compared with the seedlings at 30~35$^{\circ}C$. The dry weight of the seedlings grown for 16 weeks was apparently reduced by elevated dat temperature in the PE house, and the seedlings at relatively high day temperature resulted in increased T/R ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the growth and physiological response of shade intolerant and intermediate tree seedlings to enhanced UV-$B_{BE}$(biologically effective UV-B) radiation. The seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara(shade intolerant species) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance(shade intermediate species) were treated with one of the three levels of UV-$B_{BE}$ dosages - ambient UV-$B_{BE}$, ambient+3.2, and ambient+$5.2\;KJ\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$) for 14 weeks in the field condition. Height and root collar diameter growth, leaf area, and biomass production of the seedlings of two species were reduced by enhanced UV-B radiation. Leaf stomatal resistance to water vapor of the F. rhynchophylla seedling was increased by the UV-B increment. The reductions in total chlorophyll and carotenoid were more apparent in the F. rhynchophylla than B. platyphylla seedling. There was no statistically significant changes in the concentration of UV-B absorbing compound($A_{300}$) in the leaves of the two species among the UV-B treatment. However the $A_{300}$ tented to be increased in F. rhynchophylla by enhanced UV-B radiation. These results indicate that the growth and the physiological and biochemical responses between B. platyphylla and F. rhynchophylla were different to enhanced UV-B environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 1993

Effects of paper mill sludge-fertilizers were investigated on the growth performances of tree seedlings under field conditions. Two types of sludge-fertilizers applied were an organic sludge compost and a processed sludge-pellet fertilizer strengthened with several components of organic and inorganic nutrients. Three species of tree seedlings studied were ibota privet(Ligustrum obtusifolium) and yellow poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera) of 1-0 year seedlings and also eastern white pine(Pinus strobus) of 2-2 year seedlings. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of plot soil treated with sludge compost+sludge-pellet fertilizer+sludge-pellet fertilizer plot were increased to 8 times and 2.6 times as those of control plot, respectively. The growth performances of root collar diameter and seedling height were repeatedly measured up to five times through the growing season and the results were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance of randomized block design and Duncan's multiple range test. The growth performances of dry weight were measured after last fifth measurements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to find optimal water condition of containerized seedling production of two tropical species for high seedling quality. This study was conducted to investigate photosynthesis, water use efficiency(WUE), Stomatal conductance(gs) and growth performances of containerized seedlings of Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia mangium growing under three different irrigation periods (1 time/1 day, 1 time/2 days and 1 time/3 days). E. pellita showed outstanding photosynthetic capacities at 1time/1day irrigation and A. mangium showed good photosynthetic capacity at all treatments. As irrigation period were shortened, gs of two species increased, while WUE of two species decreased. Root collar diameter and height of two species were the highest at 1 time/1 day irrigation, while the lowest at 1 time/3 days irrigation. As irrigation period were shortened, H/D ratio, biomass and seedling quality index (DQI) of two species increased but T/R ratio of two species showed the opposite tendency. These results showed that 1 time/1 day irrigation is optimal water condition of containerized seedling production of two tropical species and irrigation controlling is very important for growth and seedling quality of containerized seedling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.480-487
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• 2006

This study was conducted to improve the germination percent and germination speed by seed priming using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8,000 solution on Acer mono seed because it has low and irregular germination characteristics. Seed priming was carried out under 0, -0.25, -0.5, -1.0 and -2.0 MPa of water potential at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Primed seeds showed higher percent germination, germination speed, mean germination time (MGT) and germination performance index (GPI) than unprimed seeds. Especially, primed seed with -2.0 MPa of water potential had the highest germination properties. And primed seeds had a lower dormancy than the unprimed seeds. Relative growth rate and T/R ratio of seedling from primed seeds were measured to survey the effect of seed priming on the seedling vigor as well as seed germination. The seedlings from primed seeds at -2.0 MPa of water potential showed the highest relative growth rates of height and root collar diameter, however, the lowest value in T/R ratio. This study suggested that seeds priming at -2.0 MPa of water potential under $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days enhanced not only the percent germination, germination speed, MGT and GPI but also the vigor and growth of seedlings in Acer mono.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on physiological characteristics and growth of Populus sibirica seedlings in a semi-arid area, Mongolia. 2-year-old P. sibirica seedlings were planted in May, 2015 with applications of urea 5 g (N1), 15 g (N2), 30 g (N3) and ammonium sulfate 33 g (NS; same nitrogen amount with N2) to each seedling. Chlorophyll contents were significantly different among treatments in August, but not in June and July. The lower chlorophyll contents in August than those in June and July might be related to leaf senescence. In June and July, net photosynthetic rate was higher in NS and N2 than in the control. Unlike the tendency of photosynthesis, transpiration rate was highest in N2, but lower in NS than in any other nitrogen treatments. Relative growth rate of root collar diameter was significantly higher only in NS than in the control and it of height did not differ among treatments. Leaf area in nitrogen treatments was not significantly different from that in the control. Ammonium sulfate seemed to be more suitable fertilizer than urea for the early growth of P. sibirica seedlings in the study site. However, as the effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on soils and seedlings were different, further studies would be necessary to determine the optimal amount of ammonium sulfate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, $30g/m^2$; fused superphosphate, $70g/m^2$; potassium chloride, $15g/m^2$), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.