• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Antioxidant activities of Ulmus davidiana root and bark extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant tests, including DPPH radical-scavenging, nitric oxide-scavenging, superoxide anion radical-scavenging, and ABTS radical-scavenging assays, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and reducing power analysis, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Both the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities by these testing methods. Ulmus davidiana root extract possessed strong reducing power and nitric oxide-scavenging activity, and high scavenging activities against free radicals including the superoxide anion, and the ABTS and DPPH radicals, but a weaker scavenging activity of SOD. In contrast, the Ulmus davidiana bark extract exhibited a strong SOD-like activity, but all the other activities were weak. It was observed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Ulmus davidiana root extract were higher than those of the Ulmus davidiana bark extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2007

Growth and DNA synthesis inhibitory effects of extracts from root bark of Ulmus parvifolia on MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells, HT-29 human colon cancer cells and K-562 leukemia cancer cells were studied. The root bark extract of Ulmus parvifolia was extracted with methanol, hot water and juice. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory effect on growth of MG-63, HT-29 and K-562 cancer cells by >85%. The treatment of hot water and juice extracts from root bark of Ulmus parvifolia also inhibited growth of the above cancer cells with increasing concentration. DNA synthesis of MG-63 and HT-29 cancer cells was significantly inhibited by adding methanol, hot water and juice extracts from root bark of Ulmus parvifolia with increasing concentration, showing that the inhibitory effect of growth was more effective on HT-29 cancer cells. These results suggest that the methanol extract from root bark of Ulmus parvifolia may have specific active com-pounds on anticancer effect. The hot water extract also showed a strong inhibitory effect on growth of cancer cells, indicating that the active compounds may be stable to heat.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.383-388
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• 2005

This study reports that the effect of Mori radicis cortex, Mulberry root-bark, on the lipid peroxidation products formation in the liver, blood serum and atherosclerosis of hypercholesterolemia rabbits fed Mulberry root-bark for eight weeks. The rabbits were permitted a fixed quantity to extract of Mulberry root-bark mixed hypercholesterol fodder. The lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly diminished. Total cholesterol in serum worthily decreased. Also, triglyceride and high density lipoproteins (HDLs) increased after feeding Mori radicis cortex. Besides, thicky atheromatous plaque on the wall of aorta of rabbits fed on hypercholesterol diet were markedly attenuated by Mulberry root-bark extract. These results support and substantiate the extract of Mulberry root-bark as protection against lipid peroxidation in the liver, blood serum and atherosclerosis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2017

Pseudolaric acids of Pseudolarix kaempferi (Pinaceae) have been known as diterpenoids with potent anti-fungal-, anti-microbial, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the five MeOH extracts were prepared from the five plant part (root bark, stem bark, leaf, the inner part of root, and cone) to find the relation between the concentration of pseudolaric acids and cytotoxicity. Pseudolaric acids B and C were isolated from the root bark of P. kaempferi to use them as standard compounds. The five extracts were tested on cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), HCT116 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), SNU638 (stomach), and SK-hep-1 (liver) by SRB assay, but against K562 (leukemia) by SRB- or MTT assay. HPLC quantification were performed on a Shisheido Capcell PAK C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6mm{\times}250mm$) using 254 nm wavelength. The cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$, $0.36{\mu}g/ml$ on K562 cell lines) of the root bark extract was potent and the content (101.1 mg/g extract) of pseudolaric acid B was very high in the root bark. These results suggest that the MeOH extract obtained from the root bark could be developed as the anti-cancer agent with a high quantity of pseudolaric acid B.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Mulberry root bark is one of potential plant sources for antioxidant materials which can be used for the relief of oxidative stress. To explore the effects of solvent type and temperature on the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of the root bark extracts, we prepared various extracts of mulberry root bark (Morus alba L.) using 0 - 100 % ethanol (EtOH) at RT - 100℃. EtOH concentration and temperature critically affected the extraction yields, the content of bioactive components, and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Use of high content of EtOH solvent and low temperature resulted in the low extraction yield. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the extract prepared using absolute EtOH at room temperature contained polyphenols and flavonoids with the highest contents among other extracts. Interestingly, the temperature differently affected the polyphenol and flavonoid contents according to the solvent types. In the case of 30% EtOH solvent, polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with an increase in temperature, whereas in the case of 70 and 100 % EtOH, these contents decreased. Using the radical scavenging assay, it was confirmed that the 100% EtOH extracts had higher antioxidant activity compared to distilled water (DW) extracts regardless of temperature. Also, heating might extract more antioxidant components from the root bark. Especially, the extract prepared using 30% EtOH solvent at 100℃ showed the highest antioxidant activity. Taken together, these experimental results imply that the extraction parameters should be designed carefully considering the productivity, the extracted bioactive components, and antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2000

The biological activities of water, ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts from Acanthopanax root bark were compared. 94% of Hep3B cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. It was also showed that above 90% of A549 cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts. The 50% ethanol extracts of A. sessiliflorum root bark showed that the extracts selectivity were from 1.5 to 3.4 by adding all samples. For screening immunomodulating activities, Jurkat(T-cell) was showed that the cell growth and viability were more increased and activited 275% by adding the 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. The result of anti-mutagenicity of 50% ethanol extracts of A. senticosus root bark was most effective than any other samples. The enhancement of glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased 241% by adding 1.0g/L 1 : 1 extracts of A. senticosus root bark. 72% of oxidation was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.380-384
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• 2006

Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were fed a diet containing basal (control), cellulose (5%), or alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) (5%) extracted from the stem and root barks of elm (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Nakai) for 4 weeks. The effects of the diets, on gastrointestinal functions and morphology were evaluated. The weight gains, food intake, and food efficiencies for the cellulose and AIR diet-fed groups were not significantly different from those of the AIR-free (basal) diet. The gastrointestinal transit times of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the basal diet, and were slower than those of the cellulose diet. The fecal weights of the stem and root bark AIR diets were significantly increased (p<0.01) up to 4-fold compared to those of the basal diet. The height of the mucosal villi, and mucosal and muscle layer thicknesses of the colon were greater and more developed in the stem and root bark AIR diets (p<0.01) than in the basal diet. The villus heights in the jejunum and the colon mucosal goblet cells were more developed in the order of cellulose > stem bark AIR > root bark AIR diets.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.125-128
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• 1985

From the root bark of Dictamus albus (Rutaceae) five furoquinoline alkaloids, robustine, dictamine, ${\gamma}-fagarine$, skimmianine and haplopine were isolated and characterized by spectral data.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 1996

The root and stem bark of Eleutherococcus spp. is used for the treatment of paralysis, rheumatism, arthritis, diabetes, stamina failure, high blood pressure, etc. This study was con­ducted to identify botanical origins and to select standard variety of Eleutherococcus spp. with analyzing eleutheroside E content(%) of root bark and that of Eleutherococcus senticosus at different collected area, time, part and grown area. The content of eleutheroside E in the root bark was determined by HPLC, and it was 0.1925% in Eleutherococcus senticosus, 0.1103% in E. chiisanensis, 0.0348% in E. koreanum and 0.0236% in E. sieboldianum. In seasonal change of eleutheroside E content, it was higher in autumn product than summer product in Eleutherococcus senticosus. It also was higher in root bark than stem bark in different part. To investigate eleutheroside E content of root bark among different collected local area in E. sen­ticosus, it was high order to Mt. Deokyu, Hokkaido and Mt. Seolak as a 0.1625%. 0.0493% and 0.027 %, respectively. The growth of Eleutherococcus senticosus was good at grown Unbong (altitude 10m), but eleu­theroside E content was high at grown Nogodan (altitude 1, 450m).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1990

To make clear the changes of the amount of reserve substances in the bark of stem and root of mulberry graftages after planting, studies were carried with mulberry graftages classified into three groups of 7.0-7.9mm, 9.0-9.9mm and 11.0-11.9mm in diameter of stems at 3cm above their base. The results obtained were as follow : 1. The dry weight of stem and root bark gradually decreased with growth of new shoots till about five weeks after planting, and from then it increased. 2. The duration of new shoots growth depending on the reserve substance was limited for 6-7 weeks after planting. In no fertilized group, the length of new shoots increased up to 6-7 weeks, form then decrease. 3. Dry leaf yield three weeks after planting was found to be no difference in the same diameter of saplings between with and without fertilization. 4. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves was higher in thicker group and in fertilized group than thinner and no fertilized one, respectively. 5. There was no difference in the amount of carbohydrates of the bark of stem and root among the stem diameters. There was a transient increase in the amount of total sugar in the bark of stem and root in the first three weeks after planting, followed by gradual decline up to five weeks. The amount of reducing sugar in the bark of stem and root increased both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to three weeks after planting, and then it decreased. There was a gradual decline in the content of starch in the bark of stem and root both in fertilized and in no fertilized group up to five weeks after planting, followed by gradual increase.