• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제76권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1987

잣나무의 유묘기(幼苗期) 생육(生育)에 있어 광(光)과 단근(斷根) 처리(處理)에 따른 이식후(移植後) 생장(生長)에 미치는 몇 가지 영향(影響)에 대하여 조사(調査), 비교(比較) 하였다. 기(其) 결과(結果) 묘목(苗木)의 활착율(活着率)은 상대광도(相對光度)가 낮은 19%구(區)가 가장 높았고, 단근량(斷根量)은 1/2 이상(以上)이 되면 50% 이상(以上)이 감소(減少)되었다. 지상부(地上部), 지하부(地下部) 및 묘경생장(苗徑生長)은 상대광도(相對光度) 100%에서, 그리고 단근(斷根) 1/4 처리구(處理區)가 가장 양호(良好)하였다. 또한 엽속수(葉束數) 및 엽면적(葉面積)은 상대광도(相對光度) 63%구(區)가, 그리고 단근(斷根) 1/4 처리구(處理區)가 가장 크게 나타났다. 따라서 잣나무 유묘생장(幼苗生長)에 미치는 광도(光度)의 영향(影響)은 비교적(比較的) 높았으나 단근량(斷根量)의 효과(效果)는 극(極)히 적게 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 1996

길경의 화색에 따른 생육특성과 수량 및 품질에 차이가 나타나는지 그리고 재배년차에 따른 길경의 뿌리생육과 수량 및 사포닌과 정유함량 등에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 백화길경이 자화길경에 비해 줄기수, 꼬투리수, 초장, 종자수량과 같은 지상부 생육과 생근중, 건근중, 근장 및 근직경 등과 같은 뿌리 형질에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의차는 없었다. 또한 사포닌 함량이나 정유 함량에도 차이가 없었다. 2. 2년생과 3년생에서 초장은 차이가 없었으나 개체당 줄기수와 꼬투리수는 3년생에서 많았다. 생근중, 근장 및 근직경은 3년생에서 높았다. 사포닌 함량과 정유함량은 2년생과 3년생간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사포닌 함량은 2년생, 3년생 모두에서 5월에 채취한 것이 가장 높았고 9월에 채취한 것이 가장 낮았다. 정유함량은 8월에 채취한 것이 가장 높은 함량을 보였고 4월에 채취한 것이 가장 낮았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 1977

The variation of the amount of starch, size and shape of the starch granules, amylose content, and blue value of the starch in the Korean ginseng roots from one year old to five year old cultivated at Kumsan was studied. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The starch content of the ginseng root(dried) was increased with the age of the root; that is, 9.62% for one-year-old roots, 10.35% for two-year-old root, 15.50% for three-year-old root, 17.05% for four-year-old root, and 18.32% for five-year-old root. 2) The shape of the ginseng starch granules was round or short oval, and in the latter case the ratio of minor axis to major axis was 1 to 1.1. Diameter of the starch granules was in the range of $1.48\;{\mu}\;to\;8.14\;{\mu}$ and the most frequent granule size was $3\;{\mu}\;(32.1{\sim}35.7%)$. The number of big size starch granules was increased during the five years of growing, while, the number of small size granules was decreased. 3) The amylose content in the ginseng starch was varied with the age of the root, in the range of $53.6{\sim}70.5%$. 4. The blue value of the ginseng starch was in the range of 0.60 to 0.71.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2021

Objective: This outcome analysis study evaluated the actual positions of the orthodontic miniplate and miniplate anchoring screws (MPASs) and the risk factors affecting adjacent anatomic structures after miniplate placement in the mandibular incisal area. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 97 orthodontic miniplates and their 194 MPASs (diameter, 1.5 mm; length, 4 mm) in patients whose miniplates provided sufficient clinical stability for orthodontic treatment were retrospectively reviewed. For evaluating the actual positions of the miniplates and analyzing the risk factors, including the effects on adjacent roots, MPAS placement height (PH), placement depth (PD), plate angle (PA), mental fossa angle (MA), and root proximity were assessed using the paired t-test, analysis of variance, and generalized linear model and regression analyses. Results: The mean PDs of MPASs at positions 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) were 2.01 mm and 2.23 mm, respectively. PA was significantly higher in the Class III malocclusion group than in the other groups. PH was positively correlated with MA and PD at P1. Of the 97 MPASs at P1, 49 were in the no-root area and 48 in the dentulous area; moreover, 19 showed a degree of root contact (19.6%) without root perforation. All MPASs at P2 were in the no-root area. Conclusions: Positioning the miniplate head approximately 1 mm lower than the mucogingival junction is highly likely to provide sufficient PH for the P1-MPASs to be placed in the no-root area.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제101권4호
• /
• pp.722-728
• /
• 2012

기후변화는 생태계 구조와 기능에 영향을 미치고, 특히 기온 상승은 광합성과 생장기간을 변화시켜 식물의 생장에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 실외 실험적 온난화가 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis) 묘목의 생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 1-0 묘목을 2010년 4월에 식재하고, 2010년 11월부터 적외선등을 이용하여 온난화 처리구의 기온을 대조구보다 $3^{\circ}C$ 증가시켰다. 2011년 3월과 2012년 6월에 묘고와 근원경을 각각 측정하였고, 2011년과 2012년 3월에 지상부 및 지하부 생물량을 각각 조사하였다. 묘고 및 근원경은 온난화 처리구에서 대조구보다 높았으며, 2011년 3월 근원경을 제외하고 차이는 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 굴참나무 묘목의 생장량(mm)은 온난화 처리구 (묘고: $529{\pm}30$, 근원경: $5.6{\pm}0.5$)에서 대조구(묘고: $464{\pm}28$, 근원경: $4.5{\pm}0.4$)보다 높았으며, 근원경 생장량에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 생물량 증가량(g/year)의 경우도 온난화 처리구(총 생물량: $36.88{\pm}6.52$, 지상부: $11.91{\pm}3.44$, 지하부: $24.97{\pm}3.73$)에서 대조구(총 생물량: $30.59{\pm}5.51$, 지상부: $8.73{\pm}1.66$, 지하부: $21.86{\pm}3.88$)보다 높았으나, 온난화 처리구와 대조구간 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 온난화 처리에 따른 굴참나무 묘목의 생장 및 생물량 증가 경향은 생장기간과 봄철 순광합성률 증가와 관련이 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1988

남부지방에서 황금의 직파재배시 재식밀도가 생육과 품질 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 적정 재식거리를 확립하고자 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초장은 밀식일수록 크고, 소식일수록 짧아서 재식주수와 초장은 고도의 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 2. 경직경과 분지수는 소식일수 크고 밀식일수록 적었다. 3. 수량구성요소인 주당 근장과 건근중은 재식주수가 많을수록 감소되어 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 10a당 건근중은 재식주수가 많은 밀식구에서 증가되는 경향이었다. 4. 품질은 밀식에서는 1개 건근중이 가벼워 상품비율이 낮았으나, 소식에서는 1개 건근중이 무거워 상품비율이 높았다. 이상과 같은 결과로 보아 30$\times$10cm(33주/m$^2$)가 상품비율이 높고 1개 건근중도 무거워 알맞은 재식거리로 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2012

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various organic substrates on growth and yield of ginseng seedling grown organically in the closed plastic house. The pH and EC of substrates used for organically ginseng cultivation ranged 5.93~6.78 and 0.03~0.15 dS/m respectively. The concentrations $NH_4$-N and $NO_3$-N respectively was 14.01~68.63 mg/L, 5.60~58.83 mg/L. The average quantum of the closed plastic house was range from 10 to 16% of natural light. In July and August, the maximum temperature of the closed plastic house did not exceed 30 and the average temperature was maintained within 25 lower than the field because air conditioning ran. The PPV-1 and PPV-2 bed soil substrates produced higher stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight and leaf area than those of conventional culture. In PPV-2 bed soil substrates, root fresh weight and root diameter was the highest. The root fresh weight of PPV-2 bed soil substrates in closed plastic house was maximum 25% heavier than the conventional cultivation. The results of this experiment will be utilized for making new substrate application for organic ginseng culture in the plastic house.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.184-189
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to have the basic and applied informations relating to increase the productivity and quality of ginseng. 2 years-old ginseng was cultivated under hydroponic culture with the controlled environment conditions in a greenhouse. Major growth characters and yields were investigated with two different temperatures and several growth stages. The plant height and stem diameter were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. They were not clearly different with six different growth stages. The root length was not clearly different between two temperatures; however it was continuously grown from June until August. The root diameter was higher at low temperature than that at high temperature. It was rapidly increased from June until August. The length, width, and area of leaf were higher at low temperature than those at high temperature. The fresh and dry weights of different plant tissues were also heavier at low temperature than those at high temperature. The moisture content of ginseng root was continuously decreased from June until August. The yield of ginseng was higher at low temperature compared to that at high temperature. The cultivating conditions in hydroponic culture of ginseng, especially temperature, would be an important factor to have better growth and production.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. To assess the retention of glass fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement into optimum and over-prepared root canals following obturation in the presence of either eugenol (EB) or calcium hydroxide (CB)-based sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Roots of extracted premolars were endodontically-treated in 5 groups (n = 10). Roots of Group 1 (control) were left with no obturation and then optimally prepared to receive endodontic dowels. Other root canals were obturated with gutta-percha in the presence of either eugenol-based (Groups 2 and 4) or calcium hydroxide-based (Groups 3 and 5) sealer. Dowel spaces were prepared with optimal diameter in Groups 2 and 3, one size larger in Groups 4 and 5. Standardized fiber posts were luted to the prepared spaces using self-adhesive resin cement and its retention was then tested on an universal testing machine. Both one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD comparisons (${\alpha}$=0.05) were used to identify the significance of inter-group retention differences. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of both optimally and over-prepared dowel spaces was also considered to figure the nature of their interior out. RESULTS. The post retention was significantly higher to the non-obturated, optimally-prepared dowel spaces of Group 1 compared to the obturated, optimally-prepared ones of Groups 2 and 3. For each dowel space diameter, root canals obturated using CB of Groups 3 and 5 showed significantly higher dowel retention compared to those obturated using EB of Groups 2 and 4. Post retention to the over-prepared dowel spaces of Groups 4 and 5 was significantly higher than that recorded for the optimally-prepared ones of Groups 1-3. SEM images revealed traces of endodontic sealer and gutta-percha on the walls of the optimally-prepared dowel spaces. CONCLUSION. Despite the adverse effect of endodontic sealers on the retention of fiber posts, the over-preparation of dowel spaces helps to improve the retention.