• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the density of gutta-percha root fillings obturated with the following techniques: cold lateral (CL) compaction, ultrasonic lateral (UL) compaction, and warm vertical (WV) compaction. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three extracted mandibular first molars, with two separate mesial canals in each, were selected. After instrumentation, the canals were stratified into three groups based on canal length and curvature, and underwent obturation with one of the techniques. No sealer was used in order to avoid masking any voids. The teeth were imaged pre- and post-obturation using micro-computed tomography. The reconstructed three-dimensional images were analyzed volumetrically to determine the amount of gutta-percha present in every 2 mm segment of the canal. P values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The overall mean volume fraction of gutta-percha was $68.51{\pm}6.75%$ for CL, $86.56{\pm}5.00%$ for UL, and $88.91{\pm}5.16%$ for WV. Significant differences were found between CL and UL and between CL and WV (p < 0.05), but not between UL and WV (p = 0.526). The gutta-percha density of the roots treated with WV and UL increased towards the coronal aspect, but this trend was not noted in the CL group. Conclusions: WV compaction and UL compaction produced a significantly denser gutta-percha root filling than CL compaction. The density of gutta-percha was observed to increase towards the coronal aspect when the former two techniques were used.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.34.1-34.7
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study evaluated by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) the filling ability and sealer apical extrusion promoted by a new Sealer Injection System (SIS; Angelus) with side openings needle, in comparison with the conventional injection system, associated with a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer). Materials and Methods: Acrylic resin models containing a main curved artificial canal and 3 simulated lateral canals in apical, middle and cervical thirds were used. The main root canals were prepared using a rotary system up to size 35.05. The canals were filled with Bio-C sealer by using a single cone technique and the conventional delivery system or SIS. Samples were scanned in micro-CT. The percentage of voids throughout the entire extension of the main root canal and in each third of the lateral canals, besides the apical extrusion of the sealer was calculated. Data were submitted to t-test (p < 0.05). Results: There was no difference between both systems in the main root canals filling. Although the volume percentage of voids was similar in the apical and middle thirds of lateral canals, SIS had the greatest filling ability of the cervical third lateral canal. Moreover, the conventional system showed the highest apical extrusion of the sealer. Conclusions: The conventional and SIS obturation systems had an appropriate filling ability of the main root canal. SIS had the best filling of the cervical third of the lateral canals, besides lower sealer apical extrusion, suggesting its clinical indication.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.521-529
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping time of two shaping methods and the leakage of three different obturation techniques. Ninty three canaled human molar teeth were used, which were randomly divided into two groups of forty teeth each and ten control teeth. After working length determination, the one group was prepared crown-down technique using rotary root canal instruments of GT rotary files .12/20, .10/20, .08/20 and .06/20 taper(Maillefer Instrument SA. Switzerland). The other group was instrumented with Gates Glidden burs(#1, #2, and #3) to coronal preparation and GT rotary files .08/20 and .06/30 taper to apical preparation. Shaping time was measured. After root canals were instrumented, they were divided to three subgroups and obturated as follows : Subgroup 1, obturated with single cone method Subgroup 2, obturated with lateral condensation : Subgroup 3, obturated with continuous wave technique. Three subgroups were obturated using non-standardized gutta-percha cone(Diadent, Korea, .06 or .08 taper) and AH-26(Dentsply DeTrey, Germany) as a root canal cement. Ten unobturated teeth served as positive and negative controls. After immersion in 2% methylene blue solution for 1 month, the teeth were washed during 24h. The teeth were demineralized in 10% nitric acid and dehydrated by immersion in 80, 90 and 100% ethyl alcohol. The teeth were finally cleared and stored in 100% methylsalicylate, and apical dye penetration was evaluated under stereomicroscope(Leica M420, LC, U.S.A)at $\times$8.75 magnification. Liner measurement of dye penetration was assessed with the use of digitalized image analysing system (analySIS, GmbH, Germany) The data were analysed statistically using independent T-test and Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The result were as follows 1. In canal prepared with GT$^{TM}$ rotary file, shaphing time taked more than the group of using Gates Glidden drill to coronal preparation without statistical significance (p>0.05) 2. The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT$^{TM}$ rotary files showed significantly more apical leakage than those of lateral condensation and continuous wave technique regardless of shaping method (p<0.05). 3 The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT$^{TM}$ rotary files and Gates Glidden drill showed significantly more apical leakage than those of continuous wave technique regardless of shaping method (p<0.05). 4. Regardless of shaping method, The group of continuous wave obturation showed less apical leakage than those of lateral condensation without statistical significance (p>0.05). 5. The group of single cone obturation using canal preparation of GT$^{TM}$ rotary files and Gates Glidden drill showed more apical leakage than the group of lateral condensation using same shaping method with-out statistical significance (p＞0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the two warm gutta-percha filling techniques by measuring the weight changes of resin blocks before and after canal filling in ribbon shaped canal. Simulated ribbon shaped root canals in 30 transparent resin blocks were instrumented to #40 using .06 taper Profile. 15 resin blocks were obturated with gutta-percha using cold lateral condensation. Warm lateral condensation using the Endotec II was then accomplished on the same 15 blocks. Another 15 resin blocks were obturated using the System B. All canals were obturated without sealer. The resin blocks were weighed after canal preparation and after each subsequent obturation, and then weight changes of the resin blocks were calculated The results were as follows. 1. Warm lateral condensation using Endotec II and continuous wave of condensation using System B produced a denser obturation of gutta-percha compared with conventional cold lateral condensation (p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation. In conclusion, the warm gutta-percha condensation techniques like warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation can be expected to bring favorable canal obturation results in ribbon shaped canals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of root canal obturation with or without the use of dentin adhesive system. Forty extracted human teeth with one canal were selected and decoronated. The teeth were divided into two Groups. The obturation procedure of Group 1 was the same as that of Group 2 with the exception of dentin adhesive system. Group 2 were obturated with dentin adhesive system, AH-26, and gutta-percha. After obturation, the teeth were immersed in methylene blue solution for 84 hours. The teeth were sectioned horizontally at 1.5 mm (Level 1), 2.0 mm (Level 2) 2.5 mm (Level 3) from the root apex using a low speed microtome. Distance of dye-penetrated surface and total dentinal surface were measured using SigmaScan Pro 5.0, and the ratio of dye-penetrated distance to the total dentinal distance was analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney U-test. 1. In both groups, the mean leakage ratio was decreased cervically. 2. At level 1, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (p > 0.05). 3. At level 2 and 3, group 1 showed significantly higher mean leakage ratio than group 2 (p < 0.05). The results suggest that using dentin adhesive system in root canal obturation procedure reduces the apical microleakage.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of five obturation methods in conjunction with sealer. Fifty extracted upper and lower anterior teeth were selected and the access cavities were prepared lingually with a round bur. The working length was determined with a #15K file, and the root canals were instrumented with a #40K file 1mm short of the apical foramen. The apical third of root canal was flared by step-back technique and the coronal two thirds of root canal using #2 - 3 Gates Glidden drills. And then, the teeth were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 teeth each. A thin coat of Tubliseal was placed into the canal into the canal using the # 35 reamer and the canals were filled by lateral condensation, vertical condensation, ultrasonic activated lateral condensation, ULTRAFIL injecting, and McSpadden compaction methods. All teeth were stored in 100 % relative humidity at 31c for 48 hours. The roots were suspended in 2 % methylene blue solution for 48 hours, left to dry for 24 hours and then, half side of root was removed longitudinally using the fissure bur. A Boley gauge wes used to measure the distance, to the nearest 0.1mm, from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of dye penetration. The measurement of dye penetration was statistically compared by Duncan's multiple range test The results were as follows 1. Ultrasonic group showed the best sealing ability among the all experimental groups, but there were statistically no significant difference in the sealing ability between ultrasonic group and vertical condensation group. 2. There were no statistically significant difference in the sealing ability among the lateral, vertical, and ultrasonic groups. 3. McSpadden group showed the worst sealing ability among the all exprimental groups.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.18.1-18.9
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the presence of residual root canal filling material after retreatment using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Extracted human teeth (single- and double-rooted, n = 21/each; C-shaped, n = 15) were prepared with ProFile and randomly assigned to three subgroups for obturation with gutta-percha and three different sealers (EndoSeal MTA, EndoSequence BC sealer, and AH Plus). After 10 days, the filling material was removed and the root canals were instrumented one size up from the previous master apical file size. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after retreatment. The percentage of remaining filling material after retreatment was calculated at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni post hoc correction. Results: The tested sealers showed no significant differences in the percentage of remaining filling material in single- and double-rooted teeth, although EndoSeal MTA showed the highest value in C-shaped roots (p < 0.05). The percentage of remaining filling material of AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA was significantly higher in C-shaped roots than in single- or double-roots (p < 0.05), while that of BC sealer was similar across all root types. EndoSeal MTA showed the highest values at the apical thirds of single- and double-roots (p < 0.05); otherwise, no significant differences were observed among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, a large amount of EndoSeal MTA remained after retreatment, especially in C-shaped root canals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.439-445
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of plugger penetration depth on the apical extrusion of root canal sealer during root canal obturation with Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique. Root canals of forty extracted human teeth were divided into four groups and were prepared up to size 40 of 0.06 taper with ProFile. After drying. canals of three groups were filled with Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique with System $B^{TM}$ and different plugger penetration depths of 3. 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Canals of one group were filled with cold lateral compaction technique as a control. Canals were filled with non-standardized master gutta-percha cones and 0.02 mL of Sealapex. Apical extruded sealer was collected in a container and weighed. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. 3 and 5 mm penetration depth groups in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique showed significantly more extrusion of root canal sealer than 7 mm penetration depth group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between 7 mm depth group in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique and cold lateral compaction group (p < 0.05). The result of this study demonstrates that deeper plugger penetration depth causes more extrusion of root canal sealer in root canal obturation by Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique. Therefore, special caution is needed when plugger penetration is deeper in the canal in Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique to minimize the amount of sealer extrusion beyond apex.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.254-262
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the postoperative pain and clinical performance after applying three different intracanal medicaments and root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients requiring root canal treatment due to symptomatic apical periodontitis were included in this study. After a glide path preparation by using PathFile, each canal was shaped with ProTaper Next file system. After the canal cleaning and shaping procedure, the canal was dried and each intracanal medicaments were adjusted (Calcipex II, TRC-paste, Metapaste). At the next visit, the patients were requested to answer the absence of the pain after the procedure. Once the patients showed no symptom, the canal was obturated with each corresponded root canal sealers (AH plus, Radic-sealer, ADseal). The patients were recalled after 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the postoperative pain or unexpected clinical signs. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc comparison, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis to evaluate any differences among tested materials. Results: The average number of visits for intracanal medication was 2.69, 2.65, and 2.61 for Calcipex II, TRC-paste, and Metapaste. There were no statistically differences in post-obturation pain among three groups obturated with different root canal sealers (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Under the limitations of this study, three tested intracanal medicaments and epoxy resin root canal sealers showed clinically acceptable similar results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.5.1-5.8
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The obturation quality of MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC root canal sealer (RCS), and warm gutta-percha (WGP) in teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) was evaluated by using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Standardized IRR cavities were created using 40 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10). IRR cavities were filled with MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC RCS (bulk-fill form) and WGP + Total Fill BC RCS. Percentage of voids between resorptive cavity walls and obturation material (external void), and inside the filling materials (internal voids) were measured. Results: Total Fill BC sealer in the bulk-fill form presented significantly highest values of external and internal void percentages (p < 0.05). Biodentine showed a significantly lowest external void percentage (p < 0.05). WGP + Total Fill BC RCS presented significantly lower values of internal void percentages than all groups (p < 0.05), except Biodentine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the filling materials were created void-free obturation in resorption cavities. Biodentine may favor its application in teeth with IRR over Angelus MTA and bulkfill form of Total Fill BC.