Kim, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Seong-Min;Oh, Jung-Tak;Han, Seok-Joo;Choi, Seung-Hoon
Advances in pediatric surgery
/
v.12
no.2
/
pp.167-174
/
2006
Central venous catheter (CVC) for long-term venous access is indispensable for various reasons including hyperalimentation, frequent blood sampling, frequent IV drug use in pediatric patients. We report clinical experience of surgical neonates in whom CVC was inserted primarily via great saphenous vein into suprarenal inferior vena cava. From March 2004 to March 2006, we performed CVC insertion via saphenous vein - contralateral side to main wound - into suprarenal inferior vena cava in surgeries of neonates. 2.7Fr or 4.2Fr, single lumen, tunneled Broviac catheters (Bard Access system, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) were used. Skin exit site of tunneled catheter was located in ipsilateral flank area just below edge lower rib. At the end of the procedure, location of the catheter tip was confirmed by plain radiography of abdomen. We retrospectively reviewed the admission records of the patients including nursing staff charts. Nine (50.0 %) patients were male and nine (50.0%) were female. Median gestational age was 38 weeks (range, 29-42 weeks) and median birth weight was 3,105 gm (range, 1,040-3,720 gm). Median age at catheter insertion was 38.5 days (range, 1-236 days). The purpose of CVC insertion was short-and long-term hyperalimentation in nine (50.0 %) patients. CVC insertion was performed in operation room under general anesthesia in sixteen (88.9 %) patients (in these cases, CVC insertion was performed just prior to concurrent operation) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) under local anesthesia with adequate sedation in two (11.2%). During the admission period (total catheter-indwelling time: 553 days), CVC functioned well without any significant side effects. Transient swelling of the ipsilateral leg (n=1, 5.6 %) and transient migration of catheter tip (n=1, 5.6 %) were noted, which did not affect function of the indwelled CVC. Mean catheter-indwelling time was 30.7days (range, 3-72 days). All catheters were removed electively except two mortality case. Complications, such as thrombosis, infection, kinking or extravasation of drugs, were not observed in our study period. Tunneled trans-great saphenous vein inferior vena cava catheters are not only comparable to cervical CVCs in terms of function and complication rates, but also very beneficial in selected patients, especially those in whom cervical approach is technically impossible or contraindicated.
The main objective of this study is to examine the situations of group-homes for the elderly and clarify the problems of them. This study investigates the present conditions of welfare facilities and supply conditions. 4 group-homes were surveyed in Jeonju and Kwangju cities. Data was collected through various ways including the survey conducted by facility operators, the measurement of living space, and photo-takings. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) With the introduction of nursing care insurance in 2008, the increase of the demand and supply to group-home will be expected, due to less cost for recuperation. The care of elderly in homelike atmosphere is effective to the elderly suffering from dementia. Therefore, it is proper that the supply of group-homes for dementia will be needed. 2) Group-homes for the elderly are being supplied under the standards of welfare facilities in the present. Separate supply standards, however, are needed because they are not suitable for small scale group-homes. 3) To supply Group-homes for the elderly on a one-unit basis would cause various problems such as economical unreality, personnel distribution and so on. It is necessary to supply more than two units for more efficient management. 4) The management of group-homes for the elderly is financially unstable because the operating funds heavily depend on the users or people who are connected with the facilities through private networks. Therefore, additional support is needed to settle the financial problem. It would be helpful to build the public networking that provides information about the group-home for the elderly for the public. 5) In case of the increase in the supply of the group-home in a residential area, it could be helpful to promote the group-home to the public. 6) The operators state that the main problems of group homes for the elderly lie in financial difficulties and the shortage of professionals and volunteers. The financial, personnel, and material support for personnel and the supervision of management are required for the transparency and effectiveness of the facility management. In addition, the closer network and cooperation system with the community is required. 7) The present living environments for group-homes for the elderly leave much room for improvement, considering the physical condition of the elderly. The more careful selections in the color, shape, material, and equipment of the facilities should be made for the convenience of the elderly users.
Purpose : To know the possibility of clinical application of MRI using oxygen inhalation as a perfusion MRI Materials and methods : Two healthy volunteers and three patients of one moyamoya disease, one acute infarction and one meningioma were studied using a 1.5 Tesla MRI unit. Oxygen (15 liters/min) mixed with room air was given using face mask from 8 second to 35 second during the study. Images were acquired 25 times (scan time per study were 1.6 seconds) using susceptibility contrast EPI (echo planar image) sequence. Difference maps were acquired by early (study 12-18), and late (study 19-25) O2 inhalation image groups minus pre-O2 inhalation image group (study 3-9) with a Z-score of 0.7-1.0 using VB31C program of Magneton Vision. The resulting perfusion images were created by superimposition of difference maps on corresponding T1 weighted anatomic images. On moyamoya patient, similar perfusion images were acquired after Gd-DTPA injection, and compared with O2 inhalation perfusion images. Results ; The author can get the perfusion images of the brain by oxygen inhalation with susceptibility contrast EPI sequence at the volunteers, and the patient of moyomoya disease, acute infarction and meningioma. On moyamoya patient, perfusion images with O2 inhalation are similar with perfusion images by Gd-DTPA injection. Conclusion 1 This study has demonstrated that the susceptibility contrast EPI by oxygen inhalation can be used as the clinically useful perfusion MRI technique
Pyo, Mi Youn;Kim, Jung Yeon;Sohn, Joo Ohn;Lee, Eun Sook;Kim, Hyang Sook;Kim, Kye Ok;Park, Hye Jung;Kim, Min Ju;An, Gi Hyun;Yang, Jung Ran;Yu, Jun Hee;Kim, Yung A;Kim, Hyo Jin;Choi, Mo Na
Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
/
v.18
no.2
/
pp.228-238
/
2012
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how an Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) simulation application via smartphone effects nurses' ACLS knowledge and learning satisfaction. Methods: The participants were selected from nurses in medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU), surgical ICU and emergency room. The experimental group consists of fifty nurses who were self-learned with ACLS simulation application via smartphone and the control group of seventy-one nurses who used traditional learning materials. Outcome variables included nurses' knowledge and learning satisfaction which were collected before and after the intervention. Results: The scores of ACLS knowledge were higher in the control group compared to the experimental group (p=.001) while learning satisfaction showed no statistical difference (p=.444). In learning satisfaction, the experimental group showed higher interest than the control group (p=.019) while the control group rated higher on the item, 'the contents of education was reliable' (p=.007). Conclusion: ACLS knowledge score was graded higher in control group that used traditional learning method than the experimental group that used the smartphone application. This study showed that training with the new material significantly increased nurses' interest in ACLS education. Hence, more applications for smartphones should be developed to provide self-learning environment for nurses and improve care quality.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in cancer patients during chemotherapy. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 90 patients over 20 years old who were receiving chemotherapy at the injection room of the o.p.d. and ward admission care unit in a University hospital located in Gwang-ju city and data were collected from August 8th to October 2nd, 2002. Collected data were analysed using SPSS v 10.0. to obtain summary statistics for the descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: 1. Fatigue of the subjects was significantly correlated with physical distress score. and 6 items of subscale those were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pain, and immobility, showed statistically significant correlation. 2. Fatigue of the subjects showed statistically significant differences according to a nap satisfaction. Fatigue of the subjects was significantly correlated with mood state, Also, all 5 items of subscale, which are those were anxiety, confusion, depression, energy, and anger showed statistically significant correlations. 3. Fatigue of the subjects showed statistically significant differences according to metastasis, chemotherapy cycle, post operation existence, post radiation therapy existence. There were significant negative correlation between fatigue and hematocrit and fatigue and weight change. There was no significant correlation between fatigue and spiritual well-being state. With the result to multiple regression, Immobility, Anorexia, Anger explained fatigue by, pain, and immobility showed statistically significant correlation.
Many studies on the electrochemical performance of Li secondary batteries have been obtained using coin-type cells due to the ease of assembly, low cost and ensuring reproducibility. The coin-type cell consists of a case, a gasket, a spacer disk, and a wave spring. These structural features require a greater amount of liquid electrolyte to assemble than other types of cells such as laminated cells and cylindrical cells. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the effect of excess liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical performances of Li secondary batteries. In this study, we investigate the effect of different amounts of electrolyte on the coin-type cells. The amount of electrolytes is adjusted to 30 and $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$. Cycle performances at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and high temperature ($60^{\circ}C$) and high voltage are performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the different amount of electrolytes. In the case of the unit cell including the electrolyte of $30mg\;mAh^{-1}$, the discharging capacity retention characteristic is excellent in comparison with the case of $100mg\;mAh^{-1}$ under the high temperature and high voltage condition. The former shows a larger increase in internal resistance than the latter, confirming that the amount of electrolyte significantly influences the discharge capacity retention characteristics of the battery.
Storage ecosystems of rough rice, brown rice and polished rice were analyzed form Feb. 1987 to Nov. 1988 to investigate structures and ecological successions in the arthropod communities as well as changes in energy of the systems. The changes in temperature of stored rice showed high degree dependence on the temperature of storage room with time lag of about four weeks. Moisture content of rough rice, brown rice and polished rice during the period were in the range of 12.7$\pm$0.4, 13.1$\pm$0.4 and 13.5$\pm$0.3%, respectively. The arthropod communities in rough rice, brown rice and polished rice were qualitatively and quantitatively different. In rough rice, dominant species changed from Leptinotus reticulatus Endlein to Liposcelisentomophilus Endlein, while in brown rice from Pyralis farinalis L. to Sitophilus oryze (L.), unidentified parasitic wasps, Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard and Tribolium castaneum Herbst and finally to S. oryzae. In polished rice, the arthropod community showed an ecological succession similar to that in brown rice except for a transient dominance of two psocidspecies. Thearthropod community in rough rice was rather simple and unstable in comparison with those in brown rice and polished rice. The 1000 kernel weight of brown rice decreased slightly during the period when the arthropods were active (summer season), while that of rough rice and polished rice remained at the similar level. However, the ash content per unit volume of brown rice as well as rough rice and polished rice showed no increase during the period.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between caries experience, Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) redings and new caries activity test (Cariview) results in preschool children. Fifty-seven healthy kindergarten children (male 28, female 29) were participated this study. The calibrated dentist investigated the caries experience of children and new caries activity test. Cariview samples were incubated in the activated medium at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. All QLF-D taking and readings were performed by one experienced and trained operator under identical conditions in a dental unit chair located in a darkened room. Analysis range was limited to the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. QLF-D redings (white spot and dental plaque) were analysed using QLF system. The dft index had a relatively high correlation with the QLF-D redings (white spot: r=0.617, simple plaque score: r=0.500) (p<0.01). Also, there was significant correlation between dft index and the Cariview score (r=0.286) (p<0.05). However, the Cariview score had no significant correlation between dt index and ft index (p>0.05). QLF-D can be evaluated objectively the initial caries lesions and dental plaque correlated with caries experience. Therefore, QLF-D will be useful to the study of caries prediction.
$\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ thin films were prepared on Si substrate by a pulsed laser deposition system and characterized by X-ray and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The appropriate conditions of pulsation was the power of 5.128 W/cm2 at on oxygen pressure of 0.1 Torr at a substrate temperature of 30$0^{\circ}C$. After that the film was heated at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 day. The particles shape deposited on the film was ellipsoidal and the average length and width were 200~300 nm, 70~150 am respectively. The crystal structure was conformed to be of corundums symmetry with the hexagonal unit cell having a lattice constant of u = 5.03$\pm$0.05 $\AA$, c = 13.735$\pm$0.05 $\AA$. The average angles between the atomic spin and the magnetic hyperfine field of Fe ion were 38$^{\circ}$and 48$^{\circ}$ at above and blow the Morin transition temperature respectively. The Morin transition was found to occur at the temperature ranges from 200 K to room temperature and atomic spin direction was assumed to change from 48$^{\circ}$ to 80$^{\circ}$in respect to the c-axis.
Kim, Ki-Bae;Kim, Kyoung-Min;Cho, Soon-Hyung;Yoon, Eui-Park
Journal of Korea Foundry Society
/
v.11
no.6
/
pp.475-481
/
1991
In this study the fabrication technology and mechanical properties of AC8A/$Al_2O_3$ Composites by squeeze casting process were investigated to develope for application as the piston materials that require good friction, wear resistance, and thermal stability. AC8A/$Al_2O_3$ composistes without a porosity and the break of preform were fabricated at the melt temperature of $740^{\circ}C$, the preform temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, and mold temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ under the applied pressure of $1200kg/cm^2$ as the results of the observation of microstructures. As the results of this study, the tensile strength of AC8A/$Al_2O_3$ composites was not increased linearly with $Al_2O_3$ volume fraction and so it seemed not to agree with the rule of mixture, which had been used often in metal matrix composite. Also the tensile strength after thermal fatigue test was little different from that before the test. Consequently it was thought that AC8A/$Al_2O_3$ composites fabricated under our experimental conditions had a good thermal stability and subsequently a good interface bonding. Wear rate(i.e., volume loss per unit sliding distance) of AC8A/$Al_2O_3$ composites was decreased with $Al_2O_3$ volume fraction and the sliding speed at both room temperature and $250^{\circ}C$ and so there was a good correlation between wear rate and hardness. Also the wear rate of AC/8A20% $Al_2O_3$ composities was obtained the value of $1.65cm^3/cm$ at sliding speed of 1.14m/sec as compared with about $3.0\;{\times}10^{-8}cm^3/cm$ hyereutectie Al-Si alloy(Al-16%Si-2%Cu-1%Fe-1%Ni), which applied presently for piston materials. The wear behavior of $Al_2O_3$ composites was observed to a type of abrasive wear by the SEM view of wear surface.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.