• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.300-303
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• 2013

On BIPV systems, especially roof-top PV systems, the power generation is easier to be reduced due to the shades of facilities nearby, or roof itself. To secure profitability of roof-top PV systems, the optimal design of solar arrays through the precise shading analysis is an important item of design considerations. In this paper, an optimization system for array design of roof-top PVs is to be developed using three-dimensional Geospatial Information System(GIS). The profitability of income and expense is considered through the shading analysis of entire roofs. By applying the system to project for validation, the adequacy and the improvement of NPV of the system were verified compared to expert's design. The system has significance by reason that PV modules are placed through rules established with expert knowledge and geometric rules were applied to reflect the constructability and maintainability.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Domestic photovoltaic system for roof-top is installed towards the south at an angle of 20 to 35 degrees and the shape of PV array is divided into two kinds; a plane shape and a curved shape. This paper aims to understand an actual condition of PV facility and strengths and weaknesses of support structure production and installation and to consider the best PV surface shape by analyzing theoretical logics of these two surface shapes and architectural perspective-based realistic case studies. This study targeted 98 facilities including common houses, public institutions and education institutions. In common houses, all of 59 PV facilities have a plane surface. In public institutions, 7 of 15 PV facilities have a curved array surface and 8 PV facilities have a plane surface. In education institutions, also, 14 of 24 PV facilities have a plane array surface and 10 PV facilities have a curved surface. Most of 98 facilities have a flat roof supporting shape. However, it was found that the curved shape wasn't positive for PV generation due to the change of radial density and it was at least 10 % more expensive to produce its structure. Also, domestic general large single-plate PV facilities have problems of harmony with buildings and wind load. Therefore, it is considered that for fixed-type roof-top PV, a plane PV array shape is good for optimum generation and economic efficiency and a parallel array structure on the roof surface is favorable to wind load and snow load without being a hindrance to the building facade.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.307-328
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• 2016

This paper describes an investigation of the net wind loads on solar panels and wind loads on the underlying roof surface for panels mounted parallel to pitched roofs of domestic buildings. Typical solar panel array configurations were studied in a wind tunnel and the aerodynamic shape factors on the panels were put in a form appropriate for the Australian/New Zealand Wind Actions Standard AS/NZS 1170.2:2011. The results can also be used to obtain more refined design data on individual panels within an array. They also suggest values for the aerodynamic shape factors on the roof surface under the panels, based on a gust wind speed at roof height, of ${\pm}0.5$ for wind blowing parallel to the ridge, and ${\pm}0.6$ for wind blowing perpendicular to the ridge. The net loads on solar arrays in the middle portion of the roof are larger than those on the same portion of the roof without any solar panels, thus resulting in increased loads on the underlying roof structure.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.142-155
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• 2018

${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$광산은 광체주변에 미고결된 층서가 불규칙하게 발달되어 있다. 본 연구는 효율적인 루프볼트(roof bolt) 시공을 위하여 불규칙한 층서의 두께를 체계적으로 배열하고 이에 대응하는 지보시스템을 제시한 것이다. 층서별 두께를 조합한 81개의 경우의 수를 강건설계에 의하여 9개의 사례로 한정하여 지보설계를 하였다. 각 사례에 대하여 천반하중으로 작용할 수 있는 하중고를 층서의 특성과 RMR에 의하여 결정하였다. 하중고에 의한 하중범위를 블록형상과 아치형상으로 가정하여 계산하였다. 두 방법의 평균하중으로 루프볼트의 지보력을 감안한 지보설계를 하였다. 지보설계에 대한 수치해석 결과 케이블 볼트는 선단정착 방식보다 전면접착 방식이 천반유지에 더 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 시공결과 천반의 컨트롤은 가능하였으나 갱도측벽의 변형으로 천반 전체가 하부로 조금씩 침강하는 현상을 보였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) system operates as a multi-functional building construction material. They not only produce electricity, but also are building integral components such as facade, roof, window and shading device. As PV modules function like building envelope in BIPV, combined thermal and PV performance should be simultaneously evaluated. This study is to establish basic Information for designing effective BIPV by discovering relations between temperature and generation capability through experiment when the PV module is used as roof material for houses. To do so, we established 3kW full scale mock-up model with real size house and attached an PV array by cutting in half. This is to assess temperature influence depending on whether there is a ventilation on the rear side of PV module or not.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.492_493
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• 2009

In this paper, we analyzed relation between weather distribution and output of PV module. Equivalent circuit of PV module was derived. Output of PV array was calculated considering temperature and insolation as input. Output of PV array installed on the roof top was also measured. Then, comparison between results was carried out to verify that relation between input and output is appropriate. Distribution of insolation and temperature was derived from KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). Distribution of PV output was deduced, by considering weather distribution. The result of this paper can be used in economic analysis and reliability calculation.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2011

신 재생에너지에 대한 건축물 인증제도, 공공건축물 신 재생에너지 투자의무비율 확대 등 다양한 건축물 신 재생에너지 설비투자 지원정책으로 건축물 지붕을 활용한 태양광 사업 추진이 빠르게 확대되고 있다. 이러한 건물 지붕을 활용한 태양광 설비는 인접 건축물 또는 자체 구조물이나 시설에 의한 정밀한 음영분석이 필요함에도, 설계자의 경험이나 단순 그래픽툴에 의해 배치 설계가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 건축물에 소요되는 에너지 일부를 지붕형 태양광 설비에 의한 생산전력으로 대체하고자 할 때, 특정 선정기준에 따른 태양광 어레이의 최적 배치안을 선정하는 프로세스 모델을 구축하고자 한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.325-342
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• 2005

This paper deals with the buckling behavior of thin-walled aboveground tanks under wind load. In order to do that, the wind pressures are obtained by means of wind-tunnel experiments, while the structural non linear response is computed by means of a finite element discretization of the tank. Wind-tunnel models were constructed and tested to evaluate group effects in tandem configurations, i.e. one or two tanks shielding an instrumented tank. Pressures on the roof and on the cylindrical part were measured by pressure taps. The geometry of the target tank is similar in relative dimensions to typical tanks found in oil storage facilities, and several group configurations were tested with blocking tanks of different sizes and different separation between the target tank and those blocking it. The experimental results show changes in the pressure distributions around the circumference of the tank for half diameter spacing, with respect to an isolated tank with similar dimensions. Moreover, when the front tank of the tandem array has a height smaller than the target tank, increments in the windward pressures were measured. From the computational analysis, it seems that the additional stiffness provided by the roof prevents reductions in the buckling load for cases even when increments in pressures develop in the top region of the cylinder.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

In this paper, Residential roof top photovoltaic system with 9.9 kW design is proposed. The system composed of 200 Watts solar array 33 panels connecting in series 10 strings and parallels 3 strings which have maximum voltage and current are 350 V and 23.8 A. The 10 kW sinusoidal grid-connected inverter with window voltage about 270-350 is selected to convert and transfer DC Power to AC Power at PCC (Point of Common Coupling) of power system following to utility standard. However the impact of fluctuation and uncertainty of weather condition of PV may decrease the voltage stability and voltage collapse of power system. In order to solve this problem the energy storage such 120 V 1200 Ah battery bank and 30 kVAR capacitor are designed for voltage stability control. The other expensed for installing the system such battery charger, cable, accessories and maintenance cost are concerned. The economic analysis by using investment from money loan with interest about 7% and use own money which loss income of deposit about 3% are calculated as 671,844 and 547,044 for PV system with energy storage and non energy storage respectively. The solar energy from PV is about 101,616 Bath per year which evaluated by using the value of $5kWh/m^2/day$ from average peak sun hour (PSH) of the Thailand and 6.96 Bath/kWh of Feed in Tariff Incentive. The payback periods of four scenarios are proposed follow as i) PV system with energy storage and use loan money is 15 years ii) PV system with no energy storage and use loan money is 10 years iii) PV system with energy storage and use deposit money is 9 years iv) PV system with energy storage and use deposit money is 7 years. In addition, the other scenarios of economic analysis such no FIT support and other type of economic analysis such NPV and IRR are proposed in this paper.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2022

본 논문은 제어 모멘트 자이로를 장착한 위성의 효율적인 기동성능 분석을 위한 지표로 활용되고 있는 유효 각운동량 차트(FAM Chart)를 설계 및 분석한다. 최근 인공위성의 고기동성에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라 위성에게 주어진 임무를 보다 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여 고 토크 발생기인 제어 모멘트 자이로(CMGs)에 대한 관심이 상승하고 있는 추세이다. 다만 CMG는 특정 방향으로 제어 토크가 발생하지 않는 특이점 문제가 존재하므로 이를 개선하기 위하여 본 논문은 지붕형 배치를 따르는 두 쌍의 제어 모멘트 자이로(TPCMGs)를 장착한 위성 시스템에 대하여 고려하였으며, 특이점 발생 가능 공간 및 구동기 제한으로 인한 토크 오류 발생 공간을 제외한 김벌 공간을 새롭게 정의하여 이에 따른 유효 각운동량 공간을 FAM 차트라 칭함으로써, 해당 공간 내의 위성 3축 파라미터들을 수학적으로 도출해낼 수 있으므로 효과적인 위성 기동성능 분석이 가능함에 의의가 있다.