• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.7-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is the study on the architectural characteristics revived from the roman architecture, focused on the early renaissance architecture building. The results of study are as follow: 1. The composition system of Domus which is formed of urban house in the Roman period is presented by spatial arrangement of palace architecture centering around atrium in the Renaissance period. Thus plan type of Domus is used by atrium from which is composed of peristyle from the palace and villa in the Renaissance period. 2. The circular temple in the Roman period is composed of element such as podium, stair, peristyle centering around the basic circular plan. Bramante planed to revive above elements for the Tempietto to concept from the circular temple in the Roman period. 3. The triumphal arch in the Roman period is strong monument to the independent building in the city, but thus arch is used of church facade as the important example which is composed with building elevation in the Renaissance period. 4. The composition system and element of Roman temple which is planned to rectangular plan is composed of high podium, stair, portico, prostyle and pediment. The facade plan of church is used by the partial elements and total elements perfectly from the temple in the Roman period. 5. The linearly successive and repetitive composition which is composition system and element of aqueduct arches of same dimension shows to the palace facade, arcade for gallery space and side elevation plan of S.Fracesco church. 6. Such as background of Colloseum, Rucellai palace can be called good example which is created by the new architectural form to the creative starting point from the classical architecture from.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4031-4040
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of masonry techniques on Roman ancient architecture. Opus so means masonry, has many types and techniques and still we use that word. Roman masonry technique appears to be very diverse kinds throughout to try and change the outcome of new technology. Depending on the use of materials the process can distinguished in three courses. First, just use only stones and bricks. Second is the use of concrete that is advanced to cement structure. Third is the use of air-dried bricks and grilled bricks. Roman masonry ranges of techniques not limited to the construction of the resulting but created a variety of architectural language. Architectural space is based on a comprehensive development of masonry techniques.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

This study which analyzed 4th century Constantinus basilica church architecture is on how the Roman basilica architecture became to christianized and christian architecture became romanized. Basilica architecture of Rome which has strong public characteristic had approach from various direction, especially it has formed inter communicable open space to center forum. Even though, the early christian church has became to bigger size on the process of domus ecclesia centered growth, but it has formed essencially unhierarchy community of home based, it also seemed to have loose religious community below hundred. The result of analyzing 22 of 4 century basilica churches had been shown that more than 60% of them were built on historical place such as tomb of martyr, nearly 70% of them were long axis type, the size of church showed up $3,200m^2$ of average total area. In conclusion, this study concluded the result of christianized showed closeness pursue holiness by separation from the secular world, and long axis it was revealed as mass for the procession ceremony of catholic church. The result of romanized occurred from the process that the basilica church abandoned the unhierarchy, small sizing, worship simplicity of early domus ecclesia characteristics and accept hierarchy, big sizing, worship formalism and complexity of Roman empire system in the roman basilica churches. Through this study it could be grasp that the romanized of early christianity bring not only the change of church architecture but also degeneration of christian itself.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2003

The Greek theater was the first one which was built artificially and the Roman theater was erected as creative form following the Greek theater The style of these ancient theaters has influenced modern theater. In terms of the purpose and function of the theater, the Greek was derived from religious purpose but the Roman was derived for amusement. We can observe several differences in comparing the Greek with the Roman theater. In the shape of the theater, the Greek theater was dignified and grand and had an open-air structure, but the Roman theater was splendid and ornamental and had a roof over the stage. In the character of the theater, the Greek theater was democratic but the Roman theater was partial. The Greek and Roman theaters have became one source of the modern theater as the Greek and Roman plays have became the source of the modern play, although there are several differences according to the social and dramatic characters.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.4 s.32
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

In this paper, a web-based automatic transcription component is designed and implemented for mechanical conversion of revised Korean-to-Romanization notation rule. Specially. we proposes system architecture and algorithms that transcript Korean to Roman automatically after transliterate Korean to phonetic symbol applying phonological principles. The components operate under the web server's script mechanism. and the dictionary for exceptional usage is designed as an accessorial function supported either operating at web server internally or externally. The overall system architecture is presented by UML. specification and pseudo code. The proposed architecture can be implemented in encapsulated service by object oriented component and that can be easily adapted and modified on the internet environment and this system may have many advantages to improve efficiency, library reuse. extensibility at software development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

This study investigates the garden vision of the Ancient Rome, focusing on garden literature in the Natural History by Pliny the Elder. Ancient Roman garden's types, character, and forms greatly influenced the development of later Western gardens, to which the practical and professional texts of Pliny the Elder and others contributed. This study explores the garden visions projected in these texts, with an introduction of Roman garden forms and stylistic features. The Natural History and other garden and agricultural texts written during the Ancient Roman period are characterized by their focus on practical production spaces rather than abstract nature or garden art. In the Natural History, Pliny described botanics in terms of usefulness rather than pleasure, and his discussion is premised on the practical hortus. In ancient Roman society, gardens were not only spaces for practical production and relaxation, and places to reproduce or realize the ideals of Roman rulers and intellectuals, including Pliny. They shared the episteme that sought to encompass knowledge of the entire world they ruled and, in doing so, realize their vision of the Roman Empire. Through the Natural History, Pliny sought to embrace useful knowledges of his time into the vast civilized world of the Roman Empire, and the garden was an important place to practice this ideal.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-81
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• 2008

Aldo Rossi explained Roman Forum as a significant urban artifact, because Roman Forum analogically showed not only an image of Roman Empire but also a figure of primitive design for its region. Thus the comparison and analysis between characteristics of Aldo Rossi's architectural works which are based on the theory of 'Analogical city' and the forums, the urban artifacts, was proceeded in this study. Consequently, it was discovered that Aldo Rossi had used his analogical thinking from the forum for his architectural languages such as gable roofs, square windows with depth, columns and so on. His analogical use of organizing spaces, such as courtyard type and pillar corridor type, has also shown that their types came from forum spaces. His analogical aspects of the forum: a space where urban images are analogically formed; were expressed in the 'Theater of Science' with the urban architecture form as the actor and the Theatre as the stage for analogical urban performances. Nevertheless, the expression of primitive design which divides the Roman Forum from other forums was actualized in 'the Theater of the World'. He not only analogically used types from Roman Forum in architectural design but also used boat in Water space, which decided the lifestyle and culture of Venice even before the civilization, to express the primitive design of Venice. Consequently, Aldo Rossi, by aiming the severance from the tradition, provided the possibility of explaining the newest modem type within the historical meaning by forming type which finds its continuance in history through 'the Theater of the World' and through analogical thinking along with the level of modern culture, to our urban architectural atmosphere that has lost its historical meanings.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.56-66
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the multi-layered space utilized as strategy for deconstruction in the architecture of Hiromi Fujii. Although the design of Eisenman and Fujii was based on the philosophical theory of Jacques Derrida, there are many different aspects of architecture. At the same time, Hiromi Fujii could construct his concept of multi-layered space to colligate the academic knowledge of Jacques Derrida, Roman Jakobson and Colin Rowe. This kind of concept for multi-layered space is a critical element to be distinct from the characters between two architects, and it is implied such as an significant concept to analyze the architecture for Hiromi Fujii. This multi-layered space contains interesting and researchable value to understand and to analyze the western architecture theory from the viewpoint of Asian architect. Accordingly, the purpose of the thesis is to find the meaning to establish an theoretical foundation for being under discussion to the architecture of Fujii through the concept of multi-layered space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.108-118
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• 2007

The tabernacle architecture is the paradigm of the new testaments and the modern church, and has been from the temples to synagogues, the Old Testaments to the New Testaments, and from present to future. Nevertheless, research on the Tabernacles has never been studied architecturally but has only been researched Biblically or partially. This would be because people interested in the tabernacle lack in architectural knowledge, and architects would be limited theologically. Furthermore, the start of church architecture until now was the architecture of the Roman-court style and the Greece Temple as the exterior, such as the Basilica, a non-Christian, strangely styled piece of architecture, which was seen as the basis of the church architectural style, which is a great mistake, due to the effect of modern architectural educational system with the central figure of humanism and western styled architecture. The measurement and the pattern of the Tabernacle architecture were not recorded in the Bible in order to produce the shape of the Tabernacle. The 'Architecture of God' was designed for the very first time on Earth so that He could dwell among His people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

This study examined the growth of herb plants in response to irrigation on a green rooftop area in order to select herb plants that can be used for rooftop greening. Apple Mint (Mentha suaveolens), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans), Choco Mint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita 'Choco Mint'), Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) showed increased growth when irrigated. Conversely, Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia ), Peppermint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita ), Vicks Plant (Plectranthus tomentosa), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla), Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens), Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) and Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) demonstrated satisfactory growth regardless of irrigation. Peppermint, Tansy, Lemon Verbena, Soapwort, and Lady's mantle seem to be suitable for green rooftop because of their overwintering ability and drought hardiness. Pineapple sage, Apple Mint and Thyme would seem to be inappropriate for rooftop greening because they showed negative growth response to drought and failed overwintering. Although Spearmint, Lemon balm, Choco Mint, Ox-eye Daisy and Roman Chamomile had reduced growth during dry conditions, they were able to overwinter satisfactorily and can be used as rooftop plants with irrigation.