• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2004

Our country did not illustrate and reverse by a city planning law department construction Buddhist priest's robe dual setup the urban setting to be regulated, it came. The city planning law as the high position system of space planning mainly provides the use and a size of the land, the construction law the detail contents of site undergarment concrete location and the form back is provided and of course, regarding the structure which relates with the designation of concrete building use in him and the immediacy back. These two laws are come by a trade name complement and a function sharing role in order for the affirmative development of the city to become accomplished, being used. To necessity of District unit plan the general causal government employee all it is sympathizing, it relates it goes to extremes and with the maintenance of endurance environment and many portion with charge Sikkim also the fact that it is the criticism which relativy is negative in duty of administrative origination is fact in the people. But realization of plan hazard the execution of the public section which stands will be important, it will reach and the public section execution plan of the autonomous nine dimension for must be prepared. The next research that the individual globe plan and development actual condition actual proof and the research which it analyzes system is necessary with base, sees the general operation evaluation of Seoul District unit plan.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.403-413
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• 2005

The environmental conservation-targeted zoning in urban planning process has been functioned as securing a ecological core in urban green spaces management. Hence, the designation of conservation zones in land use planning is considered as a key task to achieve the sustainability of urban planning. The recently introduced pre-environmental review system for the proposed urban plan, by which the conservative measures for urban ecosystem and landscape are suggested in aspect of environmental impact mitigation, has played an active role in enhancing the environmental performance degraded by wide range of development pressure. This study is aimed at drawing out of objective criteria for designation of environmental conservation zones, which can be applied to urban planning establishment and also to environmental assessment process. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the following methods; pre-study review, analysis of existing official opinion statements released by the Ministry of Environment, contents analysis of related laws, and experts' panel discussions on the finally arranged criteria. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the total criteria of 48 are drown out with categorizing into environment-ecological and socio-cultural sectosr. Second, the environment-ecological part is composed of 33 criteria such as vegetation, animal, geomorphology, watershed, environmental land suitability, and etc. Here, the Degree of Ecological Function, Degree of Environmental Land Suitability, and Vegetation Map are mainly utilized. Third, the 15 socio-cultural criteria relating to the history, social ecology and landscape have such components as forest around relics, Seo-won(school), castle, tomb, landmark, skyline, natural landscape, and etc. Forth, these individual criteria can be applied to designation of each conservation zones among total of 11 conservation areas(or districts).

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2013

포유동물은 생태계에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 환경의 변화를 파악하기 위해서는 장기적인 연구가 필수이다. 고라니는 한국 고유종으로 풍부한 개체수가 존재하지만 고라니의 서식지의 생태적 특징과 행동권에 대한 자료가 부족하다 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 고유종인 고라니의 행동연구를 위해 GPS 장치를 부착하였다. 연구 결과 주간활동이 야간보다 서식반경이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 봄철이 겨울철 및 다른 계절보다 월등하게 큰 것으로 나타났다, 고라니의 대부분 토지이용은 산림 및 습지와 농경지인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 고라니의 서식지 행동을 측정함으로써 행동생태학에 대한 중요성을 알 수 있었다. 또한 환경변화에 따른 포유류의 행동반경의 변화를 연구하기 위해서 후속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2007

Twenty-four wetlands located in Higashi-Hiroshima City in West Japan were selected for this study in order to investigate both the relationship between aquatic plant composition and environmental conditions; and the relationship between changing land use patterns in the catchments and the concentration of different forms of nitrogen in the wetlands. The dominant and subdominant species which comprised the principal vegetation were determined based on a vegetation census conducted in each wetland during the growing season from June to August, 2006. The seasonal variations of water quality factors (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, and temperature) and different forms of nitrogen such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were analyzed as important indicators of water quality for the surface water of the wetlands. The surveyed wetlands were classified into three types (non-disturbed wetlands, moderately-disturbed wetlands and highly-disturbed wetlands), based on the degree of human disturbance to their catchment areas. An analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among the wetland groups in the annual mean values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen. Classification of the wetlands into three groups has revealed a pattern of changes in the composition of plant species in the wetlands and a pattern of changes in nitrogen concentrations. A majority of the non-disturbed wetlands were characterized by Brasenia schrebi and Trapa bispinosa as dominant; with Potamogeton fryeri and Iris pesudacorus as sub-dominant species. For most of the moderately-disturbed wetlands, Brasenia schrebi were shown to be a dominant species; Elocheriss kuriguwai and Phragmites australis were observed as sub-dominant species. For a majority of the highly-disturbed wetlands, Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia were observed as dominant species, and Nymphea tetragona as the sub-dominant species in the study area. An analysis of land use and water quality factors indicated that forest area played a considerable role in reducing the concentration of nutrients, and can act as a sink for surface/subsurface nutrient inputs flowing into wetland water, anchor the soil, and lower erosion rates into wetlands.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2002

This study quantified $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ uptake by vegetation in Seoul. The natural area was only 20% of the area of Seoul and its tree-age structure was dominated by a young and growing tree population. However the natural area accounted for about 65%, 60%, and 59% of total $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ uptake relatively. In natural area broad-leaved forest was dominative and accounted for about 37.8%, 36.7%, 36.6% of total $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ uptake in Seoul relatively. In urbanized area the park type land use played an important role. It's area was only 17% of the urbanized area in Seoul, but it accounted for about 67%, 57%, and 56% of $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ uptake in urbanized area relatively. Total annual uptake by vegetative cover was estimated as 446,741 ton/yr for $CO_2$, 314 ton/yr for $SO_2$ and 815 ton/yr for $NO_2$, and economic value of atmospheric purification for the entire area of Seoul amounted to approximately \228,073 millions/yr for the annual $CO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ uptake. The results from this study are expected to be useful not merely in informing the public of atmospheric purification values of vegetative cover, but in urging the necessity for replanting and management budgets.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

최근 미국 에너지 시장에서 수송용 바이오연료 생산과 바이오매스자원으로부터의 원료공급 가능성 등에 대하여 조사 연구되었다. 미국의 국가에너지정책의 1차 목표는 수입원유에 대한 의존을 줄이고 다양한 국내자원으로 에너지생산을 증가시키는 것으로 2030년에는 현재 수송용 에너지의 20%를 바이오연료로 대체할 목표이다. 정책적으로 청정공기법령(Clean Air Act), 연방청정연료(Federal Clean Fuel) 프로그램 및 American Jobs Creation Act를 통하여 바이오연료 사용을 증가시키는 노력을 하고 있다. 에너지 원료로서 산림바이오매스는 년간 3억 6800만 dry tons, 농업에서 얻어지는 원료는 현재의 BT기술을 이용한 작물품종 및 경작기술 개발, 농지사용 변화를 기반으로 했을 때 년 간 총 9억 9800만 dry tons이고 이중에서 목질계 바이오매스는 8억 1800만 dry tons이다 현재의 농업상황에서 생산되는 량의 5배에 해당하는 바이오매스 공급가능성이 예측되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2012

Modeling the effects of high-rise buildings on thermo-dynamic conditions and meteorological fields over a coastal urban area was conducted using the modified meso-urban meteorological model (Urbanized MM5; uMM5) with the urban canopy parameterization (UCP) and the high-resolution inputs (urban morphology, land-use/land-cover sub-grid distribution, and high-quality digital elevation model data sets). Sensitivity simulations was performed during a typical sea-breeze episode (4~8 August 2006). Comparison between simulations with real urban morphology and changed urban morphology (i.e. high-rise buildings to low residential houses) showed that high-rise buildings could play an important role in urban heat island and land-sea breeze circulation. The major changes in urban meteorologic conditions are followings: significant increase in daytime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ due to sensible heat flux emitted from high density residential houses, decrease in nighttime temperature nearly by $1.0^{\circ}C$ because of the reduction in the storage heat flux emitted from high-rise buildings, and large increase in wind speed (maximum 2 m $s^{-1}$) during the daytime due to lessen drag-force or increased gradient temperature over coastal area.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2013

With regard to the new town developments which have supplied lots of houses in a short period of time in Korea this study aims to evaluation and finding out problems of the developments finally to suggest the direction. A new town's competitiveness model set in the previous paper takes a role of research frame to recognize the problems and to show the direction. The model explains that new town's competitiveness is composed of 4 factors; Self-sufficiency, Innovativenss, Identity and Sustainability. Problems of the developments are as follows; incongruity of spatial structure especially in the capital region, deficiency of self-sufficiency resulted from single-use development, restriction on mixed development by a number of regulations in capital region, low business value, grand scale of land compensation, house oriented planning guidance, unfair share of infrastructure fee, and physical structure depending mainly on fossil energy. Based on this recognition this study conclusively suggests corresponding direction such as role performance as a means of urban growth management, promotion of quality of life by accumulating social capital, introduction of socially sustainable management program for the new towns, discovery and creation of town's value, reexamination of self-sufficiency's meaning or target, selective deregulation of metropolitan development, institutional strategy for cost reduction, changeover from house index to urban function oriented index, and pursuit of low-carbon green town.