An, Jae Jin;Lee, Yeom Pyo;Kim, So Young;Lee, Sun Hwa;Kim, Dae Won;Lee, Min Jung;Jeong, Min Seop;Jang, Sang Ho;Kang, Jung Hoon;Kwon, Hyeok Yil;Kang, Tae-Cheon;Won, Moo Ho;Cho, Sung-Woo;Kwon, Oh-Shin;Lee, Kil Soo;Park, Jinseu;Eum, Won Sik;Choi, Soo Young
Molecules and Cells
/
v.25
no.1
/
pp.55-63
/
2008
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. Mutations in the SOD1 gene are responsible for a familial form of ALS (FALS). Although many studies suggest that mutant SOD1 proteins are cytotoxic, the mechanism is not fully understood. To investigate the role of mutant SOD1 in FALS, human SOD1 genes were fused with a PEP-1 peptide in a bacterial expression vector to produce in-frame PEP-1-SOD fusion proteins (wild type and mutants). The expressed and purified PEP-1-SOD fusion proteins were efficiently transduced into neuronal cells. Neurones harboring the A4V, G93A, G85R, and D90A mutants of PEP-1-SOD were more vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by paraquat than those harboring wild-type proteins. Moreover, neurones harboring the mutant SOD proteins had lower heat shock protein (Hsp) expression levels than those harboring wild-type SOD. The effects of the transduced SOD1 fusion proteins may provide an explanation for the association of SOD1 with FALS, and Hsps could be candidate agents for the treatment of ALS.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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v.6
no.4
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pp.153-171
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2011
The welfare system and the direction of the welfare policy have been unable to escape greatly from the frame of the past against the facts that the external environments of the national economy of the world including Korea have been changing in quick and rapid speed. Such results have caused the issues related with the welfare, economy and society ended in the ideological collision in connection with the goals of the policy, the right agreement between the policies lacked, and the intervention and conflict between the interest group concerning the policy continued. Social policy of Korea in the past had the level of complementing the parts which could not be solved through the growth. Employment creation had been achieved continuously backed up by the high rate of growth. And the low aging level, the young population structure, and the high rate of childbirth had been the structures that made such achievement possible. New economic, social and welfare environment at home and abroad has been requesting new change in welfare policy. Goal of the economic and social policy is to construct the safe economic and social system. And what has been requested has been the formation of the economic and social policy orienting the welfare nation in form of social investment and welfare expansion. Also the direction in strengthening the welfare system of Korea shall have the balance between the protection and activation strength with the necessity of converting to the prevention welfare from the post welfare. Also the public part, market, the 3rd sector and the share of the role of an individual shall be achieved. And what is needed is the achievement of the transfer from the paradigm of residual welfare to the universal welfare. And such improvements of the welfare system will be able to elevate the possible continuity of the system in long term basis through the improvement of the welfare system.
Kim, Seong-Ryul;Choi, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Sung-Wan;Goo, Tae-Won;Hwang, Jae-Sam
Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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v.52
no.1
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pp.45-51
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2014
A cecropin-A gene was isolated from the immunized larvae of the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai and designed Ay-CecA. The complete Ay-CecA cDNA consists of 419 nucleotides with 195 bp open reading frame encoding a 64 amino acid precursor that contains a putative 22-residue signal peptide, a 4-residue propetide and a 37-residue mature peptide with a theoretical mass of 4046.81. The deduced amino acid sequence of the peptide evidenced a significant degree of identity (62 ~ 78% identity) with other lepidopteran cecropins. Like many insect cecropin, Ay-CecA also harbored a glycine residue for C-terminal amidation at the C-end, which suggests potential amidation. To understand this peptide better, we successfully expressed bioactive recombinant Ay-CecA in Escherichia coli that are highly sensitive to the mature peptide. For this, we fused mature Ay-CecA gene with insoluble protein ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) gene to avoid the cell death during induction. The fusion KSI-CecA protein was expressed as inclusion body. The expressed fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), and cleaved by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to release recombinant Ay-CecA. The purified recombinant Ay-CecA showed considerably antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, E. cori ML 35, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results proved that this peptide with a potent antibacterial activity may play a role in the immune response of Japanese oak silkworm.
This paper was written for the purpose of seeking a radical answer to the reason why we feel an actuality while watching a digital animated film. In the world of digital animation, there exist surrealistic subjects and the objects, which have come been brought into life, play their own role there. Furthermore, objects, which do not exist anywhere in the real world, appear and are closely connected with each other by means of a time discourse. Their world seems to be identical to our world or not. This study defined an actuality of a digital animation world as an actuality of Imaginary reality, an actuality of existent object, an actuality of anonymous object and an actuality time discourse, and examined such actuality. A frame of concept for examining the actuality was borrowed from philosophical statements of phenomenology that understands the nature of an actuality through 'zu den Sachen selbst'. Philosophical statements cited for searching an actuality specifically were those already explained by E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, J.-P. Sartre, G. Bachelard, M. Merleau-Ponty, and P. Ricoeur, Methodologically, this study attempted to understand our existence and recognition of the world in a phenomenological point of view, apply this principle to the world of a digital animation, and subsequently discuss it with the provision of examples. The purpose for this study is to reconsider the fundamental moaning of a digital animated film and evaluate its value.
Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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v.22
no.4
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pp.311-318
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2016
The VTS concept was located as a principal methods of maritime safety administration in world's major harbors and expected to become the pivotal role for the future of the maritime and harbor society with e-Navigation epoch. If recent limelight concept of big-data has been included in aspect of information gathering and analysis with various studies, it's required advanced studies to improve the information analysis capability and application range of the data that can be mining by the VTS. In this study, contrast to other studies that aimed quantitative analysis as communication number, it can be mining the time information and each of the communication VTS for the target vessel, including qualitative analysis, such as the purpose or the type of communication. This comparison across multiple items of the collected information, and presenting the VTS data mining model (VCDF) that can be analyzed for the purpose of analyzing way, type and number of communication by ship's type, also number of violations through VTS communication. First, In Busan port case, it shows frequently information service and shows frequently communicating with particular types of vessels. Second, Passive VTS carried out notwithstanding many kinds of traffic violations due to communication congestion. This arranged information can be used as data for the analysis, as possible the level of traffic for VTSO situational awareness, which pointed to the 'workloads' in 'IALA Guideline' and could be used as a database for future research of e-Navigation.
Although there has been a significant technological and representational achievements in domestic animation industry since the beginning of the 21th century due to the high expectation and boost in production, domestic long and short film animations have been less favored compared to foreign animations because they are less entertaining. For small scale productions including students, it is easier to create short film animations due to small budget and short time frame. In addition, as shown in Pixar animation studios case, production of short film animations can lead to success in production of long film animations from better ideas and technology improvements. This research studies factors that contribute to entertainment and humor of short film animation by examining Pixar's short film animations based on Henri Bergson's comedy factors, which are shape, movement, situation and language, and personality. The most noticeable fact is that the humor by situation is found in all short films. Comedy aspect shown in the form of character's internal characteristic is something that has to be considered from the beginning of character design. Contribution of language is minor compared to movement or gesture, which are more often used to cause humor. Finally, character's personality has to be clear and decided beforehand in order to create comedy situations. After studying various short film animations, I found out that the more successfully humorous an animation is, the more it uses various combinations of the above mentioned comedy factors. By fully analyzing and adopting commercially and artistically successful Pixar's short film animations as the benchmark, planning and production of domestic short film animations can perform entertainment role both domestically and globally.
Media consumers in the context of the Internet and digital media are using the same content to a variety of platforms. As such, the content of various genres is converted to the form of a new content through the process of fusion, combination, transformation, differentiation, reproduction, etc on the basis of digital media. That is referred to as trans-media. In order to create the successful content in trans-media era, it requires the work of Edi-curation. Edi-curation work is the act of editing and adding meaning to the curation work of curators. In that sense, this paper analyzed the definition and meaning for Edi-curation of publishing and comic(webtoon) content in trans-media era. Edi-curation process induces the changing role of consumers and producers of content in the digital media experience. In process of Edi-curation, consumers(producers) will soon lead to a media producer(consumer), namely proconsumer / produser. Diversification of digital platforms and devices, digital 1 person (or SNS) appeared in the media, etc. are also required to Edi-curation of content and comic(webtoon) published in a variety of ways. Depending on the intention of media producers (or consumers), content through the process of replication, montage, disassembly, dismantling, hypertext, compression, and reconstruction births to new content. The work of Edi-curation has the significance that it affects the way the media producers work in creative process, as well as the reading content of the media consumers. In the publishing content, Edi-curation work is the logicality destruction of a chapter or a paragraph, a sentence of colloquialisms, card news, the deformation of the utilization of video and media content. Meanwhile in the comic(webtoon) content, we mention the destruction of cut(frame), the various modifications of speech bubbles, onomatopoeia, and mimetic word.
Animation documentary is a hybrid genre that is newly highlighted with opposite properties. The actual world is reproduced with an unrealistic method in documentary aspect, but the objectivity of documentaries cannot be guaranteed as the boundary of actual pictures and digital images has become ambiguous. As the animation documentary by Ari Folman succeeded in 2008, the focus of this study is on 'how can fictional animations prove the authenticity of documentaries?' in which the study is mainly conducted in documentary aspect. For this, the researcher considers visual style research has important role in understanding and developing a new video genre, and asserts the necessity of research on reproduction image that is produced by the characteristics of animation which is produced in frame units. This paper has contents on the visual style of animation documentaries with pictorial reproduction methods in which animation images were classified into 3 styles based on previous research on animation documentary style. Visual styles are classified into actual image that is based on similarity with reality to deliver objective facts, image that is transformed through emphasis and omission which are factors of animations, and surrealistic image that reproduces non-visual regions such as illusions and the inner side of characters. Through this study that analyzes visual style types and characteristics, animation documentaries are expected to position as a hybrid genre that illustrates reality with a new method instead of being included in the existing reproduction method of documentaries.
An amphibious inspection robot system (hereafter AIROS) is being developed to visually inspect the in-containment refueling storage water tank (hereafter IRWST) strainer in APR1400 instead of a human diver. Four IRWST strainers are located in the IRWST, which is filled with boric acid water. Each strainer has 108 sub-assembly strainer fin modules that should be inspected with the VT-3 method according to Reg. guide 1.82 and the operation manual. AIROS has 6 thrusters for submarine voyage and 4 legs for walking on the top of the strainer. An inverse kinematic algorithm was implemented in the robot controller for exact walking on the top of the IRWST strainer. The IRWST strainer has several top cross braces that are extruded on the top of the strainer, which can be obstacles of walking on the strainer, to maintain the frame of the strainer. Therefore, a robot leg should arrive at the position beside the top cross brace. For this reason, we used an image processing technique to find the top cross brace in the sole camera image. The sole camera image is processed to find the existence of the top cross brace using the cross edge detection algorithm in real time. A 5-DOF robot arm that has multiple camera modules for simultaneous inspection of both sides can penetrate narrow gaps. For intuitive presentation of inspection results and for management of inspection data, inspection images are stored in the control PC with camera angles and positions to synthesize and merge the images. The synthesized images are then mapped in a 3D CAD model of the IRWST strainer with the location information. An IRWST strainer mock-up was fabricated to teach the robot arm scanning and gaiting. It is important to arrive at the designated position for inserting the robot arm into all of the gaps. Exact position control without anchor under the water is not easy. Therefore, we designed the multi leg robot for the role of anchoring and positioning. Quadruped robot design of installing sole cameras was a new approach for the exact and stable position control on the IRWST strainer, unlike a traditional robot for underwater facility inspection. The developed robot will be practically used to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the inspection of nuclear power plant components.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the present status of several environmental problems caused by emerging toxic substances such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and arsenic in various environmental media in Vietnam. Monitoring data reported during the 1990s demonstrated elevated contamination of DDTs in most of these compartments in Vietnam. Studies in frame of the Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program revealed that fish, mussels and resident birds from Vietnam contained higher concentrations of DDTs as compared to other countries in region, suggesting the role of Vietnamese environment as a significant emission source of DDT in the Southeast Asian region. The estimated dietary intakes of PCBs and DDTs for Vietnamese were relatively high among Asian developing countries, suggesting potential risk for humans posed by thesechemicals. Widespread contamination of some endocrine active compounds such as alkylphenols and phthalates was observed at various sites along the coasts of northern and middle Vietnam. The presence of significant source of bisphenol-A along Red River estuary was revealed with the concentrations comparable to those reported for developed nations. A case study on seasonal variation of alkylphenols and phthalates in surface water of river delta and estuary of north and middle Vietnam indicated the differences in distribution of these compounds between dry and rainy seasons. Higher concentrations of alkylphenols and phthalates were found in dry season in estuary; while the contrasting pattern was observed in the river delta, showing elevated residues in rainy season. This result suggests the different behavior of alkylphenols and phthalates in river delta and coastal environment. From ecotoxicological perspectives, concentrations of bis-phenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates [DEHP] in surface water from some locations in Vietnam exceeded the guideline values for Ecotoxicological Effects and the Environmental Risk Limit, respectively, suggesting potential for toxic implications on aquatic wildlife. Widespread and elevated arsenic contamination was discovered inour recent surveys in groundwater in a large area of suburban areas of Hanoi city, the capital of Vietnam. The most recent investigation in 4 villages showed about more than 50 % of groundwater samples contained As concentrations exceeding 50 g/L (the WHO and Vietnamese standard). In particular, in Son Dong villages, 58 % of samples analyzed contained As concentrations higher than 200 g/L. Good correlations were found in As concentrations in water and hair and urine of peoples in corresponding families, suggesting the chronic exposure to As by people living in As-contaminated ground water areas. In Son Dong village, As levels in hair (mean: 1.7 mg/kg dry wt) and urine (g/g creatinine) exceeding the reference values recommended by WHO, suggesting potential for human risk posed by long term accumulation of As in human body. Future studies should be focused on the time trends of POPs and EDCs in biota in Vietnam in order to predict future trend of contamination and to reveal new clues for understanding possible toxic impacts on aquatic organisms. The issues of arsenic contamination in groundwater and their chronic toxic implications on human health should be systematically investigated in the future.
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