• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.393-410
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• 2012

Conventional geotechnical instrumentation techniques available for monitoring of slopes, especially soil-nailed slopes have limitations such as electromagnetic interference, low accuracy, poor longterm reliability and difficulty in mounting a series of strain sensors on a soil nail bar with a small-diameter. This paper presents a slope monitoring system based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. This monitoring system is designed to perform long-term monitoring of slope movements, strains along soil nails, and other slope reinforcement elements. All these FBG sensors are fabricated and calibrated in laboratory and a trial of this monitoring system has been successfully conducted on a roadside slope in Hong Kong. As part of the slope stability improvement works, soil nails and a toe support soldier-pile wall were constructed. During the slope works, more than 100 FBG sensors were installed on a soil nail, a soldier pile, and an in- place inclinometer. The paper presents the layout and arrangement of the instruments as well as the installation procedures adopted. Monitoring data have been collected since March 2008. This trial has demonstrated the great potential of the optical fibre monitoring system for long-term monitoring of slope performance. The advantages of the slope monitoring system and experience gained in the field implementation are also discussed in the paper.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide a database for the reduction of road-kills in the Odaesan National Park. To accomplish this task, investigations were conducted on the road-kills that occurred in the period from 2003 to 2007. The results of investigations are as follows: 427 road-kill cases were reported during the period, and the road-kill victims turned out to be mostly small mammals. Among mammals and reptiles the road-kill occurrence rate of squirrels and garters was higher than that of other species, and in the case of birds, the road-kill occurrence rate of yellow-throated bunting was the highest. The road-kill accidents of mammals and reptiles took place more frequently during the summer and autumn, while those of birds during the spring and summer. The increase of road-kill occurrence rate was found to be related to the activity and breeding period of wild animals, as well as to the increase of vehicles. The occurrence rate of road-kills was also found to be influenced by the type of land use on the roadside. Furthermore, the occurrence rate increased significantly when the roads passed through dry fields.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.253-260
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• 2008

This paper is based on the ubiquitous network of telematics technology, equipped with a black box to the car by a unique address given to IPv6. The driver's black box at startup and operation of certification, and the car's driving record handling video signals in real-time sensor signals handling to analyze the records. Through the recorded data is encrypted transmission, and the Ubiquitous network of base stations, roadside sensors through seamless mobility and location tracking data to be generated. This is a file of Transportation Traffic Operations Center as a unique address IPv6 records stored in the database. The car is equipped with a black box used on the road go to Criminal cases, the code automotive black boxes recovered from the addresses and IPv6, traffic records stored in a database to compare the data integrity verification and authentication via secure. This material liability in the courtroom and the judge Forensic data are evidence of the recognition as a highly secure. convenient and knowledge in the information society will contribute to human life.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2010

In order to development medicinal Artemisia herbs of high quality, Korean A. annua L. were investigated with its ecological and morphological characteristics, and basic statistical data of agronomic characteristics. This species, which is annual herb, is mainly distributed to marginal land, riverside, roadside, grassland. Ecological niche is low species in competition of the others. Its pollination is basically anemogamous, but is frequency pollinated by insects. This species is characterized as tap root, 1~3 pinnate compound leaf of ovate or narrowly ovate, stem is green, erect and solitary. Inflorescence is paniculate, receptacle is not hair. Capitulum, consist of ray floret and disk floret, is subglobose shape. Additionally, this species could be easily discriminated from related Artemisia herbs by the capitulum size. Ray floret is female, disk floret is bisexual. Flowering season is from August to October. Seed is achene unattached hair. Stem length ranged from 179 cm to 225 cm, and stem diameter and number of branch were $17.14\;{\pm}\;1.68\;mm$, $2.43\;{\pm}\;0.51\;mm$, respectively. Length and width of leaf were $14.5\;{\pm}\;0.5\;cm$, $15.0\;{\pm}\;1.0\;cm$, and leaf number of main stem were $48.06\;{\pm}\;10.57\;cm$, respectively. Fresh weight of aerial parts and root were $364.7\;{\pm}\;14.1\;g$, $32.6\;{\pm}\;5.1\;g$, and its dry weight were $136.6\;{\pm}\;10.0\;g$, $14.9\;{\pm}\;2.34\;g$, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2008

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and m-, p-, and o-xylene, the most influential aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were measured in Bangkok, Thailand, one of the most rapidly developing urban areas in Southern East Asia. The purpose of this study is to characterize the ambient air quality with respect to above mentioned aromatic compounds. The data were monitored in ten sites which cover roadside area, residential area and background area. Canister technique was used to obtain air sample at 24 hour interval per a month during April-August in 2007. GC/MS with three stage preconcentrator was used to analyze these samples. The average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene m-, p-xylene and o-xylene are 5.8, 36.1, 4.1, 11.0 and $3.7{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. They were observed to be distributed in a log-normal form. Moreover, o-xylene and m, p-xylene exhibited a very good correlation (r=0.976). The slope of the regression equation between them was 3.07 which consisted with a previous reported value. The average ratio of toluene to benzene was 6.4 in April, May June and August. This value was comparable to the ones measured in other Asian cities. Two types of statistical analyses, cluster and factor analyses, were applied to the data in this study. Well characterization was made to understand the air quality of Bangkok area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

Two naturalized allien species are reported from Jeju Island: Papaver setigerium collected from the ground along the road in lowland Veronica serpyllifolia collected from the roadside and ranches on alt. 400-800 m. P. setigerium is similar to P. somniferum, but different from the latter by plant height of 30-70 cm, shorter discoid stigma than fruit in diameter, somewhat sparsely bristly on stems, leaves and calyxes. V. serpyllifolia is similar to V. tenella in morphology, but different from the latter by short plant height, petiolated leaves on lower stem and serrated leaf margins.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

This paper was able to indicate to the results the following thing that attempted a required potential development demand, through the contents and cost analysis in Rural Community Development Project. Nowadays, Rural Areas comparatively have a lot of development demands related to improvements environmental of residence life and construction of Urban-Rural Exchange Facility, on the other and, there is comparatively a few facilities demands regarding agriculture production. Demand is cold storage facilities and agricultural products direct sale facilities expansion to be able to raise value added of agricultural products as facilities related comparatively a little agriculture production, and an improvement of residence life comparatively has a lot of repair environmental uninhabited house repair, river-front and the roadside, rest shelter creation demands. However, that should be forecasted so that aging of rural, population decrease and development demand is caused by a lot of issues such as maintenances operation of many Urban-Rural Exchange Facilities and a similar program and content has a lot of them in bilateral adjacent zones. Therefore, in the future plan shall attempt efficiency operating facilities and a program through characterization and network of zone so that facilities and program can have complementary relation in the adjacent zones. And item development and an investor are necessary regarding new labor force supply for continuous value maintenance of space and returning to the farm that there were the reverse agriculture production and Amenity which are an rural village. Furthermore, developmental plan of rural village is necessary through the demand analyses that a citizen wishing for things.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

This study examined and investigated architectural characteristics such as the use of buildings, the number of layers, and structure, and roof landscape characteristics such as roof types, materials, and color in rural villages which were located on the street on the assumption that the landscape of rural villages should be managed by considering visual aspects. The results were as follows. The commonest frequency was found in 'residence'(2/3) for the use of buildings and 'masonry structure'(2/3) for the structure. 'Wood structure' and 'light gauge steel structure(prefabricated structure)' were also commonly found. The results suggest that although many rural houses have partially improved by agricultural and fishery development projects and garden suburbs has been increased by city residents' desire for rural life, there have been still many old houses. Frequently used roof types were a gambrel roof and a hipped roof. Roof materials were mixed in several materials such as tiles, slate, panels, color steel plate, reinforced concrete, and asphalt shingles. Roof color was also mixed in several colors such as reddish N7 and N0.5 of Neutral color, 10R3/6 and 10R3/10 of R color, 7.5B4/10 and 7.5B7/8 of B color and 5G8/6 of G color. The result suggests that roof color impedes the landscape of rural villages on the street. Based on the results, some roofs of rural villages were improved by the support of the government or the local governments but there are still many old roofs. The mixture of improved roofs and old roofs mainly contributed to impeding the landscape of rural villages and it was probably caused by the lack of systematic landscape plans by individual improvement of buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to devise systematic landscape plans in consideration of local identity and neighboring environment. In particular, the guideline for roof color influencing a street landscape should be established.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

3D image mosaicking is useful for 3D visualization of the roadside scene of urban area by projecting 2D images to the 3D planes. When a sequence of images are filmed from a side-looking video camera passing long distance areas, the ghost effect in which same objects appear repeatively occurs. To suppress such ghost effect, the long distance range areas are detected by using the distance between the image frame and the 3D coordinate of tracked optical flows. The ghost effects are suppressed by projecting the part of image frames onto 3D multiple planes utilizing vectors passing the focal point of frames and a virtual focal point. The virtual focal point is calculated by utilizing the first and last frames of the long distance range areas. We demonstrate algorithm that creates efficient 3D Panoramic mosaics without the ghost effect at the long distance area.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.56
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• pp.15-38
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• 1998

Biomass and soil properties of plant communites was investigated in the limestone ares, Tanyang, Ch'ungbuk Province in Korea. Plants was classified in calcicoles and calcifuges within plant communities occurring in the limestone area. Biomass of plant populatins in the limestone area was measured that Stellaria aquatica was the lowest(0.58g/plant), Chrysanthemum boreale was the highest(8.87g/plant) and that Pennisetum alopecuroides, Miscanthus sinensis was 6.67g/plant, 5.76g/plant, respectively. Diameter of breast height among the tree layer communities was investigated that Pinus densiflora was the widest(20cm), Juniperus rigida was the narrowest(6cm) and that Quercus aliena, Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa was 10cm, 12cm, respectively. The high of density in the tree layer was found out Populus ${\times}$ tomentiglandulosa, Juniperus rigida, Quercus aliena, Pinus densiflora in this order. Dominant species in the study area were Pinus densiflora, Quercus aliena, Juniperus rigida, Quercus dentata in the tree layer, Lespedeza bicolor, Buxus microphylla, Rhus chinensis in the shrub layer, Humulus Japonicus, Erigeron canadensis, Xanthium strumarium, Oenothera odorata Persicaria hypropiper on the riverside, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Vicia amoena, Chrysanthemum boreale on the roadside. Soil properties of the limestone area was investigated around the protrusion of rock in the upper region, around the cave and underlayer accumulated by corrosion in the study area. Lime-chlorosis was observed in the upper region, underlayer and around the cave. It was observed that biota of kum-gul and dungbong-gul was Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai, Epanerchodus kimi, Antrokoreana gracilipes, Diestrammena japonical. Dominant species were Humulus japonicus, Stellaria aquatica, Hydrocotyle maritima, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sinensis around the inlet of a kum-gul. It was classified that plants in the study area was 34 order, 53 family, 135 species in all. Calcicoles were 11 order, 16 family, 18 species and calcufuges were 6 order, 8 family, 11 species of them all.