• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Recently, a number of OBU(On Board Unit) have being spreaded since ETCS(Electronic Toll Collection System)using DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) was installed in the tollgate of the whole country. Many R&D and commercialization related to ITS service using DSRC and OBU mentioned above are ongoing such as traffic information collection and provision and a signal control, and public traffic information and management and so on. Especially, there are many researches conducted(conducting) on traffic information collection and provision using communication between OBU and RSE. However, Standards for both DSRC application and traffic collection and provision are not established clearly yet. So we would like to suggest a method of traffic information collection and provision without changing of standard related to DSRC. This method is to put the traffic messages into the existing Action primitive for ETC, which is described on "Technical criterion IV of basic traffic information exchange" which was notified by Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. Proposed standard application method is applied both to RSE and OBE. It is the same system which ETCS used in highway, currently. We confirmed the efficiency and performance of the system through conducting a variety of driving test using 4 vehicles in real road condition. Result of the real road test shows the effectiveness and validity of this method with about 97% communication success rate and based on studying the cases of 3% communication failure, we can analyse the expected problems in traffic information collection and provision using this method.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2001

Agricultural products can be damaged due to the vibration of transporting trailer on the off-road. So, this study was conducted to identify the vibration characteristics of the agricultural products transporting trailer by measuring the vertical acceleration according to positions on the trailer loaded with agricultural products. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. At non-operating state of engine, the larger vertical acceleration was occurred at rear side compared with front side in the case of 4.5Hz of vibration frequency. But, in the case of 53.5Hz of frequency, the maximum vertical acceleration at front side of trailer was higher than value at rear side. So, the maximum acceleration at front side of the trailer was increased with the increase in frequency. 2. At operating state of engine, the maximum vertical acceleration at front side of the trailer was increased with the increase in frequency. 2 At operating state of engine, the maximum vertical acceleration delivered through the hitch from the engine was occurred at front side of the trailer as $3.0\times10^{-3}m/s^2$, in the case of 8.75Hz of frequency. But, in the case of 102.5Hz of high frequency, the maximum vertical acceleration was occurred at rear side of the trailer. 3. When the power tiller loaded with pear of 325kg was travelling on the artificial uneven road of 3cm height, the maximum acceleration was occurred at rear side of the trailer as $4.7\times10^{-3}m/s^2$at 3.75Hz of frequency. But, that was occurred at diagonal of the trailer 43.5Hz and 91.25Hz, which meant that there was rolling and pitching on the trailer. 4. At operating state of engine, the mean acceleration of the trailer delivered through the hitch according to the increase in frequencies was showed the maximum value at range of 40-90Hz. At rear side of traiㅣer, the maximum value was occurred at about 40Hz, and that was reduced according to the increase in frequencies and diminished at about 100Hz. 5. When the power tiller loaded with pear of 32.5kg was travelling on the artificial uneven road of 3cm height, the mean acceleration by the increase in frequencies was showed lower level at rear side than front side of the trailer. This was opposite configuration to the Hinsch’s results tested with air-conditioned truck. This means that the shorter length of the trailer, the more effect of engine vibration is transferred to the front side of trailer.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

In BIM environments for infrastructures, civil structures such as road, bridge and tunnel etc., created into 3D objects, integrated with their properties, securing BIM design productivity is very critical during 3D modeling. To solve this issue, configuring BIM libraries so that the users can utilize prefabricating in advance 3D objects that have been applying repeatedly during BIM design is essential so much. Current BIM libraries have made focused on Ready-Made for architectural facilities. However, establishing environment for delivering BIM library for civil facilities is very sparse. Accordingly, this study developed a web-based sharing system for delivering BIM library contents based on standardized drawing for civil area. To do this, we have analyzed core features and operation system of BIM library sharing system in domestic and overseas. Besides, functional requirements that are necessary for developing BIM library sharing system was derived, and through operation scenario configuration, the web-based system was developed according to the detailed mechanism. It is expected that this system can enhance BIM design productivity during library based modeling, and can be utilized as construction supporting tools that can help construction managers to make a design change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of layout of Jinhae's educational facilities from the perspective of space syntactic changes since the era of Japanese Imperialism. The observations that we made in this research are summarized as the following three points. First, most of the educational facilities are located near the integrated space. Axes of roads near educational facilities display similar spatial patterns as those of entire Jinhae. Second, the level of local integration has been rising near the site of elementary schools for the past decades, and the level of local integration near middle and high schools recently began to rise around the new town. Third, the level of integration is strongly related with the levels of local integration, and the locations of educational facilities are also related with the level of local integration. It implies that the locations of educational facilities are determined not by Jinhae's overall street composition but by nearby road composition.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2022

Automobile manufacturers in each country are spurring the development of electric vehicles that use electric energy, an eco-friendly energy, as a futuristic vehicle. Electric vehicles have the advantage of no harmful gas or environmental pollution and low noise. Unlike automobiles using existing internal combustion engines using fossil fuels, electric vehicles use the electricity of batteries to cause rotational motion of motors. In the electric vehicle driven by the motor, it is indispensable to develop a controller for controlling the motor. One of the areas where automobile manufacturers are concentrating is the development of small electric vehicles as a personal transportation means. Small electric vehicles such as electric motorcycles, one-seat electric vehicles and two-seat electric vehicles are expanding the market as a means of operating throughout the city. In the domestic road conditions with many hills, it is effective to have a separate transmission system for small electric vehicles to drive smoothly. In this study, we propose a new type of continuously variable transmission(CVT) system to ensure that small electric vehicles can be driven smoothly in hilly domestic terrain. The proposed CVT system is equipped with a basic disk and a rotational disk in the driving pulley and the driven pulley, respectively, and is applied with a sloping spline to rotate the rotational disk. To commercialize the proposed CVT system, an experimental device was developed to examine the power transmission efficiency and the configuration of the CVT system was proposed.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 1982

The paddy fiels slope located in Kangweon province Hwyongsung gun Gonggeun myon Shinchonri was considerably steep and so it was impossible to economically consolidate the field up to date. But for the porpose of farm mechanization, the field (32. 27ha) was consolidated by the auther under the assitance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery and,;the Administration of Kangweon province. This paddy field consolidation was caused by the treatise on "Land-consolidation methods for farm mechanization in the steep-sloped paddy field", of which the auther is the same. The constrution was carried out from September, 1981 to April, 1982. During the 4esign and construction, some Peculiarities were found and discussed. That is, in design, besides the common condititions for a design, some special conditions were considered and written below; (1) The ranges of field slope in this design were 1/100-1/30. (2) Long sides of the land readjustment blocks must be arranged abreast contour line, and so they make the amount of cutting and banking decreased so as to take the maximum advantage of the configuration of the field. (3) In design, the main principles of dividing blocks were written below; i) First of all, long side of a block should be drawn straight abreast a contour line. ii) Long side of a block should arrange abreast contour line and make its length 100-150m, if not, l)reak the side in order to make a bended rectangle. iii) Length of a short side should be determinded within differences of elevation (0.6 -1. 2m) between the two adjacent blocks toward the normal to a contour line. iv) Length of a short side should be above 15m and the ratio of long and short side should be slso kept 1: (4-6). v) A new field surface leveling was determinded from the elevation which produce the least amount of cuttingand banking within the range of 0.6-1. 2m diffe rences of elevation between the two adjacent blocks. vi) In the course of dividing blocks with the same width along the line which was normal to a contour line, all blocks connot keep their shape in a retangle because of steep slope of the field and so on, and so it was also necessory to make some non-retanglar and small blocks such as a trianglar or trapezoidal shape, which was impossible to use some of farm machinery. But because this non-rectanglar and small blocks were divided, larger and many rectanglar blocks can be divided and construction cost can also be lowered. According to the conditions discussed above, the paddy field consolidation project designed and constructed. And the results of this study were obtained as below; (1) Three-forth of total cost of this paddy field consolidation was not construction cost, and these cost consist of land grading (1/4), road and canal construction cost (1/4) and the other cost (1/4) such as surveying or materials and 56 on. (2) The steeper the land slope, the greater cost was assigned for road and canal construction, and than land grading. (3) Curtailment of the road and canal construction cost depended on simplificating their strutures. (4) In the case of the land slopes were low, the land grading cost was high by 1: 1.4 in comparison with the road and canal construction cost, and conversely when the slops were steep, the road and canal construction cost was high by 1 : 5 in compa- rison with the land grading cost. (5) The densities of irrigation canal, drainage canal and trunk and branch road were 150. Sm/ha, 60. im/ha and 17. 4m/ha respectively. The density of irrigation canal of the area was high by 2 times in comparison with the average one of Kangweon Province, and the others were nearly the same. (6) Most farmers (above 85%) knew the effects of paddy field consolidation. The effects are; 1) Improvement of irrigation 2) Improvement of farm management 3) Improvement of transportarion 4) farm mechanization and 5) grouping of the scattered land. And the more farm modernization was accomplished by these projects, the more farmers wanted to live in their land. (7) In spite of the very steep sloped paddy field, the diminution rate of the net farm land caused by consolidation was 7.7% which was nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain of Kangweon province. Land grading cost was 971, OOOwon/ha which was rather cheap by 13.2% than the one of Ghulweon plain, and unit construction cost was 5, 341, OOOwon/ha (included soil addition) which was also nearly the same as the one of Chulweon plain and FNFIA (The federation of national farmland improvement association).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.124-136
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• 2019

Autonomous driving at intersections requires assistance by exchanging traffic information between traffic objects due to the intersection of various vehicles and complicated driving environment. For this reason, traffic information exchange between adjacent intersections is required, but the node ID representing the intersection in the Korean standard node link system have limitations in updating intersections and identifying location information of intersections through IDs due to the configuration system including serial numbers. In this paper, we designed a coordinate-based intersection ID configuration system created by processing and merging two-dimensional coordinates of intersections to include location information in the intersection ID. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed intersection ID, we applied a new intersection ID to domestic intersections and confirmed that there are no duplicate values. Coordinate-based intersection ID reduces data size by 60% compared to existing node ID, and enables spatial queries such as searching for nearby intersections and extracting intersections in specific areas in the form of boxes without GIS tools. Therefore, coordinate-based intersection ID is expected to be more scalable and utilized than existing node ID.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

PURPOSES: This study aims to evaluate the runoff reduction with permeable pavements using the SWMM analysis. METHODS: In this study, simulations were carried out using two different models, simple and complex, to evaluate the runoff reduction when an impermeable pavement is replaced with a permeable pavement. In the simple model, the target area for the analysis was grouped into four areas by the land use characteristics, using the statistical database. In the complex model, simulation was performed based on the data on the sewer and road network configuration of Yongsan-Gu Bogwang-Dong in Seoul, using the ArcGIS software. A scenario was created to investigate the hydro-performance of the permeable pavement based on the return period, runoff coefficient, and the area of permeable pavement that could be laid within one hour after rainfall. RESULTS : The simple modeling analysis results showed that, when an impervious pavement is replaced with a permeable pavement, the peak discharge reduced from $16.7m^3/s$ to $10.4m^3/s$. This represents a reduction of approximately 37.6%. The peak discharge from the whole basin showed a reduction of approximately 11.0%, and the quantity decreased from $52.9m^3/s$ to $47.2m^3/s$. The total flowoff reduced from $43,261m^3$ to $38,551m^3$, i.e., by approximately 10.9%. In the complex model, performed using the ArcGIS interpretation with fewer permeable pavements applicable, the return period and the runoff coefficient increased, and the total flowoff and peak discharge also increased. When the return period was set to 20 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.05 was applied to all the roads, the total outflow reduced by $5195.7m^3$, and the ratio reduced to 11.7%. When the return period was increased from 20 years to 30 and 100 years, the total outflow reduction decreased from 11.7% to 8.0% and 5.1%, respectively. When a runoff coefficient of 0.5 was applied to all the roads under the return period of 20 years, the total outflow reduction was 10.8%; when the return period was increased to 30 and 100 years, the total outflow reduction decreased to 6.5% and 2.9%, respectively. However, unlike in the simple model, for all the cases in the complex model, the peak discharge reductions were less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS : Being one of the techniques for water circulation and runoff reduction, a high reduction for the small return period rainfall event of penetration was obtained by applying permeable pavements instead of impermeable pavement. With the SWMM analysis results, it was proved that changing to permeable pavement is one of the ways to effectively provide water circulation to various green infrastructure projects, and for stormwater management in urban watersheds.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.50-72
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• 1996

The typical Japanese house has the characteristics of open dwellings to make them cool in the hot and humid summer. And then the traditional town house 'Machiya', being built very closely to each other and walled up both sides, it has taken the open-oriented characteristics in itself. The purpose of this study is to clarify that the open-oriented of traditional 'Machiya' has been succeeded to the new 'Machiya' in the latest. The new 'Machiya' shows the open-oriented, taking the ventilative 'Huki-nuke' space of traditional 'Machiya' as the new spatial formal elements, in the changes such as scale material space organization. The characteristics of 'Huki-nuke' space are represented as follows ; 1. The facade of the traditional 'Machiya', which has taken on a semitransparent qualty, has been generally changed to the closing qualty except for the open parts of shop and garage. This facade of the new 'Machiya' has been taken to be in keeping with the existing town as much as possible. 2. A series of three rooms, composed of shop/living dining kitchen/room from the road, have been dispersed to every floors in a building with a very extensive scale. But this serial and linear type remains as the loosefit space, and the long dwellings of the upper stories are divided by type each dwelling unit. 3. 'Tori-niwa', which is a consecutive and penetrating space, connects the road with the rooms of dwelling and functions as the circulation of man thing energy, The new 'Machiya' changed to the multi-story, the corridor and the stair have been fumed up as the elements in the place of 'Tori-niwa' The 'Huki-nuke' space was locted in the hall, stairwell, living dining kitchen room, and so on. 4. The small court yard 'Tsubo-niwa' and back yard 'Ura-niwa' at the both ends of living spaces would be made a hole in a series of rooms and enclosed by the neighboring 'Machiya'. On the contrary the new 'Machiya' at present takes in the private and closing organization enclosing the innercourt. 5. The open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$ or ${\ulcorner}$Out${\lrcorner}$ is not brought out because of the delicate spatial formal configuration in the traditional 'Machiya'. But the open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$, all sides being closed by walls, is well brought out in the new 'Machiya'.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2006

The domestic standards which used the standards of Road Association of Japan standards presents the distances of between jet-fans by the caliber of jet-fan. However, the Permanent International Association of Road Congress (PIARC) encourages it to be ten times a diameter of the tunnel. The distance of jet-fans installed in bases of two standards differs as much as two times, as so the proper basis after analysis of internal air current is needed since such difference can lead to disadvantage for selection of ventilation configuration. Based on Froude modeling theory, 1/40 scale acrylic model of a tunnel (215mm in diameter and 6.9m in length) and jet-fan (26.3mm and 31.6mm in caliber) was made for the measurement of changes in pressure and velocity due to the extension of tunnel for analysis of internal air current. And we measured the changes in pressure of surroundings of a jet-fan for confirmation of recirculation due to the exterior airs when the jet-fan is on. The results of the model test show that internal air current was not influenced by the caliber of jet-fan and its changes in pressure and velocity were stable in the point where it was nine times of diameter of the tunnel. Also the recirculation when the jet-fan is on could be verified. According to such results, in the cases of installing jet-fan in tunnels, the distances between jet-fans needs to be more than nine times the diameter.