• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2009

교통 환경문제로 대표되는 차량의 배기가스에 의한 대기오염은 삶의 질과 국민보건에 대한 관심뿐 아니라 범세계적인 문제로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교통수요모형과 GIS를 이용하여 도로이동오염원에 대한 시공간적 고해상도의 배출량 산정 방식을 제시하여 정부와 지자체가 효과적으로 대기 질 개선 정책을 수립 추진할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 이에 차량의 통행특성을 반영하는 Bottom-Up Approach 기법을 기반으로 총 주행거리를 실측치로 보정한 교통모형과 차량의 특성에 적합한 배출계수를 적용할 수 있는 대기모형을 이용한 개선된 기법을 제시하였다. 즉, 새로운 대안으로 교통-대기 통합패러다임에 의해 이를 연계한 도로이동오염원의 배출량 산정기법을 제시함으로써, 도로이동오염원 배출량의 신뢰도 개선이 기대되어진다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2006

This study was designed to assess the level of nitrogen dioxide from several microenvironments including inside the home, outdoors near the home, inside the school, outdoors near the school, and on the road for 42 primary schoolchildren during the month of December 2002 in Seoul, Korea. The average personal, indoor, outdoor $NO_2$ levels, and indoor/outdoor ratio were 45.08 ppb, 27.89 ppb, 30.96 ppb, and 0.89, respectively. The indoor $NO_2$ concentrations were significantly associated with the presence of a smoker with a gas stove. The estimated personal $NO_2$ exposure using time-weighted average equation of $34.64{\pm}5.29$ ppb was significantly lower than the measured personal exposure of $45.08{\pm}5.50$ ppb. Our results indicate that indoor $NO_2$ levels were associated with the presence of a smoker and a gas stove. Moreover, personal $NO_2$ exposure with a gas stove in the house was significantly higher than those without a gas stove.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.147-177
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate and prioritize ten different sites in Iran's Khorasan provinces for the construction of wind farm. After studying the geography of the sites, nine criteria; including wind power, topography, wind direction, population, distance from power grid, level of air pollution, land cost per square meter, rate of natural disasters, and distance from road network-are selected for the analysis. Prioritization is performed using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The developed DEA model is validated through value engineering based on the results of brainstorming sessions. The results show that the order of priority of ten assessed candidate sites for installing wind turbines is Khaf, Afriz, Ghadamgah, Fadashk, Sarakhs, Bojnoord, Nehbandan, Esfarayen, Davarzan, and Roudab. Additionally, the outcomes extracted from the value engineering method identify the city of Khaf as the best candidate site. Six different wind turbines (7.5 to 5,000 kW) are considered in this location to generate electricity. Regarding an approach to produce and store hydrogen from wind farm installed in the location, the AREVA M5000 wind turbine can produce approximately $337ton-H_2$ over a year. It is an enormous amount that can be used in transportation and other industries.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2015

The information about the dispersion and scavenging of traffic-related pollutants at the locations near busy expressways is very helpful to highway planners for developing better plans to reduce exposures to air pollution for people living as well as children attending schools and child care centers near roadways. The objective of the current study was to give information in the dispersion and scavenging of vehicle-derived pollutants at the region near a busy urban expressway by a combination of two different model calculations. The modified Gaussian dispersion model and the Lagrange type below-cloud scavenging model were applied to evaluate $NO_x$ dispersion and DEP (Diesel exhaust particles) wet removal, respectively. The highest $NO_x$ was marked 53.17 ppb within 20-30 meters from the target urban expressway during the heaviest traffic hours (08:00AM-09:00AM) and it was 2.8 times higher than that of really measured at a nearby ambient measuring station. The calculated DEP concentration in size-resolved raindrops showed a continuous decreasing with increasing raindrop size. Especially, a noticeable decrease was found between 0.2 mm and 1.0 mm raindrop diameter.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2014

Economic growth with rising household income has put more vehicles on the roads worsening traffic congestion, road accidents, and air and noise pollution. This situation is further aggravated by the potential working population who choose to drive to work instead of taking public transportation. Public bus transport (PBT) plays an important role in alleviating these problems. PBT is underutilized in Malaysia, and there is an opportunity to increase ridership without substantial investment. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the use of PBT in Malaysia. The data were collected using structured questionnaires from 400 respondents. The results of the analysis show that the twin factors consisting of perceived satisfaction of and perceived importance by users towards safety and comfort of facilities and services offered by PBT are significantly related to intention to use those services. The satisfaction of availability of season tickets, the importance of reliability of bus schedule and time table, and the importance of ticket pricing are also significant. By providing insights for both public bus operators and the government, this paper contributes to mitigate the underutilization of PBT in Malaysia and the consequences of putting more vehicles on the roads. From the theory perspective, this paper also contributes by extending the theory of reasoned-action to transportation studies.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Despite the increasingly stringent automotive emissions regulations, the impact of vehicle emissions on air pollution remains large. In addition, since the issue of emission of more exhaust gas than the exhaust gas measured in the test room when the vehicle passing the exhaust gas regulation standard is run on the actual road, many countries studied and introduced gas regulations about Real Driving Emission using Portable Emission Measurement System. At present, Korea regulations restrict the number of NOx and PN in diesel vehicles. In the case of gasoline vehicles, there is no regulation on emission gas, but there is a problem of continuing automobile exhaust gas problems and a large amount of gasoline GDI vehicle's PN emission. So research and interest are increasing due to this problem. In this study, characteristics of exhaust gas depending on changes of ambient temperature were analyzed among various factors affecting exhaust gas measurement of gasoline vehicles. As a result, at the low temperature test, the lower the ambient temperature, the more the exhaust gas was emitted. At ordinary temperature test, no specific tendency was observed due to changes of ambient temperature.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.74-75
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• 2021

In the recent 2017 annual average fine dust concentration (PM2.5) statistics released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Korea has a high concentration of 25.14㎍/m3, which is about twice the average of 12.5㎍/m3 in OECD countries. Fine dust (PM2.5) is the main source of secondary pollutant production by the reaction of primary pollutants emitted from automobiles and thermal power plants, mainly composed of sulfates, nitrates, and organic carbon. The permeable block is an eco-friendly product that prevents rainwater from collecting on the surface of the road because it does not penetrate the groundwater properly, and is widely constructed on sidewalks or parking lots to recharge groundwater in case of rain. In addition, the pavement of the permeable block is a fundamental solution to reduce pollution by preventing rainwater from flowing into the stream, and it also has the advantage of easy replacement as well as low replacement costs. Therefore, this study was a basic experiment to produce permeable blocks mixed with TiO2 and diatomite to improve indoor air quality, and intended to analyze the flexural strength and compressive strength of permeable blocks mixed with TiO2.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.224-233
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• 1992

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 전주(全州)-군산간(群山間) 국도변(國道邊)에 열식(列植)된 20년생(年生) 왕벚나무에 대하여 식수대폭(植樹帶幅), 엽록소(葉綠素), Mg, 그리고 Na 함유량(含有量)을 분석(分析)하여 대기오염과 벚나무 성장(成長)과의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)하였다. 선정(選定)된 전주(全州)-군산간(群山間) 국도변(國道邊) 양측(兩側)(좌(左), 우(右)) 10개의 지점(地點)에서 각(各) 지점(地點)당 5그루 씩 총(總) 100주(株)에 있어서 수관중간부위(樹冠中間部位) 성숙엽(成熟葉)을 분석재료(分析材料)로 한 것은 전보(前報)와 같다. (1) 기록상(記錄上) 전주(全州), 이리(裡里), 군산지역(群山地域)은 주로 편서풍(偏西風)의 영향(影響)을 받고 있으며, (2) 수고(樹高)는 평균(平均) 5.7m, 흉고직경(胸髙直徑)은 25~30cm의 범위를 보였고 도로우측수목(道路右側樹木)의 흉고직경(胸髙直徑)이 좌측수목(左側樹木)의 흉고직경(胸髙直徑)보다 더 크게 나타났으며, 수관폭(樹冠幅)은 5.5~7.5m, 지하고(枝下髙)는 1.3~1.4m였다. (3) 식수대(植樹帶)의 평균폭(平均幅)은 160~170cm였다. (4) 총(總) 엽록소(葉綠素) 함유량(含有量)은 전주(全州)-이리간(裡里間)이 $8.60{\sim}9.31(ml/cm^2)$, 이리-군산간(群山間)은 $9.24{\sim}10.74(ml/cm^2)$의 범위를 보여 이리(裡里)-군산간(群山間)의 총(總) 엽록소(葉綠素) 함유량(含有量)이 더 높게 나타났다. (5) 엽록소(葉綠素) 함유량(含有量)은 도로좌측시료(道路左側試料)가 도로(道路) 우측시료(右側試料)보다 낮게 나타났다. (군산(群山)을 향(向)하여 좌우측(左右側)으로 나눔) (6) Mg 및 Na 함유량(含有量)은 이리(裡里)-군산간(群山間) 시료(試料)가 전주(全州)-이리간(裡里間) 시료(試料)보다 높게 나타났으며 도로(道路) 좌우측간(左右測間)의 차(差)는 없었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2011

To explore the sources of carbonaceous material in the airborne particulate matter (PM), comprehensive PM sampling was performed (3 to 14 January 2010) at a traffic hot spot site (HS), Farm Gate, Dhaka using several samplers: AirMetrics MiniVol (for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$) and MOUDI (for size fractionated submicron PM). Long-term PM data (April 2000 to March 2006 and April 2000 to March 2010 in two size fractions ($PM_{2.2}$ and $PM_{2.2-10}$) obtained from two air quality-monitoring stations, one at Farm Gate (HS) and another at a semi-residential (SR) area (Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka Campus, (AECD)), respectively were also analyzed. The long-term PM trend shows that fine particulate matter concentrations have decreased over time as a result of government policy interventions even with increasing vehicles on the road. The ratio of $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ showed that the average $PM_{2.5}$ mass was about 78% of the $PM_{10}$ mass. It was also found that about 63% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass is $PM_1$. The total contribution of BC to $PM_{2.5}$ is about 16% and showed a decreasing trend over the years. It was observed that $PM_1$ fractions contained the major amount of carbonaceous materials, which mainly originated from high temperature combustion process in the $PM_{2.5}$. From the IMPROVE TOR protocol carbon fraction analysis, it was observed that emissions from gasoline vehicles contributed to $PM_1$ given the high abundance of EC1 and OC2 and the contribution of diesel to $PM_1$ is minimal as indicated by the low abundance of OC1 and EC2. Source apportionment results also show that vehicular exhaust is the largest contributors to PM in Dhaka. There is also transported $PM_{2.2}$from regional sources. With the increasing economic activities and recent GDP growth, the number of vehicles and brick kilns has significantly increased in and around Dhaka. Further action will be required to further reduce PM-related air pollution in Dhaka.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.465-482
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• 2011

To preserve atmospheric environment of urban areas, it needs to create urban space considering air pollution sources and natural and geographical properties such as wind circulation. According to this study could examine climate and environmental characteristics of Daegu and accordingly suggest a climate map in urban environment and an "advice map" in urban planning. The urban area(area paved with asphalt and concrete) of Daegu has increased by more than five times since 1960. In addition, the analysis of thermal environment through satellite data shows that the surface temperature between a place paved with artificial structures and a farmland shows $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ difference during the daytime in the summer. Regarding the parks inhibiting the heat island of a city have the small area of trees, and the road paved with concrete is wide so that they hardly serve as the source of heat absorption. As Apsan is located to the south of Daegu and Palgonsan to the north and Daegu has east high west low type, mountain wind from mountains in the south and north passes a city and delivers heat and air pollutions at night. In the west of Daegue, there is the poorest environment and industrial facilities and environmental basic facilities are mostly located, so large residential complexes that are being built around the industrial facilities as if they set up a folding screen and therefore the poor environment is increasingly worse.