• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to introduce the current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. 1. In order to change the recent direction of the forest conservation and erosion control projects which are focused on the restoration of stream side ecology, we have to quit the past erosion control policy such as water control purpose, and establish new plans regarding on the forest conservation and erosion control which is considered the regional environmental restoration of watershed. 2. When we restore stream side and river side ecosystem, we should establish restoration plans which can keep the original nature of stream and river. 3. The forest conservation and erosion control construction projects for the restoration of stream and river ecosystem should be planned for the perfect restoration of their ecosystem by way of sustainable maintenance and management. 4. The restoration direction of stream and river ecosystem needs to be planned to restore the diversity of small geographies such as waterway, shoal and puddles rather than flattening of stream bed. 5. The main principle in the restoration of stream and river ecosystem is to accomplish forest conservation and erosion control construction projects which can conserve the existing stream and river ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Background: In Korea, riparian zones and some floodplains have been converted into agricultural fields and urban areas. However, there are essential for maintaining biodiversity, as they are important ecological spaces. There are also very important spaces for humanity, as they perform various ecosystem services in a changing environment including climate change. Due to the importance of rivers, river restoration projects have been promoted for a long time, but their achievement has been insignificant. Development should be pursued by thoroughly evaluating the success of the restoration project. Ecological restoration is to accelerate succession, a process that a disturbed ecosystem recovers itself, with human assistance. Ecological restoration can be a test bed for testing ecological theories in the field. In this respect, ecological restoration should go beyond a 'simple landscaping exercise' and apply ecological models and theories in restoration practice. Results: The cross-section of the restored stream is far from natural rivers due to its steep slope and artificial material. The vegetation profiles of the restored streams did not reflect the flooding regime of the river. The species composition of the vegetation in the restored stream showed a significant difference from that of the reference stream, and was also different from that of an unrestored urban stream. Although species richness was high and the proportion of exotic species was low in the restored stream, the effect was offset by the high proportion of gardening and landscaping plants or obligate terrestrial plants. Conclusions: Based on both the morphological and ecological characteristics of the river, the restoration effect in the restored stream was evaluated to be very low. In order to solve the problems, a systematic adaptive management plan is urgently required. Furthermore, it is necessary to institutionalize the evaluation of restoration effects for the development of river restoration projects in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

About 50% of the population and 75% of the properties concentrate on the flood plain in Japan. The rivers have intimate relationship with our lives. Those conditions have been seen after modern river improvement projects that began about a century ago. The technology which was introduced from foreign countries was improved in conformity with geographical features and the climate condition of our nation, and has redeveloped as a Japanese original technology. In 1940's, Japan had serious natural disasters that were caused by large- scale typhoons. Those typhoons wiped out everything completely. Even though the government realized the importance of flood control and management after those natural disasters, civil work still aimed to economic development. Those construction works have become the one of factors for concentrating population and degrading natural environment in urban areas. Deterioration of river environment has become serious issue in urban development and main cause of pollution. The approaches for environmental restorations which were started about 30 years ago aimed to harmonize with nature environment and cities and human lives. There have been going on many projects called 'river environmental improvement projects', the 'nature friendly river works' and 'natural restoration projects.' The society has tried to find a way to live in harmony with nature. As for societies symbiotic with habitats will form the safe country in the history and the spectacle. Such as the symbiotic of the river or the basin where discharge, water quality, nature, the history, landscape, the local society and also for culture were built in is achieved. Examples of working, applied to restoration technologies and the one to describe the mechanism construction are been shown in the paper. Furthermore, write for an international spread of the river technology of Japan to attempt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-28
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• 2017

A protected area means a space designated and protected by law from development pressure and environmental pressure. It is mainly designated to protect specific ecosystems, natural landscapes, and cultural resources from irrational development (or damage), and involves policies of the public sector such as central and local governments. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has conducted conservation and restoration projects for preserving natural ecosystems and genetic resources. In order to conserve the ecosystem in the protected area, national and public organizations purchase private land and use it ecologically; in addition, ecological restoration project is carried out for the purpose of creating waterside ecological belt or preserving ecosystem. Land acquisition refers to the land where highly influenced by the water quality and need to restore, and purchased by negotiating with the landlord. Although the nation and public institution carried out ecosystem restoration project for partial purchase land in order to conserve ecosystem, it is below the expected effect due to lack of comprehensive management system and have some problems in restoration project and unification of management institutions. Land acquisition in Donggang River Basin Ecological Conservation area is initiated in 2005 for creating income of local residents and ecological restoration. However, the lack of overall management and awareness resulted in poor vegetation growth and poor response by local residents due to terrain exposure. As such, there is insufficient research on the current situation and systematic integrated management although the number of land acquisition is increasing year after year. Futhermore, overall recognition and follow-up monitoring of eco-restoration are still inadequate. Therefore, the survey on the awareness of the purchase land ecosystem restoration project is necessary for the efficient restoration project and establishment of the management strategy for land acquisition in the future. Therefore, in this study, we provide fundamental materials on further research projects by carrying out research on the awareness of ecological restoration projects in the Donggang River basin ecological preservation area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09b
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• pp.1389-1390
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• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2009

This study was designed to present a river model with an aim at restoring the ecosystem and improving the landscape along the urban rivers on the basin of the Namhan river, a core life channel for the National Capital region. The revelation of botanical status, transition trend and correlation of plants might lead to providing the urban river restoration projects and ecological river formation projects with basic data for a model of ideal aquatic ecology and landscape. The outcomes of this study could be summed up as follows: 1. Communities of Juglans mandshurica, Cornus controversa and Fraxinus mandshurica constitute the main portion of flora at or around uppermost branch streams of the River Namhanis harbored mainly in and around small brooks 2. Typical terrestrial forest communities formed around the River Namhan are composed mainly of Larix leptolepis, Pinus rigida, planned forestation of Pinus koraiensis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora. 3. The analysis into terrestrial environment of plant communities showed a high content of $P_2O_5$, typical communities found in the artificially disturbed land Finally, it seems also desirable to continue to make every exertion to explore the relationship between fluvial and terrestrial ecologies with a purport of building up a model of natural streams in urban area based on the surveyed factors for plant life, forest communities, soil and landscape and, moreover, on the forecasting for overall influences derived from the relation upon the ecosystem.

• KCID journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.16-28
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• 2007

In this study, the implications for landscape architecture in the restoration Project of Cheonggyecheon will be shown through the analysis of factors for landscape architect scheme modification. The method of study consists of theoretical study, analysis of the plan and design of landscape architecture of the restoration project of Cheonggyecheon, and deduction of implications thereof. The controversial feints included the many difficulties in realizing the productive design of landscape architecture due to the selective collecting of public opinion and the problems of settling the complications, the design limit of the turnkey and MA systems, the lack of hydraulic knowledge and technology and the shortage of vegetation monitoring data and experimental materials. The alternative proposals are as follows: 1) there should be agreement between the government organization and the civil group, 2) in the turnkey bidding for the river restoration projects, the river restoration design based on the volume divided into some parts should be reconsidered in order to maintain consistency in the total design, 3) in order to maintain consistency in the planning policies, MA designs should also be introduced and applied from the first stage of the project through its completion, and 4) data such as the safe water level in case of flooding for the facilities and the vegetation and data in connection with the ecological restoration of river should be accumulated. If these controversies are not settled effectively, the river restoration project will be delayed due to complications with the citizens and wasted time and effort will result from the frequent design changes. In addition, landscape architecture in this kind of restoration project is bound to decrease in the future due to frequent changes in the hydraulic-centered design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.85-95
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• 2015

Recent years, nationwide projects for ecological restoration are implemented with emerging issues on the stream ecosystem. In order to enhance effectiveness of the ecosystem restoration and reduce negative impact, the appraisal of effectiveness through the follow-up monitoring and the adaptive management process are executed in consecutive phase. In this study, planning phase, monitoring and adaptive management in Hakui stream which is part of An Yang stream restoration project is introduced as representative ongoing case of effective adaptive management. The aim of this study is to verify the adaptive management process and suggest direction of effective restoration. Restoration project of Hakui stream resulted in increasing number and diversity of species (vegetation, fish, bird, invertbrates, amphibian and reptilia) according to monitoring from 2004 to 2013, and enhancing natural river landscape by evaluation of river naturalness among 2001(before restoration), 2007 (after), 2015 (recent). However, excessive vegetation expansion or sediment deposition on channel over time caused unexpected results such as terrestrialization or degradation of habitats. Adaptive management action such as removing disturbance species (Humulus japonicus)(2007), coppicing willow (2007), release of march snail (2007), creation of wetland (2014) were implemented based on monitoring results. And then appraisal of management action was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2013

This study was conducted to make a biotop planning and construct 3 types of biotop by each site conditions. Three sites of different types in ecological and scenery conservation area of the Dong-gang river were selected by expert brain-storming process and constructed terrestrial biotops and aquatic biotops. Targets of 3 sites were set up such as constructing a habitat for Kaloula borealis and an ecological education place, building a terrestrial biotopes and monitoring the natural vegetation succession, and constructing a habitat for Luciola unmunsana Doi. The study results can be applied hereafter to ecological restoration projects, after construction of habitat, the priority should be prepare measures of monitoring and maintenance, hereafter continuous study on ecological restoration should be performed actively through construction of biotope and wild animals and plants habitat.