• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.161-170
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• 2022

The maintenance of bridges installed in rivers is carried out through facility safety inspection and repair & reinforcement procedures according to the results. Many studies have been so far conducted on the safety check of the bridge upperstructure because of the ease of access. However as it is impossible to directly investigate whether the pier foundation installed in the river has been scoured. Management of underwater foundations has remained based on theory. In this study, the scour of the bridge foundation installed in such a river was realized in 3D form by using an echo sounder and VRS. This made it possible to predict the scour pattern through comparison and analysis with the ground height of the riverbed at the time of the bridge installation. Based on these results, if the pier foundation is used as an initial data to determine whether or not local scour is present and to predict long-term scouring, bridge collapse due to foundation scour can be prevented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2022

최근 수재해에 대응하기 위한 물관리 환경은 기후변화에 따른 홍수 피해 심화와 댐과 하천 시설의 노후화 점증, 하천관리일원화 등 정책적 변화, 그리고 포스트코로나 디지털 혁신 등 복합적 대전환 시대 진입에 따라 복잡다단한 양상을 보이고 있다. 디지털 트윈은 디지털 대전환(digital transformation) 시대 다양한 산업 영역에서 지능화와 생산성 향상을 목적으로 도입되고 있다. 본 국가 시범사업에서는 170 km에 달하는 섬진강 유역 전체를 대상으로 홍수에 대응하기 위한 디지털 트윈 플랫폼(K-Twin SJ)을 구축하고 있다. 본 플랫폼은 국가 인프라 지능정보화 사업의 일환으로 시작되었으며, 공간정보와 시설물 모델링, 홍수 분석 등 수재해에 대응하기 위한 수자원 분야의 다학제적인 강소기업들과 K-water에서 컨소시엄을 구성하여 추진하고 있다. 본 사업의 내용은 섬진강 댐-하천 유역에 대하여 고정밀도 3D 공간정보화, 실시간 물관리 데이터 연계, 홍수 분석 시뮬레이션, AI 댐 운영 최적화, AI 사면 정보 생성, 하천 제방 안전성 평가, AI 지능형 CCTV 영상분석, 간이 침수피해 예측, 드론 제약사항 조사 체계 개발을 포함하고 있다. 물관리 데이터와 하천 시설정보를 트윈 플랫폼 상에서 위치기반으로 시각화 표출하기 위해서는 유역의 공간정보를 3차원으로 구축하는 과정이 필수적이다. 따라서 GIS 기반의 섬진강 하천 중심 공간정보 구축을 위해 유역의 국가 정사영상과 5m 수치표고모형(DEM)은 최신성과를 협조 받아 적용하였으며, 홍수 분석을 위한 하천 중심 공간정보는 신규 헬기에 LiDAR 매핑을 수행하여 0.5m 급 DEM을 신규 구축하였다. 또한 하천 시설물 중 섬진강댐과 79개 주요 하천 횡단 교량과 3개 보 시설을 지상기준점 측량과 드론 매핑, 패턴 방식의 경량화 작업을 통해 트윈에 탑재할 수 있는 시설물 3D 객체 모델을 제작하였다. 홍수 분석을 위해서는 섬진강 유역에 대해 K-Drum, K-River, K-Flood 모델을 구축하였으며, AI 하천 수위 예측 학습 모델을 개발하였다. 섬진강 디지털 트윈 유역 물관리 플랫폼을 통해 데이터 기반의 똑똑한 물관리를 구현하고자 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2016

The section from water source to 2.6km upper stream of Hantan River is protected as the drinking water quality protection area according to guidelines of Ministry of Environment, because water source of the Gwanin water intake plant has been known the river. However, opinions were consistently brought up that the standard of water source protection zone must be changed with using underground water as water source because of contribution possibility of underground water as the water source of Gwanin water intake facility. In this regard, hydrogeologic investigation including resistivity survey and hydrogeochemical investigation were carried out to assess water source and infiltration of contaminant for the plant. Quaternary basaltic rocks (50m thick with four layers) covered most of the study area on the granite basement. As the result of the resistivity survey, it is revealed that permeable aquifer is distributed in the boundary of two layers: the basaltic layer with low resistivity; and the granite with high resistivity. Considering of outflow from Gwanin water intake facility, the area possessing underground water was estimated at least $5.7km^2$. The underground water recharged from Cheorwon plain was presumed to outflow along the surface of unconformity plane of basalt and granite. Based on field parameters and major dissolved constituents, groundwater and river water clearly distinguished and the spring water was similar to groundwater from the basaltic aquifer. Temporal variation of $SiO_2$, Mg, $NO_3$, and $SO_4$ concentrations indicated that spring water and nearby groundwater were originated from the basaltic aquifer and other groundwater from granitic aquifer. In conclusion, the spring of the Gwanin water intake plant was distinguished from river water in terms of hydrogeochemical characteristics and mainly contributed from the basaltic aquifer.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the water quality improvement by water discharge through dams and to provide a benefit estimation methodology, taking domestic situation into consideration, by the replacement cost approach analyzed with a sewage treatment plant instead of an alternative dam. To this end, facility that alternates a dam must have same functions of the discharged water from the dam and the two facilities must be able to be compared objectively. To estimate the benefit, estimation methodology of alternative facility's cost is established and criteria of cost.benefit analysis that are duration period and ratio of large scale repairing expense was presented. As a case study, the water quality improvement benefit of Song-Li-Won dam was evaluated, which is planned to be built on Nae-Sung stream in Nak-Dong River system. The results of applying this methodology to Song-Li-Won dam are 644,006 million won of the annual average discharge and 1,351,526 million won of maximum discharge. The usage of the framework in this study is expected for estimation of water quality improvement benefit in case water quality improvement project is performed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

This study, for church architectural amenities for the aged, with a base of 'laws on securing promotion of convenience for the disabled, aged, and pregnant women,' would like to propose improvement program after figuring out church worker (priest)'s willingness for amenities improvement, request of the aged church members, and level of request by different ages of the aged church members and total number of church members. The scope of geographical range for the study is limited to Northern side of Han River in Seoul and the churches with its own building having 500 to 3,000 people attending services, and implementation range, with a base of laws on promotion of convenience, separates specific items into mediation facility, interior facility, sanitary facility, and other facilities. The study selected 40 workers in church and 339 aged church members as subjects. As analysis method for the study, we have measured reliance level of questions by performing reliance test on each question, and performed frequency analysis in order to observe church worker's willingness to improve and request level of the aged church members. And, in order to find out the difference on opinion by the aged church members and total number of church members, we have performed "One way ANOVA," that verifies average difference. For evidence analysis we have verified all of them in attention level of p<.05, and for statistics analysis we have analyzed them using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. We are proposing improvement program based on study and analysis as next: First, since most of church workers have strong willingness to improve amenities we have learned that it is very optimistic to see improvements on church's amenities in the future. Second, since the aged church members' level of request was high on 3 of mediation facilities, elevators, and restrooms, it is desirable to improve mainly with these facilities. Third, the result on level of request for facilities based on the total number of church members revealed that the churches with 1,000-2,000 members have the highest level of request. Thus, we feel that the churches with 1,000-2,000 members should try harder to improve compared with churches with different number of members. Fourth, since the level of request on church amenities by different age group showed that the age group with 65-70 had the highest level of request on all facilities, except elevators, there are needs to apply the opinions of this age group more in depth based on this result.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The potential repository domains for A-KRS (Advanced Korean Reference Disposal System for High Level Wastes) in geological characteristics of KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) facility site were proposed to develop a repository system design and to perform the safety assessment. The host rock of KURT facility site is one of major Mesozoic plutonic rocks in Korean peninsula, two-mica granite, which was influenced by hydrothermal alteration. The topographical features control the flow lines of surface and groundwater toward south-easterly and all waters discharge to Geum River. Fracture zones distributed in study site are classified into order 2 magnitude and their dominant orientations are N-S and E-W strike. From the geological features and fracture zones, the potential repository domains for A-KRS were determined spatially based on the following conditions: (1) fracture zone must not cross the repository; and (2) the repository must stay away from the fracture zones greater than 50 m. The western region of the fracture zones in the N-S direction with a depth below 200 m from the surface was sufficient for A-KRS repository. Because most of the fracture zones in N-S direction were inclined toward the east, we expected to find a homogeneous rock mass in the western region rather than in the eastern region. The lower left domain of potential domains has more suitable geological and hydrogeological conditions for A-KRS repository.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2023

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in the biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystem. However, it has been rarely explored, particularly complex river watershed dominated by natural and anthropogenic sources, such as various effluent facility and livestock. The current research developed a new analytical method for TOC/TN (Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen) stable isotope ratio, and distinguish DOM source using stable isotope value (δ¹³C-DOC) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI] and biological index [BIX]). The TOC/TN-IR/MS analytical system was optimized and precision and accuracy were secured using two international standards (IAEA-600 Caffein, IAEA-CH-6 Sucrose). As a result of controlling the instrumental conditions to enable TOC stable isotope analysis even in low-concentration environmental samples (<1 mgC L^-1), the minimum detection limit was improved. The 12 potential DOM source were collected from watershed, which includes top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae) and effluent group (pig and cow livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine facility and wastewater treatment facilities). As a result of comparing characteristics between 12 sources using spectroscopic indices and δ¹³C-DOC values, it were divided into four groups according to their characteristics as a respective DOM sources. The current study established the TOC/TN stable isotope analyses system for the first time in Korea, and found that spectroscopic indices and δ¹³C-DOC are very useful tool to trace the origin of organic matter in the aquatic environments through library database.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

The Kunang cave paleolithic site is located at Tanyang [$N37^{\circ}2'$, $128^{\circ}21'E$], Chungbuk Province, which is in the Central part of the Korean peninsula. The cave is developed at 312 amsl in a karstic mountainous area. The South Han River flows across this region and other caves can also be found near the river. The site was discovered in 1986 and excavated 3 times by the Chungbuk National University Museum until now. The cave was wellpreserved from modem human activities until the first discovery. The full length of the cave is estimated to be ca. 140 m. However, a spacious part up to 11 m from the entrance has been excavated. Eight lithological units are divided over the vertical profile at a depth of 5 m. Each unit is deposited in ascending order as follow: mud layer (Unit 9), lower complex (Unit 8) which is composed of angular blocks and fragments with a muddy matrix, lower travertine layer (Unit 7； flowstone), middle complex (Unit 6; cultural layer) which is composed of fragments with a muddy matrix, middle travertine layer (Unit 5； flowstone), yellowish muddy layer (Unit 4), upper complex (Unit 3； cultural layer) which has a similar composition to Unit 8. the upper travertine layer (Unit 2； flowstone), and finally surface soil layer (Unit 1). The most abundant vestiges in the cultural layers are the animal bones. They are small fractured pieces and mostly less than 3 cm in length. About 3,800 bone pieces from 25 animal species have been collected so far, 90 percent of them belonging to young deers. Previous archaeological study of these bone pieces shows thatprehistoric people occupied the cavenot for permanent dwelling but for temporary shelter during their seasonal hunting activity. More extensive studies of these bones together with pollen analysis are in progress to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of this cave. Only a single date (12,500 BP) obtained from a U-Th measurement of the upper travertine layer was previously available. In spite of the importance of the cave stratigraphy, there was no detail chronological investigation to establish the depositional process of the cultural layers and to understand the periodic structure of the cave strata, alternating travertine floor and complex layers. We have measured five 14C age dating (38900+/-1000, 36400+/-900, 40600+/-1600, more than 51000 and 52000 14C BP) using Seoul National University 14C AMS facility, conducted systematic process of the collagen extraction from bone fragments samples. From the result, we estimate that sedimentation rate of the cave earth is constant, and that the travertine layers, Unit 2 and Unit 3, was formed during MIS 5a(ca. 80 kBP) and MIS 5c (ca. 100 kBP) respectively. The Kunang Cave site is located at Yochonli of the region of Danyang in the mid-eastern part of Korea. This region is compased of limestones in which many caves were found and the Nam-han river flows meanderingly. The excavations were carried out three times in 1986, 1988, and 1998.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2007

This study presents a framework for optimum scale determination for small hydropower development in a river basin. The framework includes the construction of hydrology and topography data, the simulation of hydropower operation, the economic analysis, and the determination of optimum scale of the small hydropower. The optimum scale of design flow and facility are determined by Net Present Value among economic analysis indices. The investment cost is estimated by the cost function derived from the construction cost of existing small hydropower plants. The benefit from power generation is estimated by the price announced by government. The presented framework is applied to the two potential sites in Cho River basin for the dam and run-of-river type of plants. Finally, the sensitivity analysis for a design flow and scale of the plant is performed for the each site. The usage of the framework presented in the study is highly expected for the estimation of potential hydropower resources or the decision support tool for a proprietor by estimating the optimum scale and economical feasibility in advance.