• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2000

In 1997 the recession of Korean economy brought about the bankruptcy of large corporations and the large size of non-Performing financial assets which led to IMF financial crisis. One of the major reasons for IMF financial crisis was poor loan management of domestic financial institutions . During the restructuring process of financial institutions since the IMF financial crisis, the importance of the loan management has been recognized. Especially. financial institutions' credit allocation had been concentrated on a few big conglomerates and their subsidies as well as some specific business areas. Hence, risk-diversifying portfolio effects were not reflected in any loan portfolios. The IMF financial crisis in 1997 has clearly showed that credit-risk management is essential not only for individuals' loan but also for portfolios consisting of various loans The main objective of this paper is to provide some suggestions on the direction for financial institutions in Korea to improve their loan portfolio management. Particularly, for the effective management of loan portfolios, this paper introduces quantitative credit-risk management schemes such as KMV models and CreditMetrics which are commonly used in financial institutions in advanced countries. Financial institutions in Korea should make their best efforts to establish a more scientific as well as quantitative loan portfolio management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.713-723
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• 2023

Climate change is significantly affecting coastal areas, and its impacts are expected to intensify. Recent studies on climate change adaptation and risk assessment in coastal regions increasingly integrate the concepts of recovery resilience and vulnerability. The aim of this study is to develop a measurement model for coastal hazard recovery resilience in the context of climate change adaptation. Before constructing the measurement model, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on coastal hazard recovery resilience, establishing a conceptual framework that included operational definitions for vulnerability and recovery resilience, along with several feedback mechanisms. The measurement model for coastal hazard recovery resilience comprised four metrics (MRV, LRV, RTSPV, and ND) and a Coastal Resilience Index (CRI). The developed indices were applied to domestic coastal erosion cases, and regional analyses were performed based on the index grades. The results revealed that the four recovery resilience metrics provided insights into the diverse characteristics of coastal erosion recovery resilience at each location. Mapping the composite indices of coastal resilience indicated that the areas along the East Sea exhibited relatively lower coastal erosion recovery resilience than the West and South Sea regions. The developed recovery resilience measurement model can serve as a tool for discussions on post-adaptation strategies and is applicable for determining policy priorities among different vulnerable regional groups.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2014

To compare 2 beam arrangements, circumferential equally angles (EA) beams or partially angles (PA) beams for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of primary lung cancer for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivery techniques with respect to target, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung, and organs-at-risk (OAR) dose-volume metrics, as well as treatment delivery efficiency. Data from 12 patients, four treatment plans were generated per data sets ($IMRT_{EA}$, $IMRT_{PA}$, $VMAT_{EA}$, $VMAT_{PA}$). The prescribed dose (PD) was 60 Gy in 4 fractions to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) for a 6-MV photon beam. When compared with the IMRT and VMAT treatment plan for 2 beams, conformity index, homogeneity index, high dose spillage, D2 cm (Dmax at a distance ${\geq}2cm$ beyond the PTV), R50 (ratio of volume circumscribed by the 50% isodose line and the PTV), resulted in similar. But Dmax of the Organ at risk (OAR), spinal cord, trachea, resulted in differ between four treatment plans. Especially $HDS_{location}$ showed big difference in 21.63% vs. 26.46%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2019

Typhoons can cause significant financial damage worldwide. For this reason, states, local governments and insurance companies attempt to quantify and mitigate the financial risks related to these natural disasters by developing a typhoon risk assessment model. As such, the importance of typhoon risk assessment models is increasing, and it is also important to reflect local vulnerabilities to enable sophisticated assessments. Although a practical study of economic losses associated with natural disasters has identified essential risk indicators, comprehensive studies covering the correlation between vulnerability and economic loss are still needed. The purpose of this study is to identify typhoon damage indicators and to develop evaluation indicators for typhoon damage prediction functions, utilizing the loses from Typhoon Maemi as data. This study analyzes actual loss records of Typhoon Maemi provided by local insurance companies to prepare for a scenario of maximum losses. To create a vulnerability function, the authors used the wind speed and distance from the coast and the total value of property, construction type, floors, and underground floor indicators. The results and metrics of this study provide practical guidelines for government agencies and insurance companies in developing vulnerability functions that reflect the actual financial losses and regional vulnerabilities of buildings.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.141-166
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• 2023

This paper investigates synthetic data generation methods and their evaluation measures. There have been increasing demands for releasing various types of data to the public for different purposes. At the same time, there are also unavoidable concerns about leaking critical or sensitive information. Many synthetic data generation methods have been proposed over the years in order to address these concerns and implemented in some countries, including Korea. The current study aims to introduce and compare three representative synthetic data generation approaches: Sequential regression, nonparametric Bayesian multiple imputations, and deep generative models. Several evaluation metrics that measure the utility and disclosure risk of synthetic data are also reviewed. We provide empirical comparisons of the three synthetic data generation approaches with respect to various evaluation measures. The findings of this work will help practitioners to have a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of those synthetic data methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Network access control should be able to effectively block security threats to the IT infrastructure, such as unauthorized access of unauthorized users and terminals, and illegal access of employees to internal servers. From this perspective, it is necessary to build metrics based on relevant standards to ensure that security is being met. Therefore, it is necessary to organize the method for security evaluation of NAC according to the related standards. Therefore, this study builds a model that combines the security evaluation part of ISO / IEC 15408 (CC: Common Criteria) and ISO 25000 series to develop security metric of network access control system. For this purpose, we analyzed the quality requirements of the network access control system and developed the convergence evaluation metric for security of the two international standards. It can be applied to standardization of evaluation method for network access control system in the future by constructing evaluation model of security quality level of network access control system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4115-4121
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• 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death with half a million deaths per year. Incidence and mortality rates have demonstrated notable changes in Asian and African countries during the last few decades. In this study, we first aimed to determine the trend of colorectal cancer mortality rate in each Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) region, and then re-classify them to find more homogenous classes. Materials and Methods: Our study population consisted of 52 countries of Asia and North Africa in six IHME pre-defined regions for both genders and age-standardized groups from 1990 to 2010.We first applied simple growth models for pre-defined IHME regions to estimate the intercepts and slopes of mortality rate trends. Then, we clustered the 52 described countries using the latent growth mixture modeling approach for classifying them based on their colorectal mortality rates over time. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that males and people in high income Asia pacific and East Asia countries were at greater risk of death from colon and rectum cancer. In addition, South Asia region had the lowest rates of mortality due to this cancer. Simple growth modeling showed that majority of IHME regions had decreasing trend in mortality rate of colorectal cancer. However, re-classification these countries based on their mortality trend using the latent growth mixture model resulted in more homogeneous classes according to colorectal mortality trend. Conclusions: In general, our statistical analyses showed that most Asian and North African countries had upward trend in their colorectal cancer mortality. We therefore urge the health policy makers in these countries to evaluate the causes of growing mortality and study the interventional programs of successful countries in managing the consequences of this cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7743-7748
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid tumors are generally regarded as rare malignancies. Nowadays, however, their global incidence is growing continuously partially due to western life style and utilization of more sensitive methods of early detection. It is approximately three times more prevalent in females than in males. Most cases of thyroid cancer are asymptomatic nodules or just have local cervical symptoms or adenopathy in early stages. Materials and Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases report 2010 study (released 3/2013) profited from 100 collaborators worldwide and used a vast network of data on health outcomes, vital registries, and population surveys. It shared many of the Global Burden of Diseases 1990 principal databases such as all available data on injuries, diseases, risk factors, as well as comparable metrics, and used different scientific approved methods to estimate important health status data like: death rate, life expectancy, healthy adjusted life expectancy, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of living lost due to premature death and years of life with disabilities. Results: DALY as thyroid cancer burden per 100,000 Iranian populations had increased by about 14% during 1990 to 2010 in all ages; from 6.1 (95% UI 4.2-9.74) years in 1990 to 6.95 (95% UI 5.06-9.18) years in 2010 in both sex. The 2010 peak age-group was estimated at 45-49 years in males and 40-45 years in females.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-127
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• 2011

Investment on technology to obtain green energy is prevailing all over the world. The technology development project is more likely to involve multiple sub-projects, each of which is related to develop elementary technology when the project is larger and nation-wide. However, the methodologies identifying optimal combination of elementary technologies among the candidates have been very few. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel methodology which provides an optimal combination of green energy technologies. To do so, to-be developed technologies are clustered with multiple categories. Among the technologies, based on Delphi method, the experts select a representative technology, which is indispensible to the green energy system and has the highest connectivity with other elementary technologies. Then the methodology selects an elementary technology from each technology category based on two metrics: Relatedness with representative technology and project risk. To show the feasibility of the proposed methodology, we applied the methodology to an actual windmill development project.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5049-5052
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of oncological death for women, in both developed and developing countries. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women. The aim of this study was to present the burden of this cancer including incidence, mortality and years life lost (YLL) due to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: National incidence data from the Iranian annual National Cancer Registration reports from 2003 to 2009 and national death statistics reported by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education from 1995 to 2010, stratified by age group, were included in this analysis. Also calculated YLLs provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were employed to express the years lost due to BC for Iranian women. Results: The general mortality rate of breast cancer increased during these years from 0.96 to 4.33 per 100,000 and incidence increased from 16.0 to 28.3 per 100,000 for the years under study. YLLs calculated by IHME showed both increasing and decreasing patterns, with a tendency for stabilization. Conclusions: The burden of breast cancer for Iranian women is still increasing. Thus, health education programs to inform women regarding the signs and risk factors, and national screening to facilitate early diagnosis are needed for the female community in Iran.