• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2008

Kiln schedule development was based on two schedule phases, the first being to determine the maximum safe kiln temperature during the check prone initial stage of drying, with the second stage determining how to accelerate drying once the danger of checking had passed. This was achieved by using 38 mm thick boards which were pre-screened for susceptibility to internal checking, and then drying matched sample boards over a range of kiln temperatures. Research has shown that below 50% MC there is no further risk of internal checking. However, difference in drying rate due to board width and the increased occurrence of wet patches in wide boards means that it is essential to modify the basic schedule according to the maximum board width. A condition of 52/40 $^{\circ}C$ was selected for the checking-free initial kiln drying step and a 5-step kiln-schedule dried the boards from 109% to 8% MC for 72.5 hours without internal checking.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제24권64호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2001

Most warranty studies assume that the usage intensity is the same for all buyers. However, in real life the usage intensity varies across the population of buyers. In the general case, one can divide the population into $\kappa$ categories. This has implications for manufacturers of products. Should a manufacturer produce one product and offer different warranties for the $\kappa$ groups or produce different products (one for each group) and offer the same warranty. A warranty cost analysis is needed to choose between these options. The analysis complicated by factors such as adverse selection , buyers attitude to risk and the price structure. In this paper we develop models to study the expected warranty cost for products with free replacement warranty with varying usage intensity. Numerical examples are presented.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2020

Background/Objectives: Pediatric & Adolescent thyroid cancer is a steadily increasing malignancy. We aimed to report our experience at a single tertiary institution and to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence in pediatric & adolescent patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials & Methods: The data of 42 pediatric & adolescent patients (aged ≤19 years) with DTC who underwent thyroidectomy at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between December 1997 and February 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed through complete chart reviews. Results: The mean age was 16.6 years. A total of 6 (14.3%) patients experienced recurrence after initial treatment. The recurrence rate was significantly different between total thyroidectomy (TT) and lobectomy groups (23.1% vs. 0%, p=0.038). However, no statistically significant differences were found in the recurrence rate according to lymph node ratio (LNR) of 0.4 (10.7% vs 21.4%; P=0.383). Multivariate analysis confirmed age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.443; P=0.008) and bilaterality (HR, 11.477; P=0.022) as significant risk factors for DFS. Conclusion: Pediatric & Adolescent thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and TT is recommended as the treatment of choice. However, lobectomy may be considered for Pediatric & Adolescent patients with age >16 years, tumor size <1 cm, and no bilateral disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 1987

This report provides follow-up data on 557 patients [73 aortic, 357 mitral, and 127 multiple valve replacements] undergone lonescu-Shiley pericardial Xenograft valve replacement at Seoul National University Hospital between January, 1979 and December, 1985. There were 35 early death [6.3%] and 522 operative survivors were observed, and the cumulative follow-up is 1,140 patient-years [mean: 2.18 years per patient] The thromboembolic complications occurred in 34 cases [3.0% per patient-year] and the rate was 2.1% per patient-year for mitral and 0.3% per patient-year for aortic valve replacement in the presence of anticoagulation therapy. Among the 34 embolic episodes, 9 patients were dead [0.8% per patient-year] and the cause of death were 5 cerebral thromboembolism, 2 pulmonary embolism, and 2 intracerebral hemorrhage due to inappropriate anticoagulation after thromboembolic episode. Actuarial probability [+ SEM] of remaining free of thromboembolism for AVR is 88.1 x 11.1% at 5 years, for MVR 79.1 a 13.4% at 7 years and for multiple valve replacement 77.2 e 5.21% at 7 years. The incidence rate of thromboembolic complications after AVR is not less than that of MVR [0.3 Among the potential thromboembolic risk factors, atrial fibrillation is possible risk factor to increase the thromboembolic complication [0.05 < P < 0.1], but the importance of other factors, such as atrial clot, large left atrial size, mitral position, NYHA functional class, and age is less definite. A careful follow-up and the proper control of anticoagulation without omission, poor control, and arbitrary withdrawal is important for the successful management of the thromboembolic complications and the anticoagulation-related morbidity and mortality.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.650-657
• /
• 2023

Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is gaining attention as a treatment method for cholecystitis. However, only a few studies have assessed the outcomes of permanent stenting with EUS-GBD. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of permanent stenting using EUS-GBD. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. The criteria for EUS-GBD at our institution are a high risk for surgery, inability to perform surgery owing to poor performance status, and inability to obtain consent for emergency surgery. EUS-GBD was performed using a 7-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent with a dilating device. The primary outcomes were the recurrence-free rate of cholecystitis and the late-stage complication-avoidance rate. Secondary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and procedural adverse events. Results: A total of 41 patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 168 (range, 10-1,238) days. The recurrence-free and late-stage complication-avoidance rates during the follow-up period were 95% (38 cases) and 90% (36 cases), respectively. There were only two cases of cholecystitis recurrence during the study period. Conclusions: EUS-GBD using double-pigtail plastic stent was safe and effective with few complications, even in the long term, in patients with acute cholecystitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4839-4842
• /
• 2014

Background: Although the Cox's proportional hazard model is the popular approach for survival analysis to investigate significant risk factors of cancer patient survival, it is not appropriate in the case of log-term disease free survival. Recently, cure rate models have been introduced to distinguish between clinical determinants of cure and variables associated with the time to event of interest. The aim of this study was to use a cure rate model to determine the clinical associated factors for cure rates of patients with breast cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study covered 305 patients with BC, admitted at Shahid Faiazbakhsh Hospital, Tehran, during 2006 to 2008 and followed until April 2012. Cases of patient death were confirmed by telephone contact. For data analysis, a non-mixed cure rate model with Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution were employed. All analyses were carried out using a developed Macro in WinBugs. Deviance information criteria (DIC) were employed to find the best model. Results: The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates were 97%, 89% and 74%. Metastasis and stage of BC were the significant factors, but age was significant only in negative binomial model. The DIC also showed that the negative binomial model had a better fit. Conclusions: This study indicated that, metastasis and stage of BC were identified as the clinical criteria for cure rates. There are limited studies on BC survival which employed these cure rate models to identify the clinical factors associated with cure. These models are better than Cox, in the case of long-term survival.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제10권1호통권22호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2007

In order to study the effects of Pinus densiflora on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, we divided the rats into groups(Normal group, Control group and Sample group) and perfomed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats were induced by high fat diets for 8weeks. The sample group was administerd the extract of Pinus densiflora for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acid, phospholipid, Insuline, Laptin, Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell, Cardiac Risk Factor(CRF). The results were as followers : 1. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Trigylceride, LDL-cholesterol, and Phospholipid levels in serum and CRF significantly. 2. Sample Group showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level in serum significantly. 3. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Insuline in serum significantly. 4. Sample Group showed increasing effects on Laptin in serum significantly. 5. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell significantly. According to the above results, Pinus densiflora showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia, obesity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1101-1106
• /
• 2013

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Carboplatin, a platinum-derived agent, is used as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pediatric osteosarcoma because of its anti-tumor activity and had low toxicity as compared to cisplatin. Objective: To determine demographic data, prognostic factors and outcome of childhood osteosarcoma treated with a carboplatin-based chemotherapeutic protocol at Chiang Mai University. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 34 osteosarcoma patients aged less than 18 years and treated between 2003 and 2011. Results: Overall limb-salvage and amputation rates were 23.5% and 70.6%, respectively. With the mean follow-up time of 29.5 months (1.5-108.9), the Kaplan-Meier analysis for 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS) were $20.2{\pm}7.7%$ and $47.1{\pm}9.5%$ respectively. Patients who had initial pulmonary metastasis were at significantly greater risk for developing recurrence (p=0.02, OR=7; 1.2-40.1) and had a tendency to have lower 3-year OS compared to those without initial pulmonary metastasis ($28.1{\pm}13%$, $63.1{\pm}12.3%$, respectively, p=0.202). On univariate analysis, age at diagnosis >14 years and patients who were declined surgery were significantly associated with lower 3-year OS (p=0.008 and <0.05, respectively). However, age at diagnosis, sex, tumor size and histological subtypes were not found to significantly affect recurrence or survival. Conclusions: In our study, the survival rate was far lower than those reported from developed countries. These might indicate the ineffectiveness of carboplatin in combination with doxorubicin as frontline treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma, especially in those with initial pulmonary metastasis. Refinement in risk and treatment stratification and dose intensification for pediatric osteosarcoma constitutes a future challenge to improve outcomes, especially in metastatic patients who may need a more intensive regimen.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1995

From January 1985 to December 1992, of 1257 patients who underwent a heart valve replacement 210 [16.8% underwent reoperation on prosthetic heart valves, and 6 of them had a second valve reoperation. The indications for reoperation were structural deterioration [176 cases, 81.5% , prosthetic valve endocarditis [25 cases, 11.6% , paravalvular leak [12 cases, 5.6% , valve thrombosis [2 cases, 0.9% and ascending aortic aneurysm [1 case, 0.4% . Prosthetic valve failure developed most frequently in mitral position [57.9% and prosthetic valve endocarditis and paravalvular leak developed significantly in the aortic valve [40%, 75% [P<0.02 . Mean intervals between the primary valve operation and reoperation were 105.3$\pm$28.4 months in the case of prosthetic valve failure, 61.5$\pm$38.5 months in prosthetic valve endocarditis, 26.8$\pm$31.2 months in paravalvualr leak, and 25.0$\pm$7.0 months in valve thrombosis. In bioprostheses, the intervals were in 102.0$\pm$23.9 months in the aortic valve, and 103.6$\pm$30.8 months in the mitral valve. The overall hospital mortality rate was 7.9% [17/26 : 15% in aortic valve reoperation [6/40 , 6.5% in reoperation on the mitral prostheses [9/135 and 5.7% in multiple valve replacement [2.35 . Low cardiac output syndrome was the most common cause of death [70.6% . Advanced New York Heart Association class [P=0.00298 , explant period [P=0.0031 , aortic cross-clamp time [P=0.0070 , prosthetic valve endocarditis [P=0.0101 , paravalvularr leak [P=0.0096 , and second reoperation [P=0.00036 were the independent risk factors, but age, sex, valve position and multiple valve replacement did not have any influence on operative mortality. Mean follow up period was 38.6$\pm$24.5 months and total patient follow up period was 633.3 patient year. Actuarial survival at 8 year was 97.3$\pm$3.0% and 5 year event-free survival was 80.0$\pm$13.7%. The surgical risk of reoperation on heart valve prostheses in the advanced NYHA class patients is higher, so reoperation before severe hemodynamic impairment occurs is recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5747-5752
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: The search strategy included Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet Web, Chinese Biomedical Database and Wanfang Database. We also searched reference lists of articles and the volumes of abstracts of scientific meetings. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1.0. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE) was used to rate the level of evidence. Results: Five studies were included. Risk ratios of 1.02 (95%CI 0.89-1.15), 0.93 (95%CI 0.72-1.21), 1.07 (95%CI 0.87-1.32), 0.95 (95%CI 0.80-1.13) were observed for 3 years overall survival, 5 years failure-free survival, 5 years locoregional failure-free survival and 5 years distant metastasis failure-free survival. There were no treatment-related deaths in both groups of five studies. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were the most significant for patients during adjuvant chemotherapy. The level of evidence was low. Conclusion: Compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone, concurrent chemotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve prognosis. More toxicity was found during adjuvant chemotherapy.