• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2011

Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most important diabetic complications because it increases the risk of amputations. Moreover, it lowers the quality of patients' life and increases the social medical expenses. Authors analyzed risk factors of intractable diabetic foot ulcer using retrospective study. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to December 2010, 40 patients who could not achieve complete healing despite more than 12 weeks of proper management among who had been diagnosed and treated as diabetic foot ulcer at our hospital were included and evaluated retrospectively. We compared the risk factors between two groups who were finally treated by amputation and non-amputation. Results: The sample was composed of 31 male patients (77.5%) and 9 female patients (22.5%). Comorbidity including hypertension and hyperlipidemia were 77.5% and 80% each. By Wagner classification, 30 patients (80%) had ulcerative lesion over the grade 3. From bacteriology results, 29 patients (72.5%) had polybacteria infection. 35 patients (87.5%) had neuropathy and 26 patients (65%) had vascular stenosis at least one level. The mean initial ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index were 0.982 and 0.439. In comparison between amputation group and non-amputation group, ulcer severity, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index had statistical significance. Conclusion: The most commonly risk factor of intractable diabetic foot ulcer was peripheral neuropathy reaching 87.5% of cases. In comparison with non-amputation group, ulcer severity according to Wagner classification, number of stenotic vessel and initial ankle-brachial index/toe-brachial index were demonstrated as a risk factor of amputation in intractable diabetic foot ulcer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2015

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been used by Dynamic Positioning (DP) system for risk and reliability analysis. However, there are limitations associated with its implementation in offshore project. 1) since the failure data measured from the SCADA system is missing or unreliable, assessments of Severity, Occurrence, Detection are based on expert's knowledge; 2) it is not easy for experts to precisely evaluate the three risk factors. The risk factors are often expressed in a linguistic way. 3) the relative importance among three risk factors are rarely even considered. To solve these problems and improve the effectiveness of the traditional FMEA, we suggest a Fuzzy-FMEA method for risk and failure mode analysis in Dynamic Positioning System of offshore. The information gathered from DP FMEA report and DP FMEA Proving Trials is expressed using fuzzy linguistic terms. The proposed method is applied to an offshore Dynamic Positioning system, and the results are compared with traditional FMEA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2013

Background: Rib fractures are the most common type of thoracic trauma and cause other complications. We explored the risk factors for pneumonia in patients with multiple rib fractures. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and eighteen patients who visited our hospital with multiple rib fractures between January 2002 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Chest X-rays and chest computed tomography were used to identify injury severity. Patients with only a single rib fracture or who were transferred to another hospital within 2 days were excluded. Results: There were 327 male patients (78%), and the median age was 53 years. The etiologies of the patients' trauma included traffic accidents in 164 cases (39%), falls in 78 cases (19%), slipping and falling in 90 (22%), pedestrian accidents in 30 (7%), industrial accidents in 41 (10%), and assault in 15 (4%). The median number of rib fractures was 4.8. Pulmonary complications including flail chest (2.3%), lung contusion (22%), hemothorax (62%), pneumothorax (31%), and hemopneumothorax (20%) occurred. Chest tubes were inserted into the thoracic cavity in 216 cases (52%), and the median duration of chest tube insertion was 10.26 days. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) and rib score had a median of 15.27 and 6.9, respectively. Pneumonia occurred in 18 cases (4.3%). Of the total cases, 33% of the cases were managed in the intensive care unit (ICU), and the median duration of stay in the ICU was 7.74 days. Antibiotics were administered in 399 patients (95%) for a median of 10.53 days. Antibiotics were used for more than 6 days in 284 patients (68%). The factors affecting pneumonia in patients with multiple rib fractures in multivariate analysis included age (p=0.004), ISS (p<0.001), and rib score (p=0.038). The use of antibiotics was not associated with the occurrence of pneumonia (p=0.28). In-hospital mortality was 5.3% (n=22). Conclusion: The factors affecting risk of pneumonia in patients with multiple rib fractures included age (p=0.004), ISS (p<0.001), and rib score (p=0.038). Elderly patients with multiple traumas have a high risk of pneumonia and should be treated accordingly.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2021

Background: This study was performed to reveal the relationships between the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the paraspinal muscles and the severity of low back pain (LBP), including the level of disability. Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 patients with chronic LBP. The effects of demographic characteristics, posture, level of physical activity, disc herniation type, and sarcopenia risk on the CSAs of paraspinal muscles were evaluated along with the relationship between the CSAs and severity of pain and disability in all patients. The CSAs of paraspinal muscles were evaluated using the software program Image J 1.53. Results: A negative significant correlation was found between age and the paraspinal muscle's CSA (P < 0.05), whereas a positive correlation was present between the level of physical activity and the CSA of the paraspinal muscle at the L2-3 and L3-4 levels. The CSAs of paraspinal muscles in patients with sarcopenia risk was significantly lower than those in patients without sarcopenia risk (P < 0.05). The CSAs of paraspinal muscles at the L2-3 and L3-4 levels in obese patients were significantly higher than those in overweight patients (P = 0.028, P = 0.026, respectively). There was no relationship between the CSAs of paraspinal muscles and pain intensity or disability. Conclusions: Although this study did not find a relationship between paraspinal CSAs and pain or disability, treatment regimens for preventing paraspinal muscles from atrophy may aid pain physicians in relieving pain, restoring function, and preventing recurrence in patients with chronic LBP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.751-758
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• 2021

Munitions must be analyzed to identify any risks for quality assurance in development and mass production. Risk identification for parts, compositions, and systems is carried out through failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) as one of the most reliable methods. FMEA is a design tool for the failure mode of risk identification and relies on the RPN (risk priority number). FMEA has disadvantages because its severity, occurrence, and detectability are rated at the same level. Fuzzy FMEA applies fuzzy logic to compensate for the shortcomings of FMEA. The fuzzy logic of Fuzzy FMEA is to express uncertainties about the phenomenon and provides quantitative values. In this paper, Fuzzy FMEA is applied to the failure mode of a rotorcraft landing system. The Fuzzy rule and membership functions were conducted in the Fuzzy model to study the RPN in the failure mode of a landing system. This method was selected to demonstrate crisp values of severity, occurrence, and detectability. In addition, the RPN was obtained. The results of Fuzzy FMEA for the landing system were analyzed for the RPN and ranking by fuzzy logic. Finally, Fuzzy FMEA confirmed that it could use the data in quality assurance activities for rotorcraft.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and types of the adverse events (AEs) associated with oral fluconazole and itraconazole and factors associated with specific types of AEs. Methods: We analyzed AEs reported by community pharmacies nationwide over 10 years using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database. Various AE terms were categorized into 18 types, and concomitant medications were classified by drug-drug interaction (DDI) severity. The relationship between the specific type of AE and age, sex, and number of concomitant medications was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 879 AE reports of fluconazole and 401 reports of itraconazole were analyzed; of these reports, 321 and 83 reports of fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively, described concomitant drug administration categorized as DDI severity of contraindicated or major. Women had a higher risk of psychiatric AEs associated with fluconazole use (OR, 1.587; p=0.042). Polypharmacy increased the risk for psychiatric AEs (OR, 3.598; p<0.001 for fluconazole and OR, 2.308; p=0.046 for itraconazole). In dermatologic AEs, the mean age of patients who received itraconazole was lower than that of patients who received fluconazole (46.3±16.8 vs. 54.9±15.4; p<0.001). Co-administration of fluconazole with 1-3 drugs increased the risk of neurological AEs (OR, 1.764; p=0.028). Conclusion: When using fluconazole and itraconazole, psychiatric AEs should be noted, particularly in women and in case of polypharmacy; moreover, when fluconazole is co-administered with other drugs, attention should be paid to the occurrence of neurological AEs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

Recently the construction project is becoming large-sized, complicated, and modernize. This has increased the uncertainty of construction risk. Therefore, studies should be followed regarding scientifically identifying the risk factors, quantifying the frequency and severity of risk factors in order to develop a model that can quantitatively evaluate and manage the risk for response the increased risk in construction. To address the problem, this study analyze the probability distribution of risk causes, the probability of occurrence and frequency of the specific risk level through Monte Carlo simulation method based on the accident data caused at construction sites. In the end, this study derives quantitative analysis by analyzing the amount of risk and probability distributions of accident causes. The results of this study will be a basis for future quantitative risk management models and risk management research.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.444-456
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• 2022

Purpose: Laboratories require Preliminary Risk Analysis of Hazard Factors, but there are many laboratories that do not. For the purpose of securing the safety of the laboratory, it is intended to find improvements so that the Risk Assessment can be easily applied. Method: Research papers and data from the Laboratory Safety Management Survey Report by the Ministry of Science and ICT were used. The study was conducted by comparing Preliminary Risk Analysis of Hazard Factors and Risk Assessment under the Occopational Safety and Health Act. Result: A technique for Risk Assessment of a laboratory was proposed. When Risk Assessment of the laboratory, a method was proposed to estimate the size of the possibility(frequency) and severity(intensity). Conclusion: For easy application in the laboratory, a checklist-type Risk Assessment technique was presented and actual evaluation was conducted. It is expected that the laboratory will improve through Risk Assessment to help prevent safety accidents.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2017

Purpose: The occurrence ranks of failure modes can come from the real failure but the severity ranks of failure modes require a highly subjective point of view of users. The severity ranks have to find more objective and scientific values. Methods: We found the optimal values by using the correlation analysis between failure mode effects and the criticality number like RPN (Risk Priority Number) in RCM. Result: This paper shows the result that verified whether the weighted values on each failure effect in criticality number calculation is suitable to the actual failures or not. To get the verification, it used the 5 year data and correlation analysis. Based on the analyzed result, We proposed the more suitable values. Conclusion: This correlation analysis approach can provide guidance of RCM analysis across many industries and situations.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.261-262
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• 2008

Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) evaluates criticality and severity of each failure mode. Generally, those indices are determined subjectively by experts and operators. However, this process has no choice but to include uncertainty. In this paper, a method for eliciting expert opinions considering its uncertainty is proposed to evaluate the criticality and severity. In addition, a fuzzy expert system is constructed to determine the crisp value of risk level for each failure mode. The results are worth considering while deciding the proper policies for each component of the system.