• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

Objectives: In the context of the global decrease in mortality due to gastric cancer, previous studies have reported that the effect of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the incidence of gastric cancer varies among regions. This systematic review was conducted to investigate H. pylori as a risk factor for gastric cancer in Korea, where the incidence of gastric cancer is among the highest in the world. Methods: A search strategy was established to identify articles published in Korean as well as in English. Ultimately, we included observational studies conducted among Korean patients that designed with an age-matched and sex-matched control group that reported the odds ratio associated with H. pylori. Gastric cancer cases were subdivided into overall (OGC), cardia (CGC), non-cardia (NGC), early (EGC), advanced, intestinal (IGC), and diffuse forms of gastric cancer. Summary odds ratios (SORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Results: Eleven case-control studies were ultimately selected. H. pylori was associated with an SOR of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.54) for OGC. Additionally, statistically significant risks were observed for CGC, NGC, EGC, and IGC. Conclusions: Chronic H. pylori infection was found to raise the risk of gastric cancer among Koreans, with the highest risk observed for CGC and EGC (SOR=2.88 for both). Follow-up clinical epidemiologic studies are needed to assess the effects of current treatments aimed at eradicating H. pylori infections.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 현재 운영되고 있는 코로나19 예방을 위한 거리두기 체계의 과학적 근거 보완으로 적절한 관리방안을 제시하고자 함이다. 현재의 수리 모델들은 연립 상미분방정식으로 표현되어 소상공인이나 영세업자들의 출입자 관리에 사용하기는 어려운 문제가 있다. 본 고에서는 이러한 점을 보완하기 위하여 집합 공간에 주어지는 허용위험도와 기초감염재생산지수, 백신접종에 의한 위험도 감소율을 고려하여 집합하는 사람들에 의한 감염위험도를 정량적으로 표현하는 방법을 제시하였다. 백신접종 상황(미접종, 1차 접종, 완전 접종)에 따른 감염 위험성 정도와 바이러스의 유행상황을 함께 고려하여 방문자의 집합에 따른 감염자 발생 가능성을 확률론적인 차원에서 관리하는 간단한 정량적 모델을 개발하였다. 모델을 사용하여 주어진 예에서 20%의 미접종자가 완전 접종으로 전환될 경우 위험도는 55% 수준으로 감소되는 것을 보였고, 기초 감염재생산지수와 백신접종에 의한 감염위험도 감소 개선 효과를 비교하여 의학적인 관리보다 방역 측면에서의 관리가 더 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 점을 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 백신의 종류와 확진자 발생 정도를 고려한 다양한 상황에서 적용할 수 있는 일반화 모델도 제시하였다. 이 모델을 적용하면 백신의 종류, 접종 정도, 접종 후 시간 경과에 따른 실시간 개인별 위험도를 산출할 수 있고, 이를 통해 주어진 공간의 집합 인원에 따른 위험도 관리에 이용할 수 있다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

This study was done to identify basic information in classifying nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions needed for the further development of computerized nursing care plans. Data were collected by reviewing charts of 123 home care clients who had active disease, for whom at least one nursing diagnosis was on the chart, and who had been discharged. Data included demographics, medical orders, nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions. The results of the study, which found the most frequent medical diagnoses to be cancer (40.7%) and brain injury (26.8%), showed that 'Impaired Skin Integrity'(18.3%), 'Risk for Infection'(15.0%), 'Altered Nutrition, Less than Body Requirements'(13.8%), and 'Risk for Impaired Skin Integ rity'(9.9%) were the most frequent nursing diagnoses. 'Pressure Ulcer Care'(28.4%) was the most frequent intervention for 'Impaired Skin Integrity', 'Infection Protection'(16.0%) for 'Risk of Infection', 'Nutrition Counseling'(26.8%) for 'Altered Nutrition' and 'Positioning'(22.0%) for 'Risk for Skin Integrity Impairment', Comparison of interventions with the Nursing Intervention Classification(NIC) showed that the most frequent interventions were in the domain 'Basic Physiological' (33.94%), followed by 'Behavioral'(27.8%), and 'Complex Physiological' (22.6%). Interventions related to teaching family to give care at home could not be classified in the NIC scheme. Examination of the frequency of NIC interventions showed that for the domain 'Activity & Exercise Management', 75% of the interventions were used, but for seven domains, none were used. For the domain 'Immobility Management', 93% of the times that an intervention was used, it was 'Positioning', for the domain 'Tissue Perfusion Management', 'IV Therapy' (59.1%) and for the domain 'Elimination Management', 'Tube Care: Urinary'(54.0%). The nursing diagnoses 'Altered Urinary Elimination' and 'Im paired Physical Mobility' were both used with these clients, but neither 'Fluid Volume Deficit' nor 'Risk of Fluid Volume Deficit' were used rather 'IV Therapy' was an intervention for 'Altered Nutrition, Less than Body Requirements', A comparison of clients with cancer and those with brain injury showed that interventions for the nursing diagnosis 'Impaired Skin Integrity' were more frequent for the clients with cancer, interventions for 'Risk of Infection' were similar for the two groups but for clients with cancer there were more interventions for' Altered Nutrition'. Examination of the nursing diagnoses leading to the intervention 'Positioning' showed that for both groups, it was either 'Impaired Skin Integrity' or 'Risk for Skin Integrity Impairment'. This study identified a need for further refinement in the classification of nursing interventions to include those unique to home care and that for the purposes of computerization identification of the nursing activities to be included in each intervention needs to be done.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8815-8822
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• 2014

Background: The incidence of stomach cancer in India is highest in the state of Mizoram. In this population based matched case-control study, we evaluated the relationship between CYP450 2E1 RsaI polymorphism and risk of stomach cancer taking into considering various important dietary habits along with tobacco, alcohol consumption and H. pylori infection status. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 histologically confirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 matched healthy population controls were recruited. CYP2E1 RsaI genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP and H. pylori infection status by ELISA. Information on various dietary, tobacco and alcohol habits was recorded in a standard questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed no significant association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and overall risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram. However, we observed a non-significant protective effect of the variant allele (A) of CYP2E1 against stomach cancer. Tobacco smokers carrying C/C genotype have three times more risk of stomach cancer, as compared to non-smokers carrying C/C genotype. Both Meiziol and cigarette current and past smokers who smoked for more than 10 times per day and carrying the (C/C) genotype are more prone to develop stomach cancer. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat (smoked/sun dried) consumers carrying C/C genotype possesses higher risk of stomach cancer. No significant association between H. pylori infection and CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism in terms of stomach cancer was observed. Conclusions: Although no direct association between the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism and stomach cancer was observed, relations with different tobacco and dietary risk habits in terms of developing stomach cancer exist in this high risk population of north-eastern part of India. Further in-depth study recruiting larger population is required to shed more light on this important problem.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5349-5353
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• 2014

Statistical methods to analyze and predict the related risk factors of nosocomial infection in lung cancer patients are various, but the results are inconsistent. A total of 609 patients with lung cancer were enrolled to allow factor comparison using Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test or the Chi-square test. Variables that were significantly related to the presence of nosocomial infection were selected as candidates for input into the final ANN model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) model and logistic regression (LR) model. The prevalence of nosocomial infection from lung cancer in this entire study population was 20.1% (165/609), nosocomial infections occurring in sputum specimens (85.5%), followed by blood (6.73%), urine (6.0%) and pleural effusions (1.82%). It was shown that long term hospitalization (${\geq}22days$, P= 0.000), poor clinical stage (IIIb and IV stage, P=0.002), older age (${\geq}61days$ old, P=0.023), and use the hormones were linked to nosocomial infection and the ANN model consisted of these four factors. The artificial neural network model with variables consisting of age, clinical stage, time of hospitalization, and use of hormones should be useful for predicting nosocomial infection in lung cancer cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2012

The characterization of the whole genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) from cervical cancer specimens with multiple infections in comparison with single infection samples as the oncogenic potential of the virus may differ. Cervical carcinoma specimens positive for HPV16 by PCR and INNO-LiPA were randomly selected for whole genome characterization. Two HPV16 single infection and six HPV16 multiple infection specimens were subjected to whole genome analysis by using conserved primers and subsequent sequencing. All HPV16 whole genomes from single infection samples clustered in the European (E) lineage while all multiple infection specimens belonged to the non-European lineage. The variations in nucleotide sequences in E6, E7, E2, L1 and Long control region (LCR) were evaluated. In the E6 region, amino acid changes at L83V were related to increased cancer progression. An amino acid variation N29S within the E7 oncoprotein significantly associated with severity of lesion was also discovered. In all three domains of the E2 gene non synonymous mutations were found. The L1 region showed various mutations which may be related to conformation changes of viral epitopes. Some transcription factor binding sites in the LCR region correlated to virulence were shown on GRE/1, TEF-1, YY14 and Oct-1. HPV16 European variant prone to single infection may harbor a major variation at L83V which significantly increases the risk for developing cervical carcinoma. HPV16 non-European variants prone to multiple infections may require many polymorphisms to enhance the risk of cervical cancer development.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.406-417
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• 2020

Early warning services for crop diseases are valuable when they provide timely forecasts that farmers can utilize to inform their disease management decisions. In South Korea, collaborative disease controls that utilize unmanned aerial vehicles are commonly performed for most rice paddies. However, such controls could benefit from seasonal disease early warnings with a lead time of a few months. As a first step to establish a seasonal disease early warning service using seasonal climate forecasts, we developed the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model for rice blast by extracting and modifying the core infection algorithms of the EPIRICE model. The daily risk scores generated by the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model were successfully converted into a realistic and measurable disease value through statistical analyses with 13 rice blast incidence datasets, and subsequently validated using the data from another rice blast experiment conducted in Icheon, South Korea, from 1974 to 2000. The sensitivity of the model to air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation input variables was examined, and the relative humidity resulted in the most sensitive response from the model. Overall, our results indicate that the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model can be used to produce potential disease risk predictions for the seasonal disease early warning service.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.898-903
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• 2009

목 적 : 생후 3개월 미만의 발열이 있는 환아에서는 뚜렷한 임상증상이 없어 세균감염을 감별하기가 어려워 거의 대부분 입원하여 항생제 치료를 하면서 패혈증에 대한 전반적인 검사를 받게 된다. 그래서 저자들은 3개월 미만의 발열을 주소로 내원한 영아들 중, 국소 증상이나 징후가 없는 환아들을 대상으로 하여 내원 당시의 다양한 임상 양상과 외래 및 응급실에서 응급 검사 항목들을 이용하여, 입원 이후 세균 감염으로 밝혀지거나 불량한 임상 경과에 영향을 주는 인자들을 예측할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 2월부터 2008년 12월까지 액와 체온 $38^{\circ}C$ 이상의 발열을 주소로 동국대학교 경주병원에 입원한 3개월 미만의 영아 167명을 대상으로 하였다. 각 환아의 입원 기록을 후향적으로 검토하여 명백한 세균 감염이나 심한 감염 질환으로의 진단 여부에 따라 고위험군과 저위험군으로 분류하였고, 각 환아의 내원 당시 임상 증상, 병력, 진찰 소견, 응급 검사 결과와 입원 후의 임상 경과 및 검사 결과, 주 진단 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 진단 기준에 따라 대상 환아 167명 중 고위험군 77명, 저위험군 90명으로 분류되었고, 남아가 고위험군에서 유의하게 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 검사 소견으로는 적혈구 침강 속도, C 반응단백의 정량 검사가 두 군의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 다변량 분석 결과 남아인 경우 2.9배, 적혈구 침강 속도는 11 mm/시간 이상에서 3.5배 더 유의하게 나타났다. 결 론 : 3개월 미만의 발열을 주소로 내원하는 환자에게 세균감염이 있는 특징적인 임상증상과 응급 검사를 찾지 못하였으나, 세균감염이 남아에서 특히 많았으며, 적혈구 침강속도가 응급 검사로 가능한 의료 기관에서는 중증 세균 감염을 예측하는데 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

Clostridium difficile infection has been increasing since 2000 in children and in adults. Frequent antibiotics use, comorbidity, and the development of hypervirulent strains have increased the risk of infection. Despite the high carriage rates of C. difficile, infants rarely develop clinical infection. Discontinuing antibiotics and supportive management usually leads to resolution of disease. Antibiotics use should be stratified depending on the patient's age and severity of the disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in lung cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of mucin 1 (MUC1) after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelial cancer cell line Calu-3. MUC1 is a major constituent of the mucus layer in the respiratory tract and contributes to pathogen defense. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) expression in a STAT3 activation-dependent manner. Inhibition of MUC1-C signaling increased apoptosis-related protein levels and reduced proliferation-related protein levels; however, SARS-CoV-2 replication was not affected. Together, these results suggest that increased MUC1-C expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger the growth of lung cancer cells, and COVID-19 may be a risk factor for lung cancer patients.