• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.211-227
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• 2023

Purpose In the contemporary landscape, marked by the enduring impact of COVID-19 and the recent disruptions stemming from the conflict in Ukraine, the purpose of this study is to navigate the era characterized by pervasive risk and uncertainty. Specifically, the study aims to dissect the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on digital transformation, exploring the factors influencing this process and considering the multifaceted dynamics at play. The focus extends to the post-COVID-19 landscape, scrutinizing the implications and meanings of digital transformation both before and after the pandemic. Additionally, the study delves into future digital trends, with particular attention to climate and environmental issues, emphasizing corporate responsibilities in averting crises similar to COVID-19. The overarching goal is to provide a holistic perspective, shedding light on both positive and negative facets of digital transformation, and advocating for regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks conducive to a balanced and resilient digital future. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on digital transformation. It considers various facets, such as smart devices reshaping daily routines, transformative changes in corporate ecosystems, and the adaptation of government institutions to the digital era within the broader context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The analysis extends to the post-COVID-19 landscape, examining the implications and meanings of digital transformation. Future digital trends, especially those related to climate and environmental issues, are prognosticated. The methodology involves a proactive exploration of challenges associated with digital transformation, aiming to advocate for regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks that contribute to a balanced and resilient digital future. Findings The findings of this study reveal that the digital economy has gained momentum, accelerated by the proliferation of non-face-to-face industries in response to social distancing imperatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation, both preceding and succeeding the onset of the pandemic, has precipitated noteworthy shifts in various aspects of daily life. However, challenges persist, and the study highlights factors that either bolster or hinder the transformative process. In the post-COVID-19 era, corporate responsibilities in averting crises, particularly those resembling the pandemic, take center stage. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic perspective, acknowledging both positive and negative facets of digital transformation. Additionally, it calls for proactive measures, including regulatory enhancements and legal frameworks, to ensure a balanced and resilient digital future.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

The increase in the dropout rate of college students nationwide has a serious negative impact on universities and society as well as individual students. In order to proactive identify students at risk of dropout, this study built a decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, and deep learning-based dropout prediction model using academic data that can be easily obtained from each university's academic management system. Their performances were subsequently analyzed and compared. The analysis revealed that while the logistic regression-based prediction model exhibited the highest recall rate, its f-1 value and ROC-AUC (Receiver Operating Characteristic - Area Under the Curve) value were comparatively lower. On the other hand, the random forest-based prediction model demonstrated superior performance across all other metrics except recall value. In addition, in order to assess model performance over distinct prediction periods, we divided these periods into short-term (within one semester), medium-term (within two semesters), and long-term (within three semesters). The results underscored that the long-term prediction yielded the highest predictive efficacy. Through this study, each university is expected to be able to identify students who are expected to be dropped out early, reduce the dropout rate through intensive management, and further contribute to the stabilization of university finances.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2024

Bridge lanterns are installed on bridges or piers to signal the presence of these structures on navigational routes and navigable waters, and they fall under the category of light wave signals in Aids to Navigation. In Korea, medium to large bridges installed over major rivers and seas are equipped with bridge lanterns, which are necessary for routes frequented by ships and require periodic inspections on a monthly or multi-month basis. However, most bridge lanterns are mounted externally on bridge railings as fixed or manual rotary supports, posing a high risk of fatal falls during inspections. Furthermore, high -traffic bridges demand quick maintenance works due to complaints about traffic disruption, thus increasing work hazards. Consequently, this study introduced a tailored automatic bridge lantern support concept based on different types of bridge lantern installations, aiming for safe and rapid inspections. Additionally, the study sought to achieve full automation of the bridge lighting system by integrating it with a management program for monitoring and controlling bridge lanterns, utilizing both wired and wireless communication technologies. These findings provide foundational design data for new and refurbished bridges that will be installed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_2
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• pp.1819-1827
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• 2021

Land-use/cover change caused by rapid urbanization in South Korea is one of the concerns in flood risk management because groundwater recharge by precipitation hardly occurs due to an increase in impermeable surfaces in urban areas. This study investigated the hydrologic effects of land-use/cover on groundwater recharge in the Yeonje-gu district of Busan, South Korea. A statistical time series analysis was conducted with temporal variations of precipitation and groundwater level to estimate lag-time based on correlation coefficients calculated from auto-correlation function (ACF), cross-correlation function (CCF), and moving average (MA) at five sites. Landform and land-use/cover within 250 m radius of the monitoring wells(GW01, GW02, GW03, GW04, and GW05) at five sites were identified by land cover and digital map using Arc-GIS software. Long lag-times (CCF: 42-71 days and MA: 148-161 days) were calculated at the sites covered by mainly impermeable surfaces(GW01, GW03, and GW05) while short lag-times(CCF: 4 days and MA: 67 days) were calculated at GW04 consisting of mainly permeable surfaces. The results suggest that lag-time would be one of the good indicators to evaluate the effects of land-use/cover on estimating groundwater recharge. The results of this study also provide guidance on the application of statistical time series analysis to environmentally important issues on creating an urban green space for natural groundwater recharge from precipitation in the city and developing a management plan for hydrological disaster prevention.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

Conventional funding system for the university research projects is limited to a grant or subsidy type funding method which does not require an obligation of refund. Such a funding system is known as ideal one for the university research activities which in general is not a profit oriented activities. It is considered ideal in a sense that nonprofit oriented research activities gives more emphasis on creativity than on efficiency or practical value. A venture- business-start-up research activity can not be considered as a pure nonprofit oriented activities. It clearly gives more emphasis on efficiency and practical value than on creativity Recently a large portion of the venture-business-start-up research activities are carried out in the universities. When a conventional research funding system is applied to such a new type of research activities, it turned out that the success rate is much lower than expectancy. This is why a new and differentiated funding system is sought for such a new type of research activities. A funding system of loan type for a venture-business-start-up research activities is proposed herewith. A loan system naturally requires a pay back after the successful start up of the venture business. This loan system nay be considered that a business concept is grafted on a conventional funding system for the university research activities. This means that a rather loose or generous terms and conditions of the money loan case is introduced into this funding system to remedy the short comings of the intrinsic nonprofit nature of the university research activities. The point is how to improve the success rate and how to reduce the undesirable aspect of the conventional university research activities when it is practiced with the new type of research activities. After one and half year of practicing with the new funding system. it can not be asserted that a definitely positive results could be obtained. but a trend of desirable aspects could be observed such as low drop out rate. project selection efficiency, higher sense of responsibility. etc.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.153-195
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• 2010

The recent global financial crisis has been the outcome of, among other things, the mismatch between institutions and the reality of the market in the current global financial system. The International financial institutions (IFIs) that were designed more than 60 years ago can no longer effectively meet the challenges posed by the current global economy. While the global financial market has become integrated like a single market, there is no international lender of last resort or global regulatory body. There also has been a rapid shift in the weight of economic power. The share of the Group of 7 (G7) countries in global gross domestic product (GDP) fell and the share of emerging market economies increased rapidly. Therefore, the tasks facing us today are: (i) to reform the IFIs -mandate, resources, management, and governance structure; (ii) to reform the system such as the international monetary system (IMS), and regulatory framework of the global financial system; and (iii) to reform global economic governance. The main focus of this paper will be the IMS reform and the role of the Group of Twenty (G20) summit meetings. The current IMS problems can be summarized as follows. First, the demand for foreign reserve accumulation has been increasing despite the movement from fixed exchange rate regimes to floating rate regimes some 40 years ago. Second, this increasing demand for foreign reserves has been concentrated in US dollar assets, especially public securities. Third, as the IMS relies too heavily on the supply of currency issued by a center country (the US), it gives an exorbitant privilege to this country, which can issue Treasury bills at the lowest possible interest rate in the international capital market. Fourth, as a related problem, the global financial system depends too heavily on the center country's ability to maintain the stability of the value of its currency and strength of its own financial system. Fifth, international capital flows have been distorted in the current IMS, from EMEs and developing countries where the productivity of capital investment is higher, to advanced economies, especially the US, where the return to capital investment is lower. Given these problems, there have been various proposals to reform the current IMS. They can be grouped into two: demand-side and supply-side reform. The key in the former is how to reduce the widespread strong demand for foreign reserve holdings among EMEs. There have been several proposals to reduce the self-insurance motivation. They include third-party insurance and the expansion of the opportunity to borrow from a global and regional reserve pool, or access to global lender of last resort (or something similar). However, the first option would be too costly. That leads us to the second option - building a stronger globalfinancial safety net. Discussions on supply-side reform of the IMS focus on how to diversify the supply of international reserve currency. The proposals include moving to a multiple currency system; increased allocation and wider use of special drawing rights (SDR); and creating a new global reserve currency. A key question is whether diversification should be encouraged among suitable existing currencies, or if it should be sought more with global reserve assets, acting as a complement or even substitute to existing ones. Each proposal has its pros and cons; they also face trade-offs between desirability and political feasibility. The transition would require close collaboration among the major players. This should include efforts at the least to strengthen policy coordination and collaboration among the major economies, and to reform the IMF to make it a more effective institution for bilateral and multilateral surveillance and as an international lender of last resort. The success on both fronts depends heavily on global economic governance reform and the role of the G20. The challenge is how to make the G20 effective. Without institutional innovations within the G20, there is a high risk that its summits will follow the path of previous summit meetings, such as G7/G8.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

The characteristics of ship traffic routes and the long term fluctuation in marine traf ic volume of the incoming and outgoing routes of the Yeosu Gwangyang Port were analyzed using vessel traffic data from the past 22 years and a real-time vessel traffic volume survey performed for 72 hours per year, for three years, between 2015 and 2017. As of 2017, the number of vessels passing through Yeosu Gwangyang Port was about 66,000 and the total tonnage of these ships was about 804,564 thousand tons, which is a 400 % increase from the 189,906 thousand tons shipped in 1996. Specifically, the dangerous cargo volume was 140,000 thousand tons, which is a 250 % increase compared to 1996. According to the real-time vessel traffic volume survey, the average daily number of vessels was 357, and traf ic route utilization rates were 28.1 % in the Nakpo sea area, 43.8 % in the specified sea area, and the coastal area traf ic route, Dolsan coastal area, and Kumhodo sea area showed the same rate of 6.8 %. Many routes meet in the Nakpo sea area and, parallel and cross passing were frequent. Many small work vessels entered the specific sea area from the neighboring coastal area traffic route and frequently intersected the path of larger vessels. The anchorage waiting rate for cargo ships was about 24 %, and the nightly passing rate for dangerous cargo ships such as chemical vessels and tankers was about 20 %. Although the vessel traffic volume of Yeosu Gwangyang Port increases every year, the vessel traffic routes remain the same. Therefore, the risk of accidents is constantly increasing. The route conditions must be improved by dredging and expanding the available routes to reduce the high risk of ship accidents due to overlapping routes, by removing reefs, and by reinforcing navigational aids. In addition, the entry and exit time for dangerous cargo ships at high-risk ports must be strictly regulated. Advancements in the VTS system can help to actively manage the traffic of small vessels using the coastal area traffic route.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2020

This study is a case study that applied 'UNDRR's Urban Disaster Resilience Scorecard', an evaluation tool necessary for Incheon Metropolitan City to be certified as an international safe city. I would like to present an example that the results derived from this scorecard contributed to the Incheon Metropolitan City Disaster Reduction Plan. Of course, the Disaster Resilience Scorecard can't provide a way to improve the resilience of every disaster facing the city. However, it is to find the weakness of the resilience that the city faces, and to propose a solution to reduce the city's disaster risk. This is to help practitioners to recognize the disaster risks that Incheon Metropolitan City faces. In addition, the solution recommended by UNDRR was suggested to provide resilience in areas vulnerable to disasters. It was confirmed that this process can contribute to improving the disaster resilience of Incheon Metropolitan City. UNDRR has been spreading 'Climate Change, Disaster-resistant City Creation Campaign', aka MCR (Making Cities Resilient) Campaign, to cities all over the world since 2010 to reduce global cities' disasters. By applying the disaster relief guidelines adopted by UNDRR, governments, local governments, and neighboring cities are encouraged to collaborate. As a result of this study, Incheon Metropolitan city's UN Urban Resilience Scorecard was evaluated as a strong resilience field by obtaining scores of 4 or more (4.3~5.0) in 5 of 10 essentials; 1. Prepare organization for disaster resilience and prepare for implementation, 4. Strong resilience Urban development and design pursuit, 5. Preservation of natural cushions to enhance the protection provided by natural ecosystems, 9. Ensure effective disaster preparedness and response, 10. Rapid restoration and better reconstruction. On the other hand, in the other five fields, scores of less than 4 (3.20~3.85) were obtained and evaluated as weak resilience field; 2. Analyze, understand and utilize current and future risk scenarios, 3. Strengthen financial capacity for resilience, 6. Strengthen institutional capacity for resilience, 7. Understanding and strengthening social competence for resilience, 8. Strengthen resilience of infrastructure. In addition, through this study, the risk factors faced by Incheon Metropolitan City could be identified by priority, resilience improvement measures to minimize disaster risks, urban safety-based urban development plans, available disaster reduction resources, and integrated disasters. Measures were prepared.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2016

National parks, which are located mainly in mountainous areas, are always at risk of damage by landslides. The goal of this study is to establish a method for systematically maintaining hazardous steep slopes along trails in national parks. We produced a checklist suitable for each of the 19 national parks nationwide and investigated 183 slopes. The aim of these investigations is to recommend appropriate slope-stability countermeasures, including field investigations and stability analysis. We made preliminary investigations at specific sites, evaluating the slope hazard using specialized equipment such as terrestrial LiDAR. An investment priority formula was developed, and ranking and hazardous grades were calculated as part of a long-term maintenance plan. Finally, to systematically manage dangerous slopes and to house all the field data within one system, we developed the "Slope Maintenance System in National Parks" based on web server that can show various information for slopes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

Soil quality standards (SQS) are necessary to protect the human health and soil biota from the exposure to soil pollutants. The current SQS in Korea contain only sixteen substances, and it is scheduled to expand the number of substances. Chemical ranking and scoring (CRS) system is very effective to screen the priority chemicals for the future SQS in terms of their toxicity and exposure potential. In this study, several CRS systems were extensively compared to propose the assessment factors that required for the screening of soil pollutants The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), CRSKorea, and other systems. The additional assessment factors of CRS suitable for soil pollutants were suggested. We suggest soil adsorption factor as an appropriate factor of CRS system to consider chemical transport from soil to groundwater. Other factors such as soil emission rate and cases of accident of soil pollutants were included. These results were reflected to screen the priority chemicals in Korea, as a part of the project entitled ‘Setting the Priority of Soil Contaminants'.