• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.376-387
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• 1997

The elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population in Korea and the largest consumers of expensive medical care. It is reasonable to believe that improving the nutritional status would be beneficial to reducing morbidity and to impro- ving the quality of their lives. This study was conducted to assess the health status and the Nutritional Risk Index of the elderly, and to provide the basic data for the Elderly Nutrition Improvement Program at the Public Health Center. One hundred and forty seven(76 males. 71 females) aged 60 years and over living in Suwon, were assessed with anthropometric measurements, body fat analysis, blood pressure measurements, and a set of questionnaires about health and other related variables. Over half of them had less than a junior middle school education and were considered low income. The percentage of overweight and obese subjects was 33% by the BMI(Body Mass Index), and the prevalence of hypertension was 28$\%$(males) and 31$\%$(females). They had a lot of self-recognized health problems, the male elderly complained about more than the female elderly. In the case of psychological health status, however, the female elderly showed a higher proportions of depression than the male elderly(p$\ll$0.05). In social health status, the elderly had good relationships with friends and collegues, whereas they had poor relationships with their families. They had many nutritional risk factors, and smoking was the most prevalent risk factor for the male elderly and anemia was for the female elderly. The results of this study suggest that Elderly Nutrition Improvement Programs should be planned that can be easily followed. It would be helpful to design a program focusing on individual phychological and social health status, this would increase the efficiency of the program.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.159-178
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• 2013

This study aims to evaluate the retirement income readiness of Korea, a country that-considering its high property asset ratio-is seeing an unprecedented rapid progression of graying. The result of analyzing 6,589 non-retired households in Statistics Korea's Survey of Household Finances (2011) is as follows. First, the Retirement Readiness Index, considering annual income and asset utilization income before including longevity risk, was 70.6. The index increased to 89.5 when utilizing real assets excluding houses and exceeded 100 when utilizing houses. Second, when designating 100 to be the life expectancy and taking into consideration longevity risk, there results were 52.5, 63.7, and 81.1, respectively. Third, since it is less likely for one to use all current financial assets as post-retirement income, the study reviewed the changes in the Retirement Readiness Index by applying three different levels of asset utilization ratios (50%, 75%, and 100%), which refer to the conversion ratios of current assets to retirement assets. This study is significant in that it considers longevity risk and applies asset utilization ratios in various ways, outside of the assumption that all current financial assets will be used as post-retirement income, to take a more realistic approach to retirement readiness.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.438-448
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• 2023

The concentrations of trace metals and organic matters in marine sediments collected from southeast Korean coastal areas were investigated. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination status, spatial distribution and potential ecological risks associated with the physiochemical composition in the studied areas. We found that the concentrations of trace metals in marine sediments were as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. According to the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of Korea, concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Cd at all sampling sites were below threshold effect levels (TEL). However, concentrations of As, Hg, and Pb (i.e., at the 94-98% of sampling sites), were below the TEL. In addition, concentration factors (CF) in the surveyed area were found to be associated with low ecological risks, whereas As, Hg, and Cu showed moderate to high risk levels in some inner parts of the studied bays. Finally, the pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI) of the elucidated metals were linked to moderate ecological risk, pointing to the possibility of being deleterious to some benthic organisms.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-125
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• 2013

신재생에너지 산업은 유망한 미래를 가지고 있지만 아직 미성숙한 산업의 특성상 높은 리스크를 지니고 있다. 국내 신재생에너지 산업의 성장을 위해서는 국내의 신재생에너지 기업들의 리스크 요인들을 파악하고 그것들을 저감시켜 줄 수 있는 방안을 찾는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 신재생에너지 기업들을 대상으로 리스크 요인을 파악하고 리스크를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기업의 리스크를 주가의 관점에서 시장 주가의 변동 대비 기업 주가의 변동 정도로 파악하여 연구를 진행하였다. 분석결과 국내 신재생에너지 기업의 리스크에 영향을 미치는 기업 내부 요인들을 찾았다. 분석 결과 기업의 규모, 기업의 부채 비율의 증가율, 기업의 다각화 수준이 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 기업의 규모가 클수록 기업의 리스크는 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업의 부채 비율의 증가율과 다각화 수준이 높을수록 기업의 리스크는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째로 기업 외부 요인 중 높은 풍력 및 태양광 국내 설치량 증가율과 높은 정부 R&D 지원의 증가율이 신재생에너지 기업의 리스크를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 세 번째로 각 요소들의 신재생에너지 기업의 리스크에 대한 상대적 영향도를 파악하였다. 민감도 분석 결과 신재생에너지 기업의 리스크에 영향을 미치는 요소들은 국내 연간 설치량 증가율, 사업규모 또는 기업의 사업다각화 수준, 부채 비율 증가율, 정부 R&D 지원 증가율 순으로 그 영향도가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.327-341
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• 1997

It is a well known fact that obesity is an important cause of cardiovascular disease, emphasized by many studies. Recently, cardiovascular diseaase has been found to correlate not only to the extent of obesity, but also the fat distribution of the individual; especially, focusing on obesity of the abdomen. Unfortunately, the proposed indices for abdominal obesity are numerous, and the results vary according to the index chosen. Three-hundred and twelve bus drivers in November, 1995, were chosen as subjects of this study. The author chose to measure serum lipid levels, fasting blood sugar levels and blood pressure, that are thought to be important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Obesity indices were calculated using anthropometric measurements. We were able to evaluate the significance of obesity indices by examining correlations between these indices and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The abdominal obesity indices and risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the levels of total cholesterol in the serum, fasting blood sugar levels, and diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly according to age. 2. There was a significant difference in the abdominal obesity indices according to drinking and smoking habits controlled for age. Among the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, triglyceride and diastolic pressures had significant differences according to the presence or absence of a drinking history controlled for age. 3. Although all obesity indices showed significant correlations, the weakest correlation was between BMI and abdominal diameter index and the strongest correlation was between sagittal diameter and sagittal diameter matched for height. 4. There was a negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and obesity indices. The weakest correlation was between fasting blood sugar levels and both SD and SDH showed correlations with the risk factors. 5. There was a significant correlation between SD and total cholesterol in the serum and fasting blood sugars controlled for age, drinking, and BMI. 6. After categorizing the subjects into 2 separate age groups at the 40 year mark, in the less than 40 you old age group, controlled for drinking and BMI, the results of comparitive studies have shown correlations between total cholesterol serum levels and waist-hip ratio, conicity-index, and SD. There were correlations between fasting blood sugar levels and SD, ADI, and SDH. There were no correlations between obesity indices and both total cholesterol serum levels and fasting blood sugar levels in the greater than 40 year old age group. There were significant correlations between abdominal obesity indices and total serum cholesterol or fasting blood sugar levels in the less than 40 year old age group, but no correlations in the age group over 40. These correlated factors between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease are assumed to exist in Korea as well. Furthermore, in this study a high correlation was found between SD, SDH and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Even when controlled for age, drinking, smoking, and BMI, the correlations between risk factors of cardiovascular disease and these indices exist. Therefore, the obesity indices, SD and SDH may prove to be important prognostic indicators or risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to assess the association of internet addiction and depression, stress and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Methods: The authors have surveyed 2 middle schools and 2 high schools located in Seoul and analyzed 525 questionnaires. The questionnaire included the Internet Addiction Self Diagnosis Index (K-index), Child Depression Index (CDI), Stress Index and Reynold's Suicidal Ideation Index. Structural equational model analysis was done to explore the association between internet addiction and suicidal ideation. Results: The adolescent internet addiction groups were classified as the high risk group 12 (2.3%), the potential risk group 64 (12.2%) and the normal group 449 (85.5%). When classified according to sex, the high risk group is consisted of 8 (3.9%) boys, 4 (1.3%) girls and the potential risk group is consisted of 41 (64.1%) boys and 23 (35.9%) girls which leads to the conclusion that boys are relatively more addicted compared with girls. The group with more addiction showed higher depression scores, stress scores and suicidal ideation scores. The correlation analysis showed the significant relations between internet addiction and depression (r=0.263), stress (r=0.265) and suicidal ideation (r=0.284). According to the structural equation model analysis, internet addiction had direct effects on the depression and indirect effects on suicidal ideation. Stress had the significant direct effects on both internet addiction and depression. Depression had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Internet addiction affects directly and indirectly an depression and suicidal ideation among adolescent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the effects of three exercise types on anthropometric and serum lipids and physiological index factors, which are known to be the three risk factors of cardiovascular disease in male workers. Methods : The experimental study period was 12 weeks. In this study, 30-40's males (N=31) were assigned to 3 experimental groups: regular aerobic(treadmill walking) exercise group, regular anaerobic(muscular endurance) exercise group, irregular aerobic & anaerobic exercise group and a control group using a stratified random assignment method. Results : In relation to anthropometric factors, the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups showed significant decreases in Weight, Broca's index, WC, BMI, WHtR, WHpR and HRrest. With regard to the serum lipid factors, the TC was decreased, but the HDL-c increased among the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups. However, no significant difference was found between the other groups in respect to the LDL-c and TG. Considering the physiological factors, the TC/HD-c, TC-HDL/HDL-c, LDL-C/HDL-c and NON-HDL-c ratios were decreased, but the HDL-c/TC ratio increased among the regular aerobic & anaerobic exercise groups. The TG/HDL-c and HDL-c/LDL-c ratios showed no significant differences between the groups. These results indicated that the positive change for each factor is much larger in the regular exercise groups, especially in the anaerobic exercise group. Conclusions : The results indicate that not only regular aerobic exercise, but also regular anaerobic(muscular endurance) exercise could be utilized in lessening the deleterious effects of the risk index factors for cardiovascular disease.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권spc1호
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• pp.1167-1175
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 노후도를 보다 간단히 평가할 수 있는 운영지수 분석법을 개발하였고 이를 기존의 노후도 분석법과 비교 분석하였다. 청주시 상수관망에 적용하여 노후도를 비교 분석하였으며 사용성을 입증하였다. 기존의 간접평가법 분석결과, 율량동(구시가지), 내덕1동, 용암2동 상수관망의 노후도가 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 신뢰성해석을 통한 안전도 분석 결과 내덕1동 상수관망이 직경 200 mm, 300 mm 강관 모두 파괴확률 3.21%, 4.65%로 안전도가 가장 취약한 것으로 분석되었다. 운영지수 분석법의 경우, 내덕1동 상수관망이 직경 200 mm, 300 mm 강관 모두 위험도 0.2609, 0.2644로 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 개량 우선순위는 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 운영지수 분석법을 통해 상수도관을 보다 간단하게 노후도를 분석하여 상수관망의 운영관리에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2023

Objectives: The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia showed a high prevalence of dental caries (88.8%) in Indonesia and suggested that smoking tobacco was associated with an increased risk of dental caries. This study analyzed the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries in the Indonesian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 35 391 Indonesians aged ≥10 years from all 34 provinces. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure dental caries. Smoking status was assessed qualitatively based on smoking activity, and the level of smoking exposure was assessed based on the Brinkman index. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships of smoking status and smoking exposure levels with the DMFT index. Results: Of the population aged ≥10 years, 36% had a DMFT≥8 (females: 37.5%, males: 33.9%). Almost one-fourth (23.4%) were current smokers, and 4.1% were ex-smokers. Furthermore, 26.4% had a Brinkman index ≥400, indicating heavy smoking. According to the multivariate analysis, current smoking status was associated with the risk of DMFT≥8 in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55; p<0.001) and overall (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14; p=0.037). In females, ex-smoking was associated with a 41% higher risk of DMFT≥8 (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.84; p=0.014). Heavy smoking was associated with a higher risk of DMFT≥8 in males (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.52; p<0.001) and females (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.50; p=0.022). Conclusions: Tobacco smoking was associated with dental caries in the Indonesian population.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the features, risk scores and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in their lower extremities. Methods: The participants in this prospective descriptive study were 175 adult patients who did not receive any prophylactic medication or mechanical therapy during their admission in the intensive care unit. Results: The mean age was 62.24 (${\pm}17.28$) years. Men made up 54.9% of the participating patients. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, and leg swelling between patients who developed deep vein thrombosis and those who did not have deep vein thrombosis. The mean risk score was 6.71(${\pm}2.94$) and they had on average 4.01(${\pm}1.35$) risk factors. In the multiple logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio=1.14) and leg swelling (odds ratio=6.05) were significant predictors of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion: Most critically ill patients are in the potentially high risk group for deep vein thrombosis. However, patients who are elderly, obese or have leg edema should be closely assessed and more than one type of active prophylactic intervention should be provided.