• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2009

Formal Safety Assessment(FSA) was introduced by the IMO as "a rational and systematic process for accessing the risk related to maritime safety and the protection of the marine environment and for evaluating the costs and benefit of IMO's options for reducing these risks". FSA can be used as a tool or a rule making process to help develope new rules and regulations. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a general review of the FSA methodology and to propose ways to use it in rule making process of machinery parts.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.186-234
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• 2018

Catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) have evolved from investigational procedures to their current role as effective treatment options for patients with AF. Surgical ablation of AF is available in most major hospitals throughout the world. Catheter ablation of AF is even more widely available, and is now the most commonly performed catheter ablation procedure. Management of patients with AF has traditionally consisted of three main components: (1) anticoagulation for stroke prevention; (2) rate control; and (3) rhythm control. With the emergence of large amounts of data, which have both defined and called attention to the interaction between modifiable risk factors and the development of AF and outcomes of AF management, we believe it is time to include risk factor modification as the fourth pillar of AF management. Catheter and surgical ablation of AF are highly complex procedures, therefore a decision to perform catheter or surgical AF ablation should only be made after a patient carefully considers the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the procedure.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

The key features of maritime accidents are the change of their attributes by new risks from time to time. To prevent maritime accidents in Korea, the impacts by new risks on domestic safety environments should be identified or predicted. The purpose of this paper is to find the hazard factors by new risks on maritime safety in Korea. The meaning of new risks is the elements of accident hazard which is compiled from new or rare or unprecedented events in the worldwide maritime transportations. The problems of new risks are the lacks of optimum countermeasures to mitigate accident risks. Using the questionnaires with 152 event scenarios classified by 20 accident causes, the hazard identification and risk analysis of new risks was performed based on the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) by IMO. A total of 22 Influence Diagrams, which is to depict the transit flows between accident causes to consequences, is used in the construction of 152 event scenarios. A total of 20 accidents causes is the same contents as the causation factors represented in Statistical Year Book for Maritime Accidents of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunals. After defining the evaluation equations to the response results of questionnaires by 46 experts, the work for risk analysis is carried out. As results from the analysis of 152 scenarios, it is known that the root cause to affect on maritime safety in Korea is the pressure of business competition and it led to the lacks of well experienced crews, the overload of vessel operations and crew's fatigue. In addition, as results from the analysis of 20 accident causes, the three accident causes are to be candidate as main issues in Korea such as the inadequate preparedness of departure, the neglecting of watch keeping in bridge and the inadequate management of ship operations. All of the results are thought to be as basic hazard factors to safety impediments. It is thus found that the optimum Risk Control Options to remove the hazard factors and to mitigate consequences required are the following two factors: business competition and crewing problems.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• 제93권6호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2018

A small number of viable tuberculosis bacilli can reside in an individual with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) without obvious clinical symptoms or abnormal chest radiographs. Diagnosis and treatment of LTBI are important for tuberculosis (TB) control in public and private healthcare facilities, particularly in high-risk populations. The updated 2017 Korean guidelines for TB recommend that tuberculin skin tests, interferon-gamma release assays, or a combination of them can be used for the diagnosis of LTBI, depending on the age and immune status of the patient as well as their TB contact history. For diagnosis of LTBI, exclusion of active TB is essential, and the possibility of healed TB in those without a history of treatment for TB but at risk of its development must be considered. The treatment options for LTBI include isoniazid, rifampicin, isoniazid/rifampicin, and isoniazid/rifapentine. The benefits and risks of these agents based on the age of the patient and their hepatotoxicity must be considered when selecting the appropriate drug. Standardized diagnosis and treatment of LTBI based on the updated 2017 guidelines will contribute to the control of TB in Korea as well as to further revisions of the guidelines.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.236-238
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• 2015

해상환경 변화와 과학기술 발전 등에 따라 기존에 알지 못하던 미식별 위기가 새롭게 창출되고 있다. 새로운 위기는 새로운 해양사고를 야기하기 때문에 이를 조기에 인지하지 못하면 해양사고는 지속 발생할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 미 식별된 또는 새로운 위기요소의 식별은 해양사고 예방에 중요하다. 그리고 많은 나라에서 다양한 해양사고 분석 기법과 모델들을 사용하여 해양사고를 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있는데, 해양사고 모델 개발을 위해서는 앞으로 발생할 수 있는 위기요소들에 대한 식별 및 분류도 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 식별된 위기요소와 새로운 위기요소 식별에 관하여 기초 조사하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-34
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• 2020

Purpose - In this study, we investigate determinants of hedging with derivatives and its effect on firm value and firm risk for Korean firms. Design/methodology - To avoid the endogeneity problem pointed out in previous studies, we use a two-stage analysis by using gains and losses from derivatives as instrument variable for hedging with derivatives. Findings - Our analysis on the determinants of hedging shows that firms that are more leveraged and less profitable, and with more growth opportunities are likely to hedge through derivatives. Additionally, large firms, firms less diversified into industry, and firms more diversified geographically are likely to use derivatives. Our two-stage analysis shows that indicators of hedging with derivatives have an insignificant effect on firm value, and the indicator of futures/forwards use and of swaps use have significant negative effect on firm value. Whereas, the extent of hedging with derivatives has positive effect on firm value for all types of foreign currency derivatives, which suggests that moderately low hedgers use derivatives inefficiently, but extensive hedgers use derivatives properly. With regard to firm risk, hedging with derivatives increases market-based risk, but decreases accounting-based risk. Thus, we conclude that Korean firms use derivatives to manage operational volatility rather than to manage market risk, and accounting-based risk reduction through hedging is not directly translated into higher firm value. Originality/value - This is not the first study to investigate hedging behavior of Korean firms, but the sample period that that this study analyzed is the longest and various method are used to control the endogeneity problem. We investigate not only total foreign currency derivatives but also by types of derivatives, including futures/forwards, options, and swaps.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.112-117
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• 2010

본 논문은, 국적일반화물선 공식안전성평가(Formal Safety Assessment, 이하 FSA) 연구의 1, 2 단계에 해당하는 위험요소 식별(Hazard identification) 및 식별된 사고 시나리오에 대한 위험도 분석(Risk analysis) 결과를 소개한 "국적일반화물선 초기안전성평가 연구(1)"에 이어서 FSA 연구의 3, 4 그리고 5단계의 내용으로, 국적일반화물선의 위험도 수준을 저감할 수 있는 위험도제어방안들(Risk Control Options)을 식별하는 단계(Step 3)와 식별된 위험도제어방안들 중 전문가 의견수렴을 통하여 선별된 위험도제어방안들을 대상으로 한 비용-효과 평가 단계(Step 4: Cost-Benefit Assessment) 그리고 비용-효과 평가의 결과를 정리하여 국적일반화물선의 안전성 제고를 위한 구체적인 방안을 제안하는 단계(Step 5: Recommendation for Decision Making)의 결과를 소개하였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Background: The prevalence of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing rapidly worldwide. Treatment options for ESBL-producing E. coli are limited, and infections caused by this organism are associated with improper antibiotic use, a long hospital stay, and increased mortality. Thus, the assessment and early recognition of the risk factors of nosocomial infections due to ESBL-producing E. coli are important for the infection control and proper treatment. Methods: A case-control study was performed that included nosocomial episodes of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia at a tertiary care hospital from January 2004 to December 2007. For each case patient, three controls were randomly selected and data on predisposing factors were collected. Results: Fifty-five cases of nosocomial ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia were studied. Carbapenem usage (OR: 11.3, 95% CI: 1.1-115.9, p=0.041), quinolone usage (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.1-18.8, p=0.042), biliary obstructive disease (OR: 11.8, 95% CI: 3.0-46.7, p<0.001) and the APACHE II score (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2- 1.5, p<0.001) were analyzed as independent risk factors of nosocomial ESBL-producing E. coli bacteremia. Conclusion: Our results showed that physicians caring for patients with risk factors of nosocomial bacteremia should consider ESBL-producing E. coli as the causative organisms of the disease.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2017

임진강 유역은 1996년부터 1999년까지 3번의 대규모 홍수가 발생하여 많은 인명피해와 9천억원의 재산피해를 입었다. 우리나라는 기후변화로 인하여 홍수피해가 앞으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 기후시나리오를 활용하여 미래의 홍수피해를 예측하고, 실물옵션 기반 경제성분석 방법을 제시하였으며, 임진강유역의 홍수방지시설물 투자사업의 사례연구를 통해 경제성분석을 실시하였다. RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 기후시나리오에서 모의된 강수량 자료를 활용하여 홍수피해액을 계산하고, 홍수방지시설물 투자에 의한 저감이익을 분석하였다. 향후 RCP8.5와 RCP4.5 기후시나리오가 실현되는 조건을 가정하여 홍수피해 저감이익의 변동성을 구하고, 2071년에 200년 재현주기에 적응하도록 하는 확장을 위한 투자를 할 수 있는 확장옵션을 적용하여 프로젝트의 옵션가치를 구했다. 옵션가치 분석결과, 두 가지 시나리오 하에서 경제성을 확보하고 있음을 확인하였고, RCP8.5 기후시나리오가 실현될 때가 RCP4.5의 경우보다 홍수피해 저감이익이 더 많이 발생하였다. 본 연구는 정부 의사결정권자가 실물옵션분석방법을 활용하여 홍수방재시설물의 경제성분석에 기후변화 불확실성을 고려할 수 있도록 도와줄 것으로 기대되며, 기후시나리오에서 제공하는 강우자료를 활용하여 기후위험요소를 경제적 가치로 정량화하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

Reflecting the current international trends toward proactive risk assessment and control at work with practical procedures, participatory action-oriented approaches are gaining importance in various sectors. The roles of these approaches in promoting the safety and health at work are discussed based on their recent experiences in preventing work-related risks and improving the quality of work life, particularly in small-scale workplaces. The emphasis placed on the primary prevention at the initiative of workers and managers is commonly notable. Participatory steps, built on local good practices, can lead to many workplace improvements when the focus is on locally feasible low-cost options in multiple aspects. The design and use of locally adjusted action toolkits play a key role in facilitating these improvements in each local situation. The effectiveness of participatory approaches relying on these toolkits is demonstrated by their spread to many sectors and by various intervention studies. In the local context, networks of trainers are essential in sustaining the improvement activities. With the adequate support of networks of trainers trained in the use of these toolkits, participatory approaches will continue to be the key factor for proactive risk management in various work settings.