• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.924-933
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an integrated risk stratification system (RSS) based on ultrasound (US) RSSs, nodule size, and cytology subcategory for diagnosing malignancy in thyroid nodules initially identified as Bethesda category III on fine-needle aspiration. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at two institutions and included consecutive patients with Bethesda category III nodules, and final diagnoses confirmed by repeat biopsy or surgery. A total of 320 Bethesda category III nodules (≥1 cm) from 309 patients (223 female and 86 male; mean age, 50.9 ± 12.0 years) were included. The malignancy risk of Bethesda category III nodules and predictors of malignancy were assessed according to US RSSs, nodule size, and cytology subcategory. The diagnostic performances of US-size cytology (USC) RSS and US RSS alone for malignancy were compared. Results: The intermediate or high suspicion US category independently increased the malignancy risk in all US RSSs (P ≤ 0.001). Large nodule size (≥3 cm) independently increased the malignancy risk of low- or intermediate suspicion US category nodules. Additionally, the atypia of undetermined significance cytology subcategory independently increased the malignancy risk of low suspicion US category nodules in most US RSSs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the USC RSSs was greater than that of the US RSSs alone (P < 0.048). Malignancy was not found in the very low risk category of USC RSS. Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of USC RSS for malignancy was superior to that of US RSS alone in Bethesda category III nodules. Malignancy can be ruled out in the very low-risk category of USC RSS.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.253-253
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2020

Some consumers question the safety of imported fashion products. We examine the effects of the use of an ecolabel, product category, and country of origin on consumer responses such as perceived physical risk, attitude towards a product, subjective norm, and intention to purchase imported fashion products. A sample of 508 adults in their 30s to 40s participated in online survey experiments. The survey experiments used 2 (the use of the ecolabel vs no label) × 4 (country of origin: China, Dominican Republic, Norway, and the United States) between-subjects and 4 (product category: men/women's wear, children's wear, underwear, and accessories) within-sub-jects factorial design. A total of 32 product-catalog images (stimuli) and eight versions of the questionnaire were developed. The use of the ecolabel is identified as having a significantly lower perceived physical risk than the no-label. The consumers' perceived physical risk also differs depending on product category and country of origin. Consumers perceive a higher physical risk about children's wear and underwear than other product categories as well as fashion products sourced from developing countries than from developed countries. The reduction of physical risk is found to facilitate consumers' purchase decision-making process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.371-374
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• 2007

For development of landslide risk assessment techniques using GIS(Geographic Information System), this study classifies the category of socioeconomic factors. The landslide quantitative risk assessment performs first prediction of flow trajectory and runout distance of debris flow over natural terrain. Based on those results, it can be analyzed the factors of socioeconomic which are directly related to the magnitude of risk due to landslide hazards. Those risk assessment results can deliver factual damage situation prediction to policy making for the landslide damage mitigation. Therefore, this study is based on feature classification of the digital map ver. 2.0 provided by the National Geographic Information Institute. The category of factors can be used as useful data in preventing landslide.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2013

Background: Antihistamine and anti-allergy medications are widely used during pregnancy. Reading label information is one of the easiest ways to get safety information. But there are content gaps among countries. Objective: To compare the risk level and the recommendation level of antihistamine/anti-allergy drug's label information in pregnant women among Korea, the USA, the UK, and Japan. Method: Study drugs of antihistamine/anti-allergy medications were selected according to Korea drug classification codes. Based on the label information of selected product, risk level was classified into 5 categories as follows: 'Definite', 'Probable', 'Possible', and 'Unlikely', 'Unclassified' according to the level of evidence. Recommendation level was classified into 4 categories as follows: 'Contraindicated', 'Cautious', 'Compatible', and 'Unclassified'. Frequency and proportion were presented according to the each category. To estimate agreement of each category among 4 countries, percent agreement and kappa (k) coefficient were calculated. Results: Total 13 drug ingredients were selected for antihistamine/anti-allergy medications. In risk level, Korea (46%) and Japan (69%) were mostly classified in the category of 'Unclassified', but 'Unlikely' category was more frequent in the UK (62%) and the USA (46%). In recommendation level, the proportion of 'Contraindicated' was highest in Korea (46%) compared to other countries. In contrast, the category of 'Cautious' was 77%-85% in the USA, the UK, and Japan. The percent agreement for risk level was highest in the USA-UK (54%). The recommendation level of Korea-USA showed lowest agreement for percent agreement (46%) and kappa coefficient (k=0.02). Conclusion: We confirmed the differences among safety information provided by four different countries. 'Contraindicated' was more likely in Korea compared with other countries.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the educational needs of elderly hypertensive or diabetes patients and educators for the education program development of cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group in community. Methods: This study was conducted with 60 hypertensive or diabetes patients aged 65 years or above (cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group) who had registered KHyDDI(Korea Hypertension Diabetes Daegu Initiative) Project and attended Hypertension Diabetes Intervention Center Program, and with 44 educators in the center between June and August, 2009. Data were collected using questionnaires including general characteristics, educational objectives, curriculum, contents, and methods. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: In education methods, cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group and educators both preferred small-grouped(5-9 persons) or individual education, 30min-1 hour, 50%-50% of theory-practice ratio, 3 months of education. In education contents, both groups needed all the suggested contents. Five categories would be suggested for the development of education program. The first category was that there was no significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's needs and knowledge. The second was category of low knowledge level in cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge. The repeated education would be necessary for this category. The third was category with large standard deviation in cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge. Individual education would be necessary for this category. The fourth category was that there was significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge and knowledge assessed by educators. The improvement of educator's education skill would be necessary for this category. The fifth category was that there was significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group and educator's needs. Conclusions: Small group or individualized and staged education reflecting above cardiocerebrovascular high risk group and educators' needs should be developed for more effective education to prevent and manage the cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

In order to study the occurrence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders of radio-technologists employed at metropolitan general hospitals and the factors that influence such occurrence, standardized questionnaire by NIOSH that was modified and supplemented to be suitable for conditions in Korea was used. Answers collected from 143 radio-technologists in two weeks from June 13, 2007 were analyzed and the results are as follows. Factor that influence symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders by area were analyzed through multiple logistic regression analysis and the results found that in the neck area, risk increased as the burdening work category 2(Korea ministry of labor)(OR=3.94) and burdening work category 9(Korea ministry of labor)(OR=4.72) increased. In the shoulder region, risk increased as burdening work category 2(Korea ministry of labor)(OR=5.36), burdening work category 7(Korea ministry of labor)(OR=3.90), and burdening work category 9 (Korea ministry of labor)(OR=5.76) increased. In the arm/hand/wrist regions, risk increased as burdening work category 2 (Korea ministry of labor) (OR=6.91), and burdening work category 9 (Korea ministry of labor)(OR=3.76) increased. In the lower back region, risk increased as burdening work category 2 (Korea ministry of labor) (OR=3.06), and burdening work category 8 (Korea ministry of labor)(OR=8.14) increased. In the leg/knees/foot regions, risk increased as burdening work category 2 (Korea ministry of labor) (OR=3.63), and burdening work category 9 (Korea ministry of labor)(OR=2.96) increased. Conclusively, in factors that influence musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in radio-technologists, influence of subjective health conditions, total work experience, experience in current division, and burdening work category 2, 7, 8, and 9 (Korea ministry of labor) were most significant. Therefore, for preventive management, in addition to ergonomic and educational intervention for correcting improper posture during work, efforts for break time adjustment and stress reduction is needed, and encouragement and support for regular exercise is needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2012

Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency altered the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older Koreans. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2008-2009 was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of CVD in a representative population-based sample of 5,559 men and women aged ${\geq}50$ years. CVD was defined as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The prevalence of CVD (7.0%) in the older Korean population was lower than that in the older US population, although average serum 25(OH)D levels were much lower in the Korean population. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between the CVD and non-CVD groups. However, subjects in the lowest category (< 25 nmol/l) of serum 25(OH)D level had the greatest prevalence of CVD, about two-fold higher than subjects in the highest category (> 75 nmol/l), after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education level, residence location, and region. The prevalence of other risk factors for CVD, including higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, was also higher among subjects in the lowest category than among those in the highest category. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D may be an independent risk factor for CVD in older Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.64-72
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• 2013

Construction machinery has been utilized to carry out construction works effectively. Using construction machinery enables a builder to reduce the time and the cost needed for the construction, but the fatal accident caused by it has been increased. This study is intended to identify risk magnitude of accident by kind of construction machinery through interviews with experts. Construction machineries surveyed in this research are excavator, tower crane, lift, mobile crane and forklift, those are the machinery which accident occurs more often than the other machinery. To evaluate the risk of the accidents identified, risk category was determined according to the US DOD system safety program (MIL-STD-882B) considering the risk degree and intensity. As a result, accident occurred in the process of material transport & handling was found to be the most dangerous. On the other hand, the accidents caused by the defective machinery and the poor safety gear were considered to be less dangerous relatively. The risk category by type of construction machinery suggested in this study is expected to provide the basic data in developing the safety guidance for construction project.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.160-170
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• 2021

A recent advance in communication technologies accelerates the spread of food safety issues once presented by the news media. To respond to those safety issues and take steps in a timely manner, automatically detecting related information from the news data matters. This work presents an AI-based system that detects risk information within a food-related news article. Experts in food safety areas participated in labeling risk information from the food-related news articles; we acquired 43,527 articles in which food names and risk information are marked as labels. Based on the news document, our system automatically detects food names and risk information by analyzing similarities between words within a text by leveraging learned word embedding vectors. Our AI-based system shows higher detection accuracy scores over a non-AI rule-based system: achieving an absolute gain of +32.94% in F1 for the food name category and +41.53% for the risk information category.