• 충청수학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

I study an optimal consumption and portfolio selection problem with regime-switching using a dynamic programming method. With constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) utility I obtain optimal solutions in closed-form.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

We use the dynamic programming method to investigate the optimal consumption and investment problem with regime-switching. We derive the optimal solutions in closed-form with constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2019

This study examines the model of perceived risk, trust, and continuous transaction intentions presented in a study of the buying behavior in International Transaction. Although most of the trade transactions have been studied as a legal supplement, trade transactions are also purchasing behavior aimed at maintaining continuous transaction intentions between the parties. The study results confirmed that perceived risk could be separated into risk neutrality, risk - taking and risk aversion, and perceived risk had an effect on trust. In addition, the trust affected by perceived risk in the trade transaction model has a statistically significant effect on continuous transaction intentions. The study results confirm that the theoretical background used in previous studies of purchase behavior models is also effective in trade transaction.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.310-336
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• 2021

We use iterative numerical procedures combined with analytical methods due to Rapach and Wohar (2009) to solve for the dynamic asset allocation strategy for optimal portfolio demand. We compare different optimal portfolio demands when investors in each country have different access to overseas and domestic investment opportunities. The optimal dynamic asset allocation strategy without foreign investment opportunities leads domestic investors in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore to allocate more funds to domestic bonds than to domestic stocks. However, the U.S. investors allocate more wealth to domestic stocks than to domestic bonds. Investors in all countries short bills at a low level of risk aversion. Next, we investigate dynamic asset allocation strategy when domestic investors in Korea have access to foreign markets. The optimal portfolio demand leads investors in Korea to allocate most resources to domestic bonds and foreign stocks. On the other hand, the portfolio weights on foreign bonds and domestic stocks are relatively low. We also analyze dynamic asset allocation strategy for the investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore when they have access to the Korean markets as overseas investment opportunities. Compared to the results when the investors only have access to domestic markets, the investors in the U.S. and Singapore increase the portfolio weights on domestic stocks in spite of the overseas investment opportunities in the Korean markets. The investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore short domestic bills to invest more than initial funds in risky assets with a varying degree of relative risk aversion coefficients without exception.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.383-393
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• 2022

At present, environmental problems are gradually becoming quite serious because of the expansion of the business scale of companies, factories, and enterprises, and that is also the reason for the global pollution of the world. Green entrepreneurship is playing an increasingly crucial role in influencing people's intentions, behaviors, and attitudes toward environmental protection through sustainable development. The purpose of this research was to examine the factors affecting university students' green entrepreneurship levels in Vietnam. To do this, we performed a scientific research survey with 773 students from reputable universities in Vietnam, 337 of whom are male and 436 of whom are female. To assess the reliability and correlation between observed and total variables, this study employs scale testing methods such as Cronbach alpha, EFA, CFA, and SEM. After evaluating the influencing elements, the findings reveal that the Subjective norm factor and the Risk-aversion component are two distinct aspects that influence university students' green entrepreneurship intentions in Vietnam and of which, the greatest influence is Risk Aversion. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the level of interest in green entrepreneurship is mostly seen by students with university education between the ages of 18-25.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk factor that significantly explains foreign currency risk premia. In recent years, some studies have found that the performance of the simultaneous consumption risk model improves considerably when tested on foreign currency portfolios, which are constructed based on the international interest rates differentials. However, this paper focuses on the long-run consumption risk factor. In our empirical research, we found that the real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average, when the future American long-run consumption growth rate appears low. This makes the high interest rate currency portfolios have relatively high risk premia. Meanwhile, the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate on average, under the same conditions, which results in relatively low risk premia for these portfolios. Therefore, this long-run consumption risk factor might explain why low interest rate currencies do not appreciate as much as the interest rate differential, and why high interest rate currencies do not depreciate as much as the interest rate differential. Research design, data, methodology - In our explanation, we provide new evidence on the success of long-run consumption risks in currency risk premia by focusing on the long-run consumption risks borne by American representative investors. To uncover the hidden link between exchange rates and long-run consumption growth, we set the eight currency portfolios as our basic assets, which have been built based on the foreign interest rates of eighty countries. As these eight currency portfolios are rebalanced every year, the first group always contains the lowest interest rate currencies, and the last group contains the highest interest rate currencies. Against these basic eight currency portfolios, we estimate the long-run consumption risk model. We use recursive utility framework and the stochastic discount factor that depends on the present value of expected future consumption growth rates. We find that our model is optimized in the two-year period of constructing the durable consumption expectation factor. Our main results surprisingly surpass the performance of the existing benchmark simultaneous consumption model in terms of R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test. Results - The performance of our model is superior. R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test of our long-run durable consumption model are 90%, 93%, and 65.5%, respectively, while those of EZ-DCAPM are 87%, 113%, and 62.8%, respectively. Thus, we can speculate that the risk premia in foreign currency markets have been determined by the long-run consumption risk. Conclusions - The aggregate long-run consumption growth risk explains a large part of the average change in the real excess returns of foreign currency portfolios. The real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average when American long-run consumption growth rate is low, and the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate under the same conditions. Thus, the low interest rate currency portfolios allow investors to hedge against aggregate long-run consumption growth risk.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.653-666
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• 2010

현 퇴직연금제도는 퇴직후 연금 지급방식에 대한 규정이 없다. 이에 대한 대안으로 연금 선진국에서 보편적으로 적용되고 있는 'Programmed Withdrawal'을 고려할 수 있다. 'Programmed Withdrawal'은 출금액의 산출방법에 따라 대표적으로 정액 방식, 정률 방식, 최종연령 방식 그리고 기대여명 방식으로 구분되며, 각 산출방식에 따라 인출할 수 있는 금액이 달라진다. 따라서 현행 자본시장통합법에 근거하여 가입자의 위험성향에 따른 투자성과를 반영하기 위하여 국내 금융자산의 기대수익률 그리고 제 6회 경험생명표을 적용한 실증분석을 실행하였다. 그 결과, 연령별, 성별로 적합한 자산투자비율이 다소 달랐으며 이로 인해 지급방식별 부족리스크와 상속재원이 달라질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.819-829
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• 2020

This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.33-53
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• 2010

When purchase prices of a raw material fluctuate over time, the total purchasing cost is mainly affected by reordering time. Existing researches focus on deciding the right time when the demand for each period is replenished at the lowest cost. However, the decision is based on expected future prices which usually turn out to include some error. This discrepancy between expected prices and actual prices deteriorates the performance of inventory models dealing with fluctuating purchase prices. In this paper, we propose a new inventory model which incorporates not only cost but also risk into making up a replenishment schedule to meet each period's demand. For each replenishment schedule, the risk is defined to be the variance of its total cost. By introducing the risk into the objective function, the variability of the total cost can be mitigated, and eventually more stable replenishment schedule will be obtained. According to experimental results from crude oil inventory management, the proposed model showed better performance over other models in respect of variability and cost.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 노동에 대한 수요가 구직자의 교육에 대한 결정에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석함에 있다. 혁신과 기술진보가 노동에 대한 수요를 줄이고 노동시장의 불확실성을 증대시키는 상황에서 본 연구는 노동자의 교육에 대한 투자가 노동에 대한 수요에 어떻게 의존하는가를 판단하는데 도움이 되는 이론적 구조를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노동에 대한 수요가 감소할수록 교육에 대한 수요는 일반적으로 증가한다. 하지만 이런 결과는 반드시 성립하는 것은 아니다. 둘째, 감소하는 노동에 대한 수요에 대하여 노동자가 교육에 대한 수요를 증가시키는 것은 노동자의 (애로우-프랏 절대위험기피계수로 측정한) 위험기피도가 어떤 수준을 상회하는 경우에만 성립한다. 셋째, 노동에 대한 수요가 감소하더라도 노동자에 대한 보수가 그의 교육에 대한 투자를 반영하지 않는 경우, 노동자는 오히려 교육에 대한 투자를 줄인다.