• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2016

메타분석이라는 통계적 기법을 이용하여 일상생활에서 많이 사용되는 식품가공처리 (수돗물 세척, 껍질제거, 데치기 및 오븐건조)에 의한 농산물 중 농약 잔류량의 변화를 관찰한 기존의 문헌들이 제공하는 데이터들을 통계적으로 통합하고 정량화하는 작업을 수행하였다. 각 식품가공처리법의 가중평균 response ratio ($R^*$)를 살펴보면 껍질제거는 0.140, 데치기는 0.344, 오븐건조는 0.462 및 수돗물 세척은 0.522이었으며 껍질제거에 의해 농산물 중 잔류농약이 최대로 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 수돗물 세척에 의한 12종 농약성분의 옥탄올물분배계수와 가중평균 response ratio ($R^*$)와의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 피어슨상관계수는 r=0.624 (p=0.03)로서 양의 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 보다 정확한 위해성 평가를 위한 가공계수를 산출하는데 참고자료로 활용될 수 있으며 또한 잔류농약과 식품안전성에 대한 소비자의 이해를 돕는 자료로도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.388-407
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• 1995

This study is (a) to describe the history of Total Quality Management (TQM) generated in the industry, health care service, and nursing society ; (b) to define the concept, total quality management including the definition of quality ; (C) to explain the each principle of TQM theory developed by main theorists, E. Deming, J. Juran, and B. Crosby ; (d) to give the examples related to TQM implementation at the health care organization ; and (e) to mention the extent to which the health care organizations are able to evaluate their cultural organization toward TQM and have had the way to measure the effect of TQM implementation. TQM referred to Continuous Quality Improvement(CQI), Quality Improvement(QI), and Total Quality Improvement(TQI), was not recognized by experts in the United States industry, but by economists in Japan until the end of the 1970's. However, the United States' government led to introduce the principles of TQM to general industry as well as health care service area so that TQM became a main philosophy to manage the organizations in health care service. TQM is a structured, systematic process for creating organization-wide participation in planning and implementing continuous improvement in quality. E. Deming established the "Chain reaction in Quality" and the fourteen point of TQM. The Chain reaction in quality is to describe the relationship among the reduction of waste, rework, and delay, quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and productivity. There are fourteen points to explain the principles of TQM by E. Deming. Juran defined the "Quality Trilogy" to improve the level of quality in any organization. Quality Trilogy has three steps such as quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement for implementing the TQM projects. Crosby describes his TQM theory by establishing "Four Absolutes" and "Fourteen steps in TQM" implementation. Until now, most healthcare organizations have made efforts to organize the TQM task team and to implement TQM principles with various issues. There are three priorities to select the TQM issues : High-volume, High-risk, and Problem-prone. However, there is no absolute, credible measurement yet to evaluate the effects of TQM implementation in health care organization regardless of the classification of health care organizations, geographical background, and social influence. Thus, developing the evaluation way in terms of TQM is the foremost task in health service area. The most important thing for TQM implementation in the organization is to settle up the concept, cultural transformation from traditional management toward quality.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.816-828
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• 1995

식품의 가공처리나 저장 중에 단백질에 결합된 아미노산의 side chain이 상호간 또는 식품내 다른 분자들과 화학적으로 반응할 수 있다. 이 반응으로 아미노산의 구조적 파괴, recemization, 단백질의 상호작용들, 또한 환원성 당과, 산화제 및 polyphenol류와의 결합을 들 수 있다. 이들 중 Maillard 반응 (예 ; fructoselysinel과 아미노산 간의 cross-linking(예 ; lysinoalanine)에 의한 반응이 주를 이룬다. 이때 가장 영향을 받는 아미노산이 lysine으로, 이는 lysine이 기능성 유리 ${\varepsilon}-amino$ group을 갖고 있기 때문이다. 일반적으로 아미노산의 derivatives나 polypeptides내 cross-links는 단백질의 체내 이용율과 소화율을 감소시켜 단백질 식품의 품질을 떨어뜨린다. 본 논문에서는 식품낸의 lysinoalanine과 fructoselysine의 형성과 관련된 기술적, 분석적, 영양적 그리고 생리적인 문제들에 관하여 문헌고찰하였다. 결론적으로 식품내 이들의 존재가 여러가지 영향을 체내에서 미칠 수 있으나 정상 성인에게는 전혀 위험한 물질이 아님을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 제한된 formular foods를 주로 먹는 유아에게는 성장에 lysine이 필수적이므로 lysine 손상을 통한 단백질의 질 저하는 대단히 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 따라서 유아식의 가공처리와 저장에 주의를 해야할 필요가 있다고 본다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2004

연구 배경 : 비스테로이드성 항염증제는 대장암의 화학 예방에 이용되고 있다. 지속적으로 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 복용한 결과 대장암 발생의 위험이 40-50% 감소하였다. Sulindac은 비스테로이드성 항염증제의 일종으로 대장암의 예방 효과가 있으며 암세포의 성장 억제와 세포 고사를 유도시킨다. 이에 저자들은 3가지 비소세포 폐암 세포주에서 sulindac의 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : A549(선암), NCI-H157(편평상피암), NCI-H460(대세포암) 세포주에 sulindac을 농도별로 투여하여, MTT assay로서 암세포의 생존율을, 유식세포 분석법과 핵산 염색으로 세포 고사의 비율을, 유산탈수소효소유리로서 세포 사멸의 정도를 시간대별로 측정하였다. 결 과 : Sulindac에 의해 농도와 시간에 의존적으로 비소세포 폐암 세포주에서 암세포의 생존율이 감소하였고, 유산 탈수소 효소 유리는 증가하였으며, 세포 고사 역시 농도, 시간에 의존적으로 증가하였다. 결 론 : Sulindac은 비소세포 폐암 세포주에서 농도, 시간에 의존적으로 암세포의 생존율 감소와 세포 고사증가를 유도하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2013

Egg consumption has been limited to avoid cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, because the yolk contains high levels of cholesterol. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the water-soluble component of egg-yolk on the growth efficiency, immune modulation, and changes in serum lipid levels in BALB/c mice. A total 5 wk old 120 BALB/c male mice were divided into 4 groups and were fed 0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/d water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) for 5 wk. Water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) uptake resulted in a significant reduction in daily weight gain and feed efficiency rate (FER). The mouse groups treated with 2 and 20 mg/d WSEYE showed a significant increase in populations of monocytes at the third wk and B-lymphocyte activity at the fifth wk. In addition, WSEYE uptake did not influence serum immunoglobulin E levels. In serum lipid-profile studies, treatment of WSEYE did not alter total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; however, blood triglyceride levels were significantly diminished in mice treated with 2 mg/d at the third wk (p<0.05), and the level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the mice group treated with 2 and 10 mg/d WSEYE after 5 wk (p<0.05). Taken together, the data demonstrate the beneficial effects of WSEYE in the diet on immune modulation and serum lipid profiles in mouse models; therefore, this study suggests that ingestion of water-soluble fraction of egg yolk might not be related to the increased risk of heart disease, but can be an excellent candidate for maintaining health.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3451-3454
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• 2012

Background: Esophageal cancer in Iran is the sixth most common cancer and is particularly important in east Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was to calculate survival rates and define prognostic factors in esophageal cancer patients. Methods: In this study, all patients with esophageal cancer registered in the Radiation Therapy Center, during March 2006 to March 2011, were analyzed and followed up for vital status. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Out of 532 patients, survival information was available for 460, including 205 (44/ 5%) females and 255 (55/4%) males. The mean age was $65.8{\pm}12.2$, ranging from 29 to 90 years at the time of diagnosis. 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates after diagnosis were 55%, 18% and 12%, respectively, with a median survival time of $13.2{\pm}.7$ (CI 95% =11.8-14.6) months. In the univariate analysis, age (P=0/001), education (P=0/001), smoking status (P= 0/001), surgery (P= 0/001), tumor differentiation (P= 0/003) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significant prognostic factors. Tumor morphology, sex, place of residence, tumor histology and tumor location did not show any significant effects on the survival rate. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0/003), smoking (P= 0/01) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significant independent predictors of survival. Conclusion: In summary, prognosis of esophageal cancer in North West of Iran is poor. Therefore, reduction in exposure to risk factors and early detection should be emphasized to improve survival.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1026-1032
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• 2004

In this study, we assess the recent changes in the amount of excretion by the livestock industry, and discuss the effects of increasing the ratio of cultivated land on the reduction of surplus nitrogen from a cost-performance perspective. Nitrogen has contributed to acidification of ecosystems and nitrate concentrations in groundwater, especially in Europe. Therefore, we assessed the level of nitrogen waste from the domestic Japanese livestock industry, including cattle, swine and poultry during the period 1987-2001. This assessment assumed that 40% of the nitrogen from the domestic livestock industry was emitted as gas into the air and that 60% of the nitrogen was contained in manure used on domestic cultivated land. Nitrogen excreted from livestock, excluding gas emission, decreased by 11% from 0.504 million tons to 0.447 million tons during 1993-2001. Thus, the peak period of nitrogen excretion from livestock is already past in Japan. However, the area of cultivated land under management also decreased during 1990-2000. In addition, the area of paddy and upland fields left unplanted for a year increased during 1990-2000. Therefore, if all manure from the domestic livestock industry had been utilized on the fields as organic fertilizer, but not on arable land left uncultivated for the past year, the nitrogen per net area of cultivated land would have increased by 5%, from 125 to 131 N kg/ha, during 1990-2000. To reduce the nitrogen ratio on cultivated land through the planting of feed grain to utilize the nitrogen, a comparison of the cost performance of feed grains indicated that barley would be more suitable than wheat, rice or soybean. Had barley been planted in 100% of the land left fallow for the past year in 2000, 4% (20,000 tons) of the nitrogen from livestock waste would have been used in the harvest, and the nitrogen per land unit would have not increased but decreased from 125 to 121 N kg/ha during the same decade. Furthermore, when converted into Total Digestible Nutrients, 7% of imported feed corn could have been replaced with the harvested barley in 2000. Planting barley on this fallow land had three benefits; reducing the risk of manure overload on the land, slowing down the decrease in cultivated land, and raising the feed self-sufficiency ratio. Thus, it would be beneficial to plant feed grain such as barley in land left fallow for the past year through utilization of manure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5263-5272
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• 2012

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is a routine auxiliary treatment for GC recommended by the guidelines issued in 2011 by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, but the relevant credible consequences in China have been insufficient because of China's late start and ethical concerns. Methods: A series of databases, including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Chinese database of the National Knowledge Infrastructure and the VIP database, were searched by 2 reviewers independently for studies investigating AC for GC through March 2012. The retrieved literature was screened according to the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 35 randomized control trials (RCTs) were subjected to the final analysis, including 4,043 patients in treatment group and 3,884 in the control group, as well as 4 clinical-control trials (CCTs), which accessed the final analysis with 238 and 252 patients, respectively. AC reduced the risk of death as a protective treatment with statistical significance (HR=0.91, 95%CI: [0.85, 0.97], P=0.002), and it seemed more effective for Asian than non-Asian patients. The effects of AC were not influenced by the starting time (P>0.05). D2 lymphadenectomy-based chemotherapy was effective (HR=0.89, 95%CI: [0.80, 0.99], P=0.04). Oral S-1 40 mg/m2 after D2 lymphadenectomy might be a better choice for Asians with advanced GC and might result in a greater reduction of adverse events than in non-Asian patients. GRADE quality assessment determined that the strength of the evidence from foreign studies from Europe, the United States and Asian countries other than China was high, while it was moderate for Chinese studies. Conclusion: AC was effective or even curative in Chinese patients in general, although it is still necessary to optimize a targeted AC scheme for Chinese patients with GC.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2018

방위력개선사업의 선행연구는 소요가 결정된 무기체계의 효율적인 획득방법 결정을 지원하기 위해 사업초기 단계에 수행되고 있다. 사업 초기단계의 선행연구는 그 중요성이 간과되어 소홀히 진행되어 왔으며, 이로 인한 성능 미충족 및 비용증가 등의 사업추진간 문제점이 지속적으로 발생되고 있다. 제한된 시간내 많은 항목의 선행연구를 수행한 결과, 핵심검토항목을 깊이 있게 검토하지 못함으로써 사업추진간 예상되는 위험을 식별하고 감소시키는 역할을 제대로 수행하지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 방위력개선사업 선행연구 단계에서 수행시 고려해야 할 핵심요소들을 식별하기 위해 시스템안전 분석과정에서 사용되고 있는 FTA/FMEA 기법의 활용에 대해 연구하였다. 구체적으로 수행방안 도출시 FTA/FMEA 기법의 적용에 대한 착안점 및 주어진 조건에 부응하도록 개선을 통해 핵심검토 항목 도출을 위한 방법론을 구축하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 방위력개선사업 선행 연구단계에서 핵심 수행요소 재정립을 통해 향후 방위력 개선사업의 사업관리 측면에서 발생할 수 있는 불필요성 및 예상되는 위험을 제거함에 따라, 비용 및 시간을 절감하고 위험감소를 통한 사업의 안정적 추진을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2011

Background: Periprocedural treatment with high-dose statins is known to have cardioprotective and pleiotropic effects, such as anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory actions. We aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose rosuvastatin loading in patients with stable angina undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Materials and Methods: A total of 142 patients with stable angina who were scheduled to undergo surgical myocardial revascularization were randomized to receive either pre-treatment with 60-mg rosuvastatin (rosuvastatin group, n=71) or no pre-treatment (control group, n=71) before OPCAB. The primary endpoint was the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The secondary endpoint was the change in the degree of myocardial ischemia as evaluated with creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin T (TnT). Results: There were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative risk factors or operative strategy. MACEs within 30 days after OPCAB occurred in one patient (1.4%) in the rosuvastatin group and four patients (5.6%) in the control group, respectively (p=0.37). Preoperative CK-MB and TnT were not different between the groups. After OPCAB, the mean maximum CK-MB was significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $10.7{\pm}9.75$ ng/mL, control group $14.6{\pm}12.9$ ng/mL, p=0.04). Furthermore, the mean levels of maximum TnT were significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $0.18{\pm}0.16$ ng/mL, control group $0.39{\pm}0.70$ ng/mL, p=0.02). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high-dose rosuvastatin loading before OPCAB surgery did not result in a significant reduction of 30-day MACEs. However, high-dose rosuvastatin reduced myocardial ischemia after OPCAB.