• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.859-871
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the usability, quality, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids, for caries management in preschoolers. Methods: Ninety-one caregivers and preschoolers participated in the user evaluation of CAMBRA-kids. The evaluators assessed the usability, quality, and usefulness of CAMBRA-kids. The collected data were analyzed using R studio 1.2.1335 for Windows (RStudio Inc. 2018, Boston, MA, USA). The evaluations for usability, quality, and usefulness were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: On user evaluation, the quality and usefulness of the application scored >3 points, and majority of the users rated the quality and usefulness of the application as high. The quality of the application's system was the highest at 3.68 points, and the actual usage of the application was the lowest at 3.10 points. The application had the highest technological aspect score of 3.20, whereas the content related to oral health information had the lowest score of 3.10/5. Although the application showed no statistically significant differences in the quality and usefulness according to general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two when compared between the caries risk group. For all items, the protector of the high-risk group evaluated the quality and usefulness of the application highly. The moderate risk group gave the lowest evaluation score for the application's quality and usefulness. The usability score of the application, according to the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS), was 3.25, and the average engagement score was 2.82 (56.31%). The highest subscale score was 3.63. Conclusions: In this study, we found suitable quality, usability, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids. In future, the use of this application will contribute to the prevention of dental caries among preschoolers.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2021

Road structures play an important role in collisions involving vehicles and wildlife. Our study aimed to determine the effect of various types of road structures on the risk associated with roadkill. We surveyed 50 previously identified roadkill hotspots, ranked from one to five according to roadkill density. We collected nine types of road structure data on each hotspot road section. Structures with similar characteristics were grouped together, resulting in five categories, namely, median barrier, high edge barrier, low edge barrier, speed, and visibility. We examined the existence of each road structure category at each hotspot rank. The cumulative link model showed that the absence of bottom blocked median barrier increased the roadkill hotspot rank. Our study concluded that a visual obstacle in the middle of roads by the median barrier decreases wildlife road crossing attempts and roadkill risk. We suggest that future roadkill mitigation plans should be established considering these characteristics.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to find if the introduction of project finance perspective leads to any modification to the view of PM industry on CSFs of PPP and their relative importance rank. Design/methodology/approach - Through literature reviews, this study came up with a set of CSFs reflective of both perspectives. AHP method was applied for analysis by developing an Analytic Hierarchical Model from this set and survey questionnaires of pairwise comparison to solicit 46 qualified expert responses. Findings - This study concurs with PM industry to acknowledge 'risk allocation', 'legal framework' and 'quality of feasibility' as ones of most important CSFs. However, relative importance rank of individual CSFs goes through significant modification under this study in favor of 'sponsor commitment and quality' but against 'political environment', in particular. Research implications or Originality - Discussions on the CSFs led by PM industry have not been properly reflective of project finance perspective, which is injected into this study to cure the partiality. For researchers, findings of this study may call attention to financing perspective when they discuss CSFs of PPP. Practitioners may benefit from this study by allocating resources in view of this new finding when pursuing PPP projects.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.234-243
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• 1994

This research has studied situational effects on the perceived risk and store choice behavior. Data were obtained from 388 females with full-time jobs living in Pusan. The results analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis, analysis of variance(ANOVA), 1-test and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows; 1. There were significant differences in percieved risk according to the clothing purchasing situations. Performance risk was perceived high in gift-shopping situation and time-pressured situation, and financial risk was perceived high in self-shoving situation. 2. There were particularly significant differences in store attributes evaluation according to the clothing purchasing situations. In self-shopping situation, price, quality and reliability, store loyalty were evaluated as important store attributes. In gift-shopping situation, quality and reliability, product iuomation and in time-pressured situation, store loyalty and product information were evaluated as important store attributes. 3. Consumers preferred national brand franchise stores in self-shopping situation. They preferred department stores in gift-shopping situation and time-pressured situation. The types of selected store were mainly affetted by shopping convenience and location convenience.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.947-955
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• 2017

A competing risk analysis has been applied when subjects experience more than one type of end points. Geskus (2011) showed three types of estimators of CIF are equivalent under left truncated and right censored data. We extend his approach to an interval censored competing risk data by using a modified risk set and evaluate their performance under several sample sizes. These estimators show very similar results. We also suggest a test statistic combining Sun's test for interval censored data and Gray's test for right censored data. The test sizes and powers are compared under several cases. As a real data application, the suggested method is applied a data where the feasibility of the vaccine to HIV was assessed in the injecting drug uses.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1997

This study was conducted to analyze the nursing diagnoses applied for case studies of nursing students through their clinical practices, and to provide the educational basis of nursing diagnoses with its results. The data were collected for two years(1995 and 1996) from 70 case studies reported by the 2nd and 3rd year nursing junior college students. The students made 259 nursing diagnoses among which 230 diagnoses qualified NANDA classification and were taken for analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The number of diagnoses indicating response patterns was 35(35.7%), whereas 98 diagnoses in NANDA table. Among the 35 diagnoses, the pattern of exchange was most frequent, then feeling, moving, knowing in rank. 2. The diagnoses were analyzed in the categories of response patterns. For Instance, 'Altered in Nutrition' was most frequent in exhange, then Risk for Infection', 'Ineffective Airway Clearance', in rank. 3. Among 230 diagnoses, 'Knowle Deficit' was most frequently mentioned, then 'Activity Intolerance' 'Anxiety', 'Pain', 'Altered in Nutrition', 'Risk for Infection', 'Ineffective airway clearance', in rank. 4. The types of word expression of each diagnoses were various. 'Activity Intolerance' was expressed in 6 types. 5. The relating factors applied to each diagnosis were analyzed. For Instance, the relating factor of 'Knowledge Deficit' were illness, and therapeutic process, lack of motivation, occurrance of complication, short experience, operation, and so on. From the above study, the researcher would like to recommend as follows : 1) The current diagnoses need to be verified its content validity, when they are applied to our culture. 2) The most effective educational method for applying nursing diagnoses should be explored. 3) Further study could be focused on not only 'relating factors' but also 'sign and symptoms'.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 화재현장에서 소방관들이 느끼는 위험성과 돌발화염에 대한 인식에 관하여 조사하고 연령, 경력 및 계급에 따른 인식의 차이를 통계적으로 비교 분석하였다. 화재현장에서 느끼는 위험성은 계급에 따라 인식의 차이가 있음을 확인하였으며, 화재현장에서의 돌발화염 노출 가능성에 대해서는 70% 이상의 응답자가 노출가능성이 높다고 응답하였으나 연령, 경력, 직급에 따른 인식 차이는 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 만약 화재현장에서 돌발화염을 겪게 될 경우의 위기대처 능력에 관한 조사에서는 응답자의 연령, 경력, 직급에 따라 인식의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 볼 때 향후 돌발화염의 모의 훈련 등의 강화가 보다 절실히 요구되며, 돌발화염에 따른 표준작전절차의 개선이나 화재진압교육의 보완을 통해 인명사고를 최소화하기 위한 방안들이 강구되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2009

We conducted human risk assessment due to inhalation exposure to heavy metals emitted from incinerator. The process of health impact assessment(HIA) on incinerator is as follows: The first step is to presume and calculate the amount of heavy metals emitted using emission factor. The second step is to conduct an exposure assessment using the K-SCREEN model which is used for predicting the concentration in a conservative method. The last step is to carry out a risk assessment on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances. This study revealed that rank of carcinogenic human risk was $Cr^{+6}$ > As > Ni > Cd, and values of human risk assessment on carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances is lower than the US criteria for risk assessment except $Cr^{+6}$. It is expected that the technique of HIA, especially human risk assessment on heavy metals, would be applied to the incinerator construction project. In addition, more systematic studies are needed to overcome some weak points and limits found in this study.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for falls in tertiary hospital inpatients and to suggest data for developing a nursing intervention program for preventing falls. Methods: Data were collected between January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to measure the survival rate, and the log-rank test was used for the differences between the fall group and the non-fall group. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors for falls. Results: The incidence rate of falls for the inpatients was 1.2 cases per 1,000 days of hospitalization. The risk factors for falls were more likely to be found among those who were aged ${\geq}81$, had not undergone surgery, had poor joint motion, had unsteady gait, needed help or supervision, used assistive devices, had comorbidity, and took at least two drugs. Conclusion: For the inpatients, the risk factors for falls included age, surgery, comorbidity, medication that could change mobility, joint motion, and use of patient care equipment. It is necessary to give special attention to inpatients who have any of these risk factors and to develop a falls risk assessment tool.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 대학생의 CIMT (목동맥 내막-중막 두께)와 흡연 습관, 음주 습관 및 두 가지 연관성을 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구는 CAGE (음주 관련: 절주, 비판에 대한 반감, 죄책감, 해장) 설문지, FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) 설문지, 대학생들의 CIMT에 대하여 수행되었다. 세 군으로 분류 된 각 음주 수준에 따른 CIMT 결과 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 차이가 없었다. FTND 흡연 분류에 따른 CIMT의 결과는 흡연 군이 비 흡연 군보다 높았다(P<0.01). 흡연과 음주는 좌우 CIMT 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 음주의 위험만 있는 군에서 왼쪽 CIMT (19.84 순위)는 낮은 순위를 보였다. 왼쪽(42.38 순위)과 오른쪽(42.81 순위)의 CIMT는 흡연 위험만 있는 집단에서 높은 순서를 보였다(P<0.01). 이 연구 결과 흡연자와 음주자 사이의 평균 CIMT, 특히 흡연 상태가 높은 사람들 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 시사한다. 이 연구에는 몇 가지 제한 점이 있다. 첫째, 작은 연구 대상 두번째, 대상자가 어리고, 셋째, 흡연, 음주 및 CIMT에만 중점을 두었다. 결론적으로, 흡연은 젊은 성인에서 무증상 아테롬성 동맥 경화 위험인자에 대한 부작용과 CIMT를 현저하게 악화 시키며 젊은 성인에서 금연의 중요성이 강화되어야 한다.