• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of heavy metal concentrations in the blood and urine of the general population. This research had been conducted from April to December 2008, studying 545 residents of Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Through the concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mn) in the biota samples and questionnaires, the residents heavy metal exposure level and the influential factors according to personal characteristics or lifestyle were evaluated. As to the heavy metal concentration in the blood and urine of the comparing region, were As and Mn statistically significant(p<0.01, p<0.05). Blood lead and urinary mercury concentrations were higher in males than females. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased blood mercury. The concentration of all heavy metals were higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers. Blood lead and mercury concentrations were higher in the smokers than in the non-smokers, but the urinary cadmium, arsenic and blood manganese was higher in the non-smokers than in the smokers. As to the blood lead and urinary cadmium concentration according to the food preference fish showed high concentration. To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in biota among subjects multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a results, it turned out that as to lead content in blood, sex, age and smoking have influence on the subjects with explanatory adequacy of 14.0 %. These results demonstrated that the factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine. The results of this study could be used as the foundational data for setting the health risk assessment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2140-2149
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• 2013

혁신에서 불확실성이나 불연속을 경영한다는 것은 대부분의 기업에게 어려운 과제이다. 기업의 지속 가능한 장기적인 생존을 위해 불연속 혁신이 내포하고 있는 문제 중 하나는 혁신가의 딜레마이다. 특히 불연속 혁신과 기존 사업자간의 동태적인 상황은 연구자들과 기업 경영자들에게 큰 관심사항이다. 본 논문은 불연속 혁신이라는 현상을 설명하는 이론적 배경으로 격변이론을 도입한다. 즉, 불연속 혁신에 대한 기업전략의 동태적인 현상을 격변이론의 틀에서 해석함으로써 혁신딜레마를 극복하는 제어인자를 도출한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 불연속 혁신의 네 가지 유형으로 기술 불연속, 제품 불연속, 사업 불연속, 그리고 소비자 선호도 불연속을 정의하고, 각각의 유형별로 불연속 혁신 실사례를 격변이론의 관점에서 해석함으로써 불연속 혁신을 중심으로 한 기업간 경쟁의 동태적인 상황을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 과정은 기업 간 경쟁 속에서 예측이 떨어지는 불연속적인 상황에 미리 대처할 수 있는 제어인자를 발굴할 수 있도록 해준다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.179-205
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• 2017

This research presents an in-depth analysis of location planning of the solar-hydrogen power plants for electricity production in different cities situated in Kerman province of Iran. Ten cities were analyzed in order to select the most suitable location for the construction of a solar-hydrogen power plant utilizing photovoltaic panels. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology was applied to prioritize cities for installing the solar-hydrogen power plant so that one candidate location was selected for each city. Different criteria including population, distance to main road, flood risk, wind speed, sunshine hours, air temperature, humidity, horizontal solar irradiation, dust, and land costare used for the analysis. From the analysis, it is found that among the candidates' cities, the site of Lalezar is ranked as the first priority for the solar-hydrogen system development. A measure of validity is obtained when results of the DEA method are compared with the results of the technique for ordering preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Applying TOPSIS model, it was found that city of Lalezar ranked first, and Rafsanjan gained last priority for installing the solar-hydrogen power plants. Cities of Baft, Sirjan, Kerman, Shahrbabak, Kahnouj, Shahdad, Bam, and Jiroft ranked second to ninth, respectively. The validity of the DEA model is compared with the results of TOPSIS and it is demonstrated that the two methods produced similar results. The solar-hydrogen power plant is considered for installation in the city of Lalezar. It is demonstrated that installation of the proposed solar-hydrogen system in Lalezar can lead to yearly yield of 129 ton-H2 which covers 4.3% of total annual energy demands of the city.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.254-257
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• 2012

Background: Elderly patients visiting pain clinic may be at greater risk of misunderstanding the explanation because of age-related cognitive decline. Video instruction may provide a consistent from of teaching in a visual and realistic manner. We evaluated the effect of educational video on the patient understanding and satisfaction in a group of geriatric patients visiting pain clinic. Methods: Ninety two patients aged more than 60 years old who were scheduled for transforaminal epidural block were recruited. After exposure to either video or paper instruction process, each patient was asked 5-item comprehension questions, overall satisfaction and preference question. During follow-up period, number of outpatient referral-line call for further explanation was counted. Results: We observed significantly better comprehension in the video education compared with paper instruction (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was also higher in the video group (P = 0.015), and patients visiting pain clinic were more preferred video instruction (P < 0.001). Proportion of referral-line call for further explanation were similar (P = 0.302). Conclusions: Video approach to instruction process before consent improves treatment comprehension in geriatric patient visiting pain clinic.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2010

상품 및 시장의 복잡성으로 인하여 소비자들은 마케팅 대상에 대하여 역설적인 태도를 가지는 현상이 증대하게 되었는데, 이런 역설적인 태도들은 소비자와 상품간의 관계에 중요한 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 심층 면접, 근거 이론 등을 활용하여 최근 그 중요성이 강조되고 있는 농식품을 중심으로 이런 역설적 현상들을 발견하고 소비자의 대응 행동 양식을 이해하고자 하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 사전의 기대나 소비 경험이 역설을 발생시키는 요인이 되며, 이로 인하여 가격, 유통, 상품, 촉진 및 소비와 관련한 역설적인 품질 경험이 발생하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 발생된 경험은 인구통계학적 특성의 차이나 기타 기호, 위험 지각 등 중재적 조건의 정도에 따라 차이는 있지만 소비자들에게 품질 역설과 관련된 상호작용이나 커뮤니케이션을 유발하게 되고, 결과적으로 소비자들이 이런 역설적 상황에 보다 효율적으로 대응할 수 있도록 구매 최소화, 잉여분 처분, 참여, 품질기대 조정, 품질기준 재정립, 품질정보원 활용 등 다양한 대응 전략들을 촉진하게 된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2012

Objectives: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers related to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens were assessed in a tertiary-care hospital in Middle East. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a self-administered questionnaire based on 3 paired (infectivity known vs. not known-suspected) case studies. Only 17 out of 230 respondents had an exposure in the 12 months prior to the survey and of these, only 2 had complied fully with the hospital's exposure reporting policy. Results: In the paired case studies, the theoretical responses of participating health professionals showed a greater preference for initiating self-directed treatment with antivirals or immunisation rather than complying with the hospital protocol, when the patient was known to be infected. The differences in practice when exposed to a patient with suspected blood pathogens compared to patient known to be infected was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in all 3 paired cases. Failure to test an infected patient's blood meant that an adequate risk assessment and appropriate secondary prevention could not be performed, and reflected the unwillingness to report the occupational exposure. Conclusion: Therefore, the study demonstrated that healthcare providers opted to treat themselves when exposed to patient with infectious disease, rather than comply with the hospital reporting and assessment protocol.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2013

Developing a menu for foodservice operations utilizing a Yaksun meets with the desire of customers who have keen interest in health food. In addition, it is possible to expect the additional advantage of decreasing hygiene risk, which can be caused by large quantity cooking, by the efficacy of medicinal herbs used in Yaksun. Accordingly, this study provides with basic information for the development of a Yaksun menu for foodservice operations utilizing Gwackhyang by evaluating the sensory quality and microbiological quality of bean soup added of Gwackhyang. The standard plate counting significantly decreased as the addition quantity of Gwackhyang increased (p<0.001). All bean soups, which were kept at room temperature and refrigerator for 3 hours after cooking, met the safety standard 5.00 CFU/g. The number of coliforms also significantly decreased as the addition quantity of Gwackhyang increased. The bean soups in control group exceeded the safety standard of 2.00 CFU/g after 1 hour at room temperature and in refrigerator. On the other hand, all Gwackhyang bean soups met safety standard, only excluding G1 with 1% Gwackhyang kept at room temperature. Accordingly, it has been confirmed that the addition of Gwackhyang during bean soup production decreases the microorganism level of bean soup. Both standard plate counting and the number of coliforms significantly increased after 3 days in refrigerator; however, the increasing extent of Gwackhyang bean soups were less than the control group bean soups. The control group received scored highest in 3 sensory characteristics out of 5 sensory characteristics. However, G1 with 1% Gwackhyang also scored highest in 2 sensory characteristics, which were taste and overall preference. G2 also scored 4.45 in color and 4.15 in fragrance, which were lower than the control group but were above average.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.249-273
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• 2004

Finding an optimal solution in MADN[(Multi-Attribute Decision-Making) problems is difficult, when the number of alternatives, or that of attributes is relatively large Most of the existing mathematical approaches arrive at a final solution on the basis of many unrealistic assumptions, without reflecting the decision-maker's preference structure exactly. In this paper we suggest a model that helps us find a group consensus without assessing these parameters in specific cardinal values. Therefore, This research provides a comprehensive Decision Making of the theory and methods applicable to the analysis of decisions that involve risk and multiple criteria attributes. after, The emphasis of the procedure will be on developments from the fields of decisions analysis and utility theory of Taguchi Method. This theoretical development will be illustrated through the discussion of several real-world application and a case study. When the multiple number of decision makers are involved in the decision making procedure, the problem of uncertainties invariably occurs, because of the different views between them. In this paper, New decision making model using Taguchi Method is applied to effectively model the multi-attribute-decision making(MADM) procedure in the uncertainties dominated two area(quantitative and qualitative factors), Quantitative factors evaluation is used Loss Function of Taguchi, qualitative factors evaluation is used 50 ratio by each specialist. thus it can be used for aiding of preferable alternative. as a result, We will be proved efficiency about New decision making model of applied Taguchi Method with Analytical presentation of all the expecting outcomes when a specific strategy or an alternative plan is selected under expecting future environment.

• 경영과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2013

This paper develops an investment algorithm based on Markowitz's Portfolio Selection Theory, using historical stock return data, and empirically evaluates the performance of the proposed algorithm in the U.S. and the Hong Kong stock markets. The proposed investment algorithm is empirically tested with the 30 constituents of Dow Jones Industrial Average in the U.S. stock market, and the 30 constituents of Hang Seng Index in the Hong Kong stock market. During the 6-year investment period, starting on the first trading day of 2006 and ending on the last trading day of 2011, growth rates of 12.63% and 23.25% were observed for Dow Jones Industrial Average and Hang Seng Index, respectively, while the proposed investment algorithm achieved substantially higher cumulative returns of 35.7% in the U.S. stock market, and 150.62% in the Hong Kong stock market. When compared in terms of Sharpe ratio, Dow Jones Industrial Average and Hang Seng Index achieved 0.075 and 0.155 each, while the proposed investment algorithm showed superior performance, achieving 0.363 and 1.074 in the U.S. and Hong Kong stock markets, respectively. Further, performance in the U.S. stock market is shown to be less sensitive to an investor's risk preference, while aggressive performance goals are shown to achieve relatively higher performance in the Hong Kong stock market. In conclusion, this paper empirically demonstrates that an investment based on a mathematical model using objective historical stock return data for constructing optimal portfolios achieves outstanding performance, in terms of both cumulative returns and Sharpe ratios.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.917-931
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand impulse buying typology for apparel products in the internet shopping. Also, analysis of influences is conducted to ascertain if a influence exists between factors which are consumer's interior factor & exterior condition, marketing stimulus of internet shopping, and consumer's general behavior in internet shopping and impulse buying typology, after offer fundamental information for internet marketing. As a result of analyzing the relationship between consumers' interior factors and impulse buying, the author found out that consumers' pure impulse buying was much influenced by the timing to buy new clothing, willingness to risk trying new designs and preference for up-to-date designs, and enjoyment derived from the buying itself. As a result of analyzing the relationship between consumers' exterior conditions and impulse buying, the author learned that impulse buying was also influenced by shopping time length, shoppers' mood and sentiments, and budgeting. As a result of analyzing the relationship between marketing stimulus and impulse buying, the author found out that impulse buying was the most influenced by facilitative marketing stimuli. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the relationship between shopping behaviors & socio-demographical variables and impulse buying propensities in Internet shopping malls, the author learned that pure impulse buying, reminder & suggestion impulse buying, and planned impulse buying are influenced by the period and frequency of using Internet shopping malls for clothes, purchase amount, and the time length of the shopping.