• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.609-615
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• 2021

Chemical accidents can happen anywhere in the world. To prevent chemical accidents, Korea introduced the Chemicals Control Act. However, Small and medium-sized businesses do not meet these regulations. Accordingly, the Ministry of Environment is providing a chemical safety management support project for Small and medium-sized businesses. However, there are many small and medium-sized businesses, and businesses that need support need priority. In this study, the risk of the plants was classified into hig h, medium, and low risk based on four methods. As a result, out of 90 plants subject to the study, high risk was 30% and medium risk was 70%. The industries with the high risk were chemical products manufacturing and paint manufacturing. The plating and printing industries showed relatively medium risk. This risk classification has the advantage that it can obtain intuitive and quick results. These studies can be used as basic data for chemical safety management of local governments and Ministry of Environment.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.772-783
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• 2023

Objective: Imaging-based survival stratification of patients with gliomas is important for their management, and the 2021 WHO classification system must be clinically tested. The aim of this study was to compare integrative imaging- and pathology-based methods for survival stratification of patients with diffuse glioma. Materials and Methods: This study included diffuse glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (training set: 141 patients) and Asan Medical Center (validation set: 131 patients). Two neuroradiologists analyzed presurgical CT and MRI to assign gliomas to five imaging-based risk subgroups (1 to 5) according to well-known imaging phenotypes (e.g., T2/FLAIR mismatch) and recategorized them into three imaging-based risk groups, according to the 2021 WHO classification: group 1 (corresponding to risk subgroup 1, indicating oligodendroglioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH]-mutant, and 1p19q-codeleted), group 2 (risk subgroups 2 and 3, indicating astrocytoma, IDH-mutant), and group 3 (risk subgroups 4 and 5, indicating glioblastoma, IDHwt). The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated for each imaging risk group, subgroup, and pathological diagnosis. Time-dependent area-under-the receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUC) was used to compare the performance between imaging-based and pathology-based survival model. Results: Both OS and PFS were stratified according to the five imaging-based risk subgroups (P < 0.001) and three imaging-based risk groups (P < 0.001). The three imaging-based groups showed high performance in predicting PFS at one-year (AUC, 0.787) and five-years (AUC, 0.823), which was similar to that of the pathology-based prediction of PFS (AUC of 0.785 and 0.837). Combined with clinical predictors, the performance of the imaging-based survival model for 1- and 3-year PFS (AUC 0.813 and 0.921) was similar to that of the pathology-based survival model (AUC 0.839 and 0.889). Conclusion: Imaging-based survival stratification according to the 2021 WHO classification demonstrated a performance similar to that of pathology-based survival stratification, especially in predicting PFS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.119-131
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• 2019

Among the themes for CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility), consumer issues include protecting the health and safety of consumers who purchase and use the products. In particular, ensuring product safety is a major theme of consumer issues for corporate social responsibility. Currently, the government implements the Electrical Appliances and Consumer Products Safety Control Act for product safety management and selects products that may harmful to consumers as safety control items, and manages the products by designating them as 4 types of safety certification, safety confirmation, supplier conformity verification, and safety standard compliance. In this paper, we propose management plans for the establishment of a more reasonable classification type of safety management target for 48 items of consumer products to be controlled by the act, and confirm the validity of the plan. First, we perform cluster analysis using data for CISS (Consumer Injury Surveillance System) to derive a new classification type of the safety management target. Next, we compare the results of the cluster analysis with the classification type of the act and the existing scenario classification method RAS (Risk Assessment by Scenario) and the causal network method RAMP (Risk Assessment Method based on Probability). Based on these results, we propose two new plans of safety management target classification and verify its validity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to estimate the benefit from repeated examinations in the diagnosis of enterobiasis in nursery school groups, and to test the effectiveness of individual-based risk predictions using different methods. A total of 604 children were examined using double, and 96 using triple, anal swab examinations. The questionnaires for parents, structured observations, and interviews with supervisors were used to identify factors of possible infection risk. In order to model the risk of enterobiasis at individual level, a similarity-based machine learning and prediction software Constud was compared with data mining methods in the Statistica 8 Data Miner software package. Prevalence according to a single examination was 22.5%; the increase as a result of double examinations was 8.2%. Single swabs resulted in an estimated prevalence of 20.1% among children examined 3 times; double swabs increased this by 10.1%, and triple swabs by 7.3%. Random forest classification, boosting classification trees, and Constud correctly predicted about 2/3 of the results of the second examination. Constud estimated a mean prevalence of 31.5% in groups. Constud was able to yield the highest overall fit of individual-based predictions while boosting classification tree and random forest models were more effective in recognizing Enterobius positive persons. As a rule, the actual prevalence of enterobiasis is higher than indicated by a single examination. We suggest using either the values of the mean increase in prevalence after double examinations compared to single examinations or group estimations deduced from individual-level modelled risk predictions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.959-981
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• 2017

Existing Android malware detection approaches mostly have concentrated on superficial features such as requested or used permissions, which can't reflect the essential differences between benign apps and malware. In this paper, we propose a quantitative calculation model of application risks based on the key observation that the essential differences between benign apps and malware actually lie in the way how permissions are used, or rather the way how their corresponding permission methods are used. Specifically, we employ a fine-grained analysis on Android application risks. We firstly classify application risks into five specific categories and then introduce comprehensive risk, which is computed based on the former five, to describe the overall risk of an application. Given that users' risk preference and risk-bearing ability are naturally fuzzy, we design and implement a fuzzy logic system to calculate the comprehensive risk. On the basis of the quantitative calculation model, we propose a risk classification based approach for Android malware detection. The experiments show that our approach can achieve high accuracy with a low false positive rate using the RandomForest algorithm.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2005

In this paper, we dealt with substantial asset analysis methodology applied to two-dimensional asset classification and qualitative evaluation method according to the business process. Most of the existent risk analysis methodology and tools presented classification by asset type and physical evaluation by a quantitative method. We focused our research on qualitative evaluation with 2-dimensional asset classification. It converts from quantitative asset value with purchase cost, recovery and exchange cost, etc. to qualitative evaluation considering specific factors related to the business process. In the first phase, we classified the IT assets into tangible and intangible assets, including human and information data asset, and evaluated their value. Then, we converted the quantitative asset value to the qualitative asset value using a conversion standard table. In the second phase, we reclassified the assets using 2-dimensional classification factors reflecting the business process, and applied weight to the first evaluation results. This method is to consider the organization characteristics, IT asset structure scheme and business process. Therefore, we can evaluate the concrete and substantial asset value corresponding to the organization business process, even if they are the same asset type.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2020

Background: Nursing service is a nonroutine work with an excessive physical load and diverse tasks. This study derived representative common tasks based on the frequently occurring tasks with a high physical load in the nursing workers' daily work and developed indicators to evaluate the work risk by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work. Methods: Common tasks were classified through the following stages: literature review, first focus group interview (FGI) with experts, first classification of common tasks, second FGI with hospital health managers, a survey of nursing service workers, and the final classification of common tasks for each task type. To develop an objective risk index for physical load assessment, we investigated the frequency and duration of the derived common tasks via survey. Results: Nursing common tasks were categorized into six task types and 56 subtasks. To evaluate the risks of various tasks in nonroutine works, three frequencies and three working time levels were defined by examining the task frequency and working hours. Exposure time was defined to reflect the characteristics of a nonroutine job. The final risk assessment was the product of the exposure time level and job intensity level. From this, four risk action levels were derived. Conclusion: This study has the advantage of solving the problem of focusing on some tasks in evaluating the physical load. It was meaningful in that a new risk assessment index based on exposure time was proposed based on the development of an evaluation scale for frequency and time by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.76-88
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• 2018

Space agencies such as NASA, ESA, and the US military provide guidelines and standards for PA(product assurance) requirements and plans. In recent years, major satellite manufacturers around the world have been mitigating PA requirements and processes by tailoring. PA tailoring has been implemented to improve the cost and schedule efficiency. PA tailoring can be accomplished based on various factors such as mission, classification of mission risk, complexity, development cost, life cycle, etc. In this study, PA tasks according to the mission risk classification proposed by NASA are investigated, and the tailoring method is suggested for the optimization of the development cost and schedule. In particular, the classification of mission risk for the satellites under development or operation in Korea is performed, and PA characteristics in accordance with mission risk are analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2016

The goals of this study were to investigate some significant factors to judge level of safety at urban railway construction field and to analyze degree of risk by work classification. Currently, there are lots of construction fields for the urban railway for national transportation, and our government also planned constructing more urban railway in near future. However, most of the researches on safety neglected the degree of risk factors on the urban railway construction field. Safety managers participated in the brainstorming session for deriving decision criteria of the degree of risk (i.e., significant factors). Then, they were asked to answer a structured questionnaire which was developed for deriving most important factors. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to analyze level of risk by work classification. The following results were obtained. First, total twelve factors judging degree of risk were found in the brainstorming session. Second, the questionnaire showed four significant factors, including adjacency of obstacle, intensity of work, unsafe condition and work space. Third, the results of AHP showed civil work is the most dangerous work among 6 work types. The results could be used to give the safety management priority on accident prevention efforts among several hazards and to reduce degree of risk in construction field of the urban railway.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that influence surgical site infections after surgery. Methods: This study was a retrospective research utilizing Electronic Medical Records. Data collection targeted 4,510 adult patients who had 8 different kinds of surgery (gastric surgery, colon surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hip & knee replacement, hysterectomy, cesarean section, cardiac surgery) in 4 medical care departments, at one general hospital between January 2006 and December 2011. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors affecting surgical site infections after surgery. Results: Risk factors for increased surgical site infection following surgery were confirmed to be age (OR=1.59, p<.001), BMI (Body Mass Index)(OR=1.25, p=.034), year of operation (OR=2.45, p<.001), length of operation (OR=3.06, p<.001), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) score (OR=1.36, p=.025), classification of antibiotic used (OR=2.77, p<.001), duration of the prophylactic antibiotics use (OR=1.85, p<.001), and interaction between classification of antibiotic used and duration of the prophylactic antibiotics use (OR=1.90, p=.016). Conclusions: Results suggest that risk factors affecting surgical site infections should be monitored before surgery. The results of this study should contribute to establishing effective infection management measures and implementing surveillance systems for patients who have actual risk factors.