• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 1982

In 1980, rice was considerably damaged by abnormal low temperature. In this paper, to determine the effect of low temperature on the growth and nutrition of rice, the experiment were carried out: varietal response to low temperature in the region with different elevations. Regional differences of heading response to low temperature were observed among varieties. The difference of days between regions were bigger in tongil lines than Japonica lines. Especially, Milyang 42 and Hangangchalbeo might belong the cold suceptible group, since the varieties were severely delayed their heading in the high mountainous region as comparred to plain region. The delay of heading with low temperature was brought out grain sterility, and fertility and ripening ratio is influenced cold tolerance and elevations, and it's decreased yield. Varieties with higher grain sterility by low temperature have higher total nitrogen content, but tended to have lower potassium and phosphate contents in the flag leaf. High content of total nitrogen, low contents of potassium and silicate were observed in the sterilized grain chaff an the opposite result were noted in the ferilized grain chaff at the ripening stage. The results reveal that the balance of these mineral element may play an important role in ripening and possibly cold tolerance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 1981

Strong wind of 6.5m/s from electric fan was applied to rice at heading stage to find out the nature of wind damage to panicle. Damaged panicles caused by typhoon were sampled out of field to measure the yield and milling components. Wind-treated glumes were developed into two forms, fertile and sterile, and each of them showed all degree of glume discoloration. The number of fertile grains were higher than sterile grains in a damaged panicle. Averagesdegree of glume discoloration was higher in not flowered glume than in flowered glume. The more recently flowered glumes resulted the higher degree of discoloration among flowered glume. The percent of sterile grain to total number of grains was the highest at stage of just flowering. The glume discoloration representing wind damage at heading state advanced in degree in ten days after treatment compared to that just after treatment. Grain length and grain width were decreased with the increased degree of glume discoloration, while grain thickness was not changed greatly. Chalkiness was a little higher in damaged grain than in normal grain without definite trends by degree of discoloration. Ripening ratio, 1000 grain weight and yield decreased with increased degree of glume discoloration in damaged panicle by typhoon. Decreasing order in yield was white rice, rough rice and brown rice. Ratio of brown rice to rough rice increased, white rice to brown rice decreased, and milling recovery was not changed greatly with increased degree of 히ume discoloration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.335-338
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• 1986

A simple spectrophotometric technique using sequential extraction of pigments was attempted to perform color evaluation of raw 'Taimuri' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits. The difference between summed absorbance of 80% acetone and chloroform extract at 480 nm and 660 nm reflected the maturity of rawtomato fruits. The measurement system presented was regarded as a simple and reliable method for objective color evaluation of tomato fruits. It seems possible to predict the degree of puffiness by weight per volume w/v ratio of tomato fruits during various stages of maturity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.41-57
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• 1968

Changes of acids (total, titratable and combined form) and sugars (total, reducing and non-reducing) in the edible part and the rind of 17 varieties the in growing and ripening period were investigated. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The percentage of rind was notably decreased in growing period and slightly in the ripening period- It may suggest that the rates of translocation of metabolite from leaves to each part of fruit are different with growth phase. 2) The heavier the weight of fruit, the higher the percentage of rind was and the varieties having over 200 g per fruit showed the value over 30 in the rind percentage and over 15 in the number seeds per fruit. 3) Total acid contents in the rind were highest at the maximum grow th of fruit except in Citrus grandis having tie lowest value (below 20 me/100 g F.W). of total acid at maximum point in which total acid content is steadily increase. 4) Total acid and titratable acid in the edible part and total acid and combined acid in whole fruit life showed 0.933 and 0.970 of correlation coefficient significant at 1% level respectively, and most acid in the edible part was titratable acid(73%) whereas acid in the rind consists mostly of combined acid. 5) The content of combined acid in the ripening period increased in the edible part and decreased in the rind. It may be contributed to translocation of some cations from the rind to the edible part. 6) The grouping criteria on citrus fruit were applicable on melon, watermelon and tomatoes. 7) The contents of total sugar and non-reducing sugar in the edible part were continuously increased whereas the content of reducing sugar were decreased in certain varieties, notablly in citrus natsudaidai. The correlation coefficient between total sugar and reducing sugar in the edible part with ripening decreased as $0.849^{**},\;0.732^{**}.\;0.583^*$. ( $^{**}$: significant at 1% level and $^{*}:$: at 5%) 8) 61% of total sugar in the edible part was non-reducing sugar whereas 88% of total sugar in the rind was reducing form at the end of ripening and the correlation coefficient between total and non-reducing sugar in the edible part was 0.861 end total and reducing sugar in the rind was 0.972, both significant at 1% level. 9) Varieties having the percentage of the rind below 36 showed higher value than I in the ratio of total sugar in the edible part to one in the rind. It may suggest that there exists any intimate relation between relative sugar content and growth rate of fruit parts. 10) Citrus unshiu in Guje island showed lower values in the content of acid and sugar, and the rind percentage but higher sweetness index (the ratio of total sugar to titratable acid) comparing with the same variety in Jeiu.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2009

Objectives of this study was to find the effect on two different nitrogen levels about agricultural characteristics of CNU rice lines developed at Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Chungnam Nat'l Univ.. Materials used were two black and one white glutinous rice lines, which were transplanted by hand with $30{\times}15cm$ at CNU paddy field on May 23, 2009. These lines was designed with two replication by two nitrogen levels as 7kg and 9kg per 10a. As the result; Culm length of all lines used were higher at 7kg than 9kg per 10a while panicle length was longer at 9kg nitrogen level. Tillers per plant of CNU 08-01 and CNU 08-02 lines except CNU 08-101 showed highly at 9kg level, but that of other leading varieties were not constant trends in spite of increasing nitrogen. Ripening ratio of CNU 08-01 and 08-02 lines were higher at 7kg but CNU 08-101 line was higher at 9kg. 1,000 grain weight and unhulled rice yield per 20 plants in all CNU lines were highly appeared at 9kg levels per 10a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 1990

These experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high temperature and water managements on growth and yield of rice. Shoot dry weight and percent of fresh roots were decreased when rice plant was exposed to high temperature, and also high temperature treatment decreased yield components of rice through spikelet number at meiotic, filled grain ratio and percent of fertility at heading, and 1,000 grain weight at ripening stage. Nitragen content of the rice varities was decreased by high temperature treatment regardless different growth stage, although Si content increased. Grain yield of rice varieties significantly decreased due to high temperature when rice plants were treated at heading stage followed by ripening stage. meiotic, young panicle initiation, maximum tillering and tillering stage in order. Effect of the continual submerging on temperature increased by 1.1$^{\circ}C$ at daytime and by 3.7$^{\circ}C$ at nighttime, but flowing water irrigation which can maintain optimum temperature reduced plant height and increased dry weight and percent of fresh roots. Flowing water irrigation showed higher yield by 4-8% compared to continual submerging method through increment of yield components such as spikelet number, filled grain ratio and 1,000-grain weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.440-444
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• 2006

This study was carried out to compare the grain quality under lodging time and grade at ripening. Ripened grain ratio and 1000-grain weight were higher with lodging of plants at $45^{\circ}$ angle from the ground and increased with crop development. The number of spikelets, as well as the protein and amylose content of the grains, were higher in plants under severe or complete lodging than those under lodging at $45^{\circ}$ angle from the ground. Palatability and sensory evaluation values were higher in plants under lodging at $45^{\circ}C$ angle from the ground than those under complete lodging. Brown rice: rough rice ratio was higher with lodging of plants at $45^{\circ}C$ angle from the ground and increased with crop growth. Milling recovery and milled rice recovery were higher with lodging of plants at $45^{\circ}C$ angle from the ground, whereas chalky grain, cracked grain and damage grains were higher at complete lodging.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.642-649
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of fruit bearing type with leafy (LY) and leafless (LS) fruits on fruit growth, sugar, and acid characteristics in satsuma mandarin. Fruit growth including fruit length, diameter, shape index (diameter/length), weight, and size distribution was not different between LY and LS fruits at ripening time. Total soluble solids (TSS) concentration of the fruit juice increased and acidity decreased continuously and then TSS:acidity ratio increased with fruit development from 100 days after anthesis to ripening time. Soluble sugar was continuously increased, whereas organic acid decreased. Theses tendencies were related to the increase of sucrose and decline of citric acid, respectively. However, there was no effect of fruit bearing type on TSS, acidity, and TSS:acidity ratio, and soluble sugar and organic acid composition in fruit juice. Also, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index with SPAD value were not different between leaves adjacent to LY and LS fruits. The results indicated that fruit growth and sugar and acid characteristics were not affected by fruit bearing type with leafy and leafless fruits in satsuma mandarin.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.371-376
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• 1982

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sludges from leather and paper processing as sources of fertilizers on the rice. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. When 1,000kg of composts, 500kg of leather sludges and 500kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$, were applied per 10a, there were 7 to 10% of yield increase overthe non-treatment (check). When 1,000kg of paper sludge and 1,000kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$ were applied per 10a, there were 22 to 23% of yield increase over the check plot. 2. It was apparent that one of the reasons for increased yield. components such as number of spike and ripening ratio was due to the promotion of sludge decomposition by the $CaCO_3$. 3. The reason for the high ripening ratio and increased number of spike when paper sludge was applied might be due to the effects of high amount of nitrogen and phosphorous contained in paper sludge. 4. Effects of leather or paper sludges on the rice as organic fertilizer were highly appreciable, but further studies will be necessary for the effects of heavy minerals contained in the paper or leather sludges.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2012

This study was carried out to improve the fruit color through ABA treatment and to determine the optimum harvest time for producing high quality fruits in 'Hongisul' grapes. Spraying of $1000 mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ exogenous ABA at early verasion (70 days after full bloom, DAFB) brought increase of endogenous ABA and soluble solid contents and enhanced fruit coloration. So, it was possible to harvest ABA treated fruits from 85 days after full bloom (15 days after treatment) by accelerated anthocyanin content which increased continuously until 110 DAFB. An increase of soluble solid and decrease of total acidity appeared steadily with the onset of berry ripening. After 100 DAFB, soluble solid content and total acidity did not change significantly, but the berry firmness was suddenly decreased. Consequently, it was suggested that ABA treated fruits need to be harvested at about 100 DAFB because of their short period of marketing by over ripening. On the contrary, harvesting of untreated fruit was totally impossible at 85 DAFB because of their poor berry coloration. But it was possible to harvest them at 100 DAFB based on the soluble solid/acidity ratio, whereas the berry coloration was progressed poorly. On the other hand, the fruits harvested at 110 DAFB showed acceptable berry coloration but their berry firmness was dropped significantly coincide with overripening. Therefore, it was needed to develop an altered production system for improving coloration at around 100 DAFB in 'Hongisul' grapes.