• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.80-91
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• 2005

This research aims to classify wetland types and evaluate functions of a dam lake. The case study area is Boryung lake in Boryung City. In this study was carried out based upon field surveys, drawing maps and publication, and modified-RAM which can evaluate the general functions and conservation values of wetlands. Eight functions of 2-12 variables each are analyzed for assessing the wetland functions. The analysis shows that several types of wetlands were identified, such as Palustrine/ Perennial/ Hydrophytes, Palustrine/ Perennial/ Openwater, Palustrine/ Seasonal/ Herbal, Palustrine/ Seasonal/ Shrub and Scrub, Palustrine/ Seasonal/ Hydrophye, and Riparian/ Seasonal/ Shrub in the Boryung lake. The average level of functions of the wetlands is very "HIGH", and it is recommended that prompt conservation measures should be taken.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution degree in the Mid-Nakdong River watershed regarding to landcover types using GIS method. As a result of landcover classification, rate of urban appeared highly on Daegu Metropolitan city. Also, rate of agriculture showed highly in the riparian zones of the Nakdong and Guemho River and rate of forest appeared highly in the borders of the study area. To identify the groups of watershed with similar landcover patterns using the Cluster Analysis. According to the cluster analysis, the fifty sub-watersheds were grouped in three clusters, 'Urban watershed', 'Agriculture watershed', 'Forest watershed'. The proportion of urban area in each cluster had a positive correlation with water pollution degree. Otherwise, the proportion of agriculture in the Agriculture watershed had a high positive correlation with water pollution degree. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate environmental capacity of water duality considering ecological and environmental characteristics of watershed ecosystem and expand water duality monitoring systems to small stream.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.2 s.103
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• pp.200-207
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• 2003

This research was conducted to investigate the influences caused by solifluction soil on the physicochemistry of stream water quality in the riparian area: four points of the northeastern side slopes part of the Bughansan National Park from March to May of 2002. The average pH of stream water was relatively high with the influenced of solifluction soil. The average electrical conductivity of upstream water was 2.1${\sim}$2.8 times lower than that in downstream water. pH and amount of anion ($Cl^-,\;N0_3\;^-, So_4\;^{2-}$) of stream water was correlated under the effect of solifluction soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

The characteristic of the quality of stream water and the riparian vegetation during rice cultivation in the rural area of the eastern Jeonnam province was surveyed from April to November, 2000. The water quality of the streams during rice cultivation was variable. The pH of these water bodies ranged from $6.5{\sim}8.3$. Electro conductivity (EC) at each water body ranged from $162{\sim}4,910\;{\mu}S/cm$ for Beogyo-cheoa $114.7{\sim}286.6\;{\mu}g/cm$ for Boseong-cheon, $74.8{\sim}147\;{\mu}S/cm$ for Songgwang-cheon, and $61.6{\sim}82.1\;{\mu}S/cm$ for Isa-cheon. Total nitrogen and other parameters (K, Ca, Mg, Na, $Cl^-$, SS) were higher at May (Boseong-cheon) through June (Songgwang-cheon, Isa-cheon) during the transplanting season than these same parameters at August October and November. Thirty weed species of sixteen families were found in the survey areas of Songgwang-cheon, Boseong-cheon Isa-cheon and Beolgyo-cheon. Nine annual weeds, four biennial weeds, and seventeen perennial weeds were found, several different life forms were identified. Of those species three were submerged, two were free floating, five were emerged, and twenty were water-side weeds.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2013

Forest vegetation of Hyangjeokbong (1,614 m) in Deogyusan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation and flatland forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, valley forest, coniferous forest, subalpine coniferous forest, shrub forest, grassland forest, afforestation and etc., while riparian forest was found under the category of flatland forest vegetation. Including 122 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 2 communities of riparian forest, the total of 124 communities were researched; the distributed colonies classified by physiognomy classification are 42 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 37 communities of valley forest, 8 communities of coniferous forests, 6 communities of subalpine coniferous forest, 3 communities of shrub forest, 1 communities of grassland forest, 21 afforestation and 4 other communities. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis communities account for 47.02 percent of deciduous broad-leaved forest, Fraxinus mandshurica community takes up 57.48 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 77.53 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds, and Taxus cuspidate-Abies koreana community takes up about 50 percent of subalpine coniferous forest. Mountain shrub forest and mountain grassland forest vegetation are concentrated mainly on the top of Hyangjeokbong and the ridge connecting the top and Jungbong. Meanwhile, riparian forest vegetation comprises 0.024% of the whole vegetation area in a study area. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus mongolica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Cornus controversa, Pinus densiflora, Abies koreana and Taxus cuspidata are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation region in Deogyusan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora and Fraxinus mandshurica which are climax species in the area. However, in respect of subalpine coniferous forest, the distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved forest seems to increase gradually due to global warming and artificial disturbance.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.5 s.154
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• pp.379-390
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• 2005

This study is to trace the change of stream shape using the past series of aortal photographs and topographic maps, and to compare the land use changes of inland along the stream. For the Gyeongan first & second class of local stream, aerial photographs of 1966, 1981 and 2000 were selected and ortho photographs were made with interior orientation and exterior orientation, respectively. In addition, topographic maps of 1914 - 1915 were used to compare with stream of 1966, 1981 and 2000. As apparent changes of the stream, the consolidated reaches of stream with levee construction were straightened and their stream width widened. Especially the stream width of inlet part of Paldang lake was widened almost twice because of the rise of water level by dam construction in 1974. The land use maps (1966, 1981, 2000) of riparian areas were also made, respectively and classified into 6 categories (water, forest, agricultural land, urban area, road, sandbar) by digitizing, The main changes of land use were agricultural land, urban area, road and sandbar.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

We've reviewed existing studies on the interactions among vegetation, hydrology, and geomorphology in the stream corridors, adding one more factor of vegetation in the traditional area of hydro-geomorphology. Understanding of the interactions among those three factors is important not only academically but also practically since it is related intimately to the restoration of river corridor as well as management itself. Studies of this area started from field investigations in the latter part of the 20th century and focused on the flume experiments and then computer modelling in the 1990s and 2000s. Now, it has turned again to the field investigations of specific phenomena of the vegetative-hydrologic-geomorphologic interactions in detailed micro scales. Relevant studies in Korea, however, seem to be uncommon and far behind the international status quo in spite that practically important issues related directly to this topic have been emerged. In this study, we propose, based on the extensive literature review and authors' own knowledge and experiences, a conceptual diagram expressing the interactions among vegetation, flow (water), sediment, and geomorphology. Existing relevant studies in Korea since the 1990s are classified according to the categorization in the proposed diagrams and then briefly reviewed. Finally, considering the practical issues of riparian vegetation that have emerged recently in Korea, we propose areas of investigation needed in near future such as, among others, long-term and systematic field investigations and monitoring at multiple river corridors having different attributes on vegetative-hydrologic-geomorphologic interactions, including vegetative dynamics for succession.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

This study illustrated the process of bar structure and vegetation coverage to understand historical changes of riverbed and suppose adaptive management in Tan-chun ecological landscape reserve. The study site that lower reach of the Tan-chun are known as habitats of migratory bird and aquatic species with dynamic riverbed. Aerial photos from 2006 to 2016 and surveyed vegetation data in 2006 and 2016 were used by analysis of landscape changes and comparison of vegetation coverage. Study area is classified into 3 sites (A: straight site, B: meandering site, C: meandering and junction with Yangjae-cheon). The result showed that bar area of A and C sites gradually increased, B site decreased during 10 years. Also, ratio of bar area to vegetation coverage and level of vegetation coverage increased in all sites during 10 years. All sites seem to have experienced the terrestrialization with time. On the other hand, ratio of annual vegetation increased and ratio of perennial vegetation decreased in C site in 2016 compare to 2006. Because area of Japanese Hops (Humulus japonicas) as one type of annual vegetation increased, other vegetation could not grow up by its powerful expandability. It is time to make active adaptive management based on not only continuos monitoring but also revaluation of river conditions in order to enhance habitat quality and quantity in Tan-chun ecological landscape reserve.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2013

This study was carried out to propose the new procedure to apply Habitat Evaluation Procedure(HEP) of target species using delphi technique, which is suitable to develop endangered species with few researches and ecological knowledges. To identify habitat quality of specific species in development project site, we can develop habitat model and create habitat suitability maps. In this study, we select the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus) as target species in four areas(Paju, Siheung, Ansan, Hwaseong) which is located near the Seoul metropolitan area. The Delphi technique was selected to get the reliable information on the species and habitats requirements. Through the delphi approach, seven habitat components were determined as suitable variables for the Common Kestrel: density($n/km^2$) of small mammals, area($km^2$) of bare-grounds, pasturelands and riparian, and open area(%), spatial distribution and area of croplands, landscape diversity, breeding sites(tall trees, cliffs, high-rise buildings), and the length of shelf. Habitat variables used in this model were classified into two categories: % of suitable land-cover type(open areas, croplands, pasturelands, wetlands, and baregrounds) and the quality of feeding sites(within 250m from edges of woodlands). Habitat quality of the Common Kestrel was assessed against occurred sites derived from the nationwide survey. Predicted habitat suitability map were closely related to the observed sites of the endangered avian species in the study areas. With the habitat suitability map of the Common Kestrel, we assess the environmental impacts with habitat loss after development project in environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2000

Taegu is notorious as hot and dry summer among Korea cities. One of the most important goals of the open space planning is to ameliorate urban climate of the city. The objective of this research is to evaluate the thermal mitigation effect of the cool islands in Taegu metropolitan city. Cool islands of this paper includes parks and rivers surrounded by or adjacent to urbanized areas. Based on the analysis of the thermal band of Landsat TM at May 17, 1997, the thermal mitigation effect of open spaces in the city could be summarized as follows ; Kumho river showed the largest mitigation effect in terms of the width of mitigation zone and temperature difference. Evaporation from wide water surface and evapo-transpiration from riparian grass land could bring into results. Significant mitigation effect of parks covered with forest can be observed. The temperature range of such parks were between 19.05$^{\circ}C$ and 19.44$^{\circ}C$ However, the thermal mitigation effect of Dalsung park and Apsan park was insignificant. The small size and high percentage of hard paving of the former and the relative low density of the residential areas adjacent to the latter could be the main reason. In conclusion, the thermal mitigation effect in urban ope spaces could be detectedby the employment of thermal band data of Landsat TM and GIS buffering technique.