• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

This study was performed to analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the carcass and environments of chicken processing plant located in Gyeonggi province from October to November in 2010. Chicken slaughterhouse was visited 3 times and totally 40 samples were collected from chicken carcass before and after washing (n=14), chicken cuts (n=7), cooling water (n=8), brine (n=2), cutting knives (n=7) and working plate (n=2). Whole-chicken rinsing technique (for chicken carcasses) and swab technique (for working plate and knives) were used to analyze the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, brine and chilling water from storage tanks were gathered using sterilized tubes and used as samples. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) for whole cell fingerprinting in combination with a dedicated bioinformatic software tool was used to identify the isolated microorganisms. The pathogenic microorganisms, such as Bacillus cereus (n=8) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=9), were isolated form the chicken processing process (chicken carcasses of before and after chilling, chicken cuts, and working plate). The antimicrobial susceptibility of those isolated microorganisms was analyzed using 21 antimicrobial agents. In the case of B. cereus, it showed 100% of resistance to subclasses of penicillins and peptides, and it also resistant to cephalothin, a member of critically important antimicrobials (CIA), however there was no resistance (100% susceptible) to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. S. aureus showed 100% resistance to subclasses of peptides and some of penicillins (penicillin and oxacillin), however, it showed 100% susceptibility to cephalosporins (cefazolin and cephalothin). All of the tested pathogens showed multi drug resistance (MDR) more than 4 subclasses and one of B. cereus and S. aureus showed resistance to 9 subclasses. After the ban on using the antimicrobials in animal feed in July 2011, there would be some change in microbial distribution and antimicrobial resistance, and it still has a need to be analyzed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.960-968
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 에틸렌 옥사이드가 부가된 3 종류의 아민 옥사이드 양쪽성 계면활성제에 대하여 임계 마이셀 농도, 표면장력, 계면장력, 접촉각, 점도, 기포 안정성 등을 측정하였다. 또한 계면활성제 수용액에 대한 제타전위 측정과 QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) 실험을 통하여 양쪽성 계면활성제가 양이온 계면활성제에서 비이온 계면활성제로 작용이 전환되는 등전점을 결정하였다. 제타전위 측정을 통하여 결정한 양쪽성 계면활성제의 등전점은 QCM 실험을 통하여 결정한 등전점 결과가 거의 일치하였으며, 표면 마찰 시험기를 사용하여 측정한 유연력 측정 결과와도 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 사용한 3종류 계면활성제 모두, pH가 중성인 조건에서 섬유 유연 효과가 큰 것을 확인하였는데, 이러한 결과는 등전점 보다 낮은 산성 혹은 중성 조건에서 양이온 계면활성제로 작용함으로써 세탁 후 린스 과정에서 유연제로서 효과적으로 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.578-588
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• 2008

소아치과학이 목표로 하는 어린이와 청소년의 구강건강을 달성하기 위하여는 민간 치과의료기관에서 내원 환자를 대상으로 하는 진료만으로는 한계가 있으며 공공서비스(公共service)의 역할이 필요하다. 학교구강보건실이 설치된 초등학교는 전체의 7.2%이었고, 초등학교 중에서 불소용액양치사업을 수행한 비율은 57.5%, 급식 후 집단잇솔질을 한 비율은 46.9%이 었으며, 초등학생 중에서 구강보건교육을 받은 비율은 48.0%, 치아홈메우기를 받은 비율은 12.4%이었다(2006년). $0{\sim}6$세 영유아의 약 42%가 지난 1년간 구강검진, 불소도포, 치면세마, 치아홈메우기 중 하나 이상의 예방적 치과진료를 받았으며, 받은 장소는 교육시설이 약 18%, 보건소가 약 1%이었다(2005년). 불소농도가 조정된 수돗물을 마시는 인구 비율은 전국 평균이 5.7%이었다(2006년). 학교구강보건사업의 발전을 위해서 행정의 일원화, 보건교사에 대한 교육, 구강보건교사제도의 도입, 순회 학교치과의사와 학교치과병원을 통한 포괄적 진료서비스의 제공 등을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 아동.청소년 주치의제의 도입으로 민간기관을 통해 공공서비스를 강화하는 방안이 검토되고 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to suggest the necessity of education about toothpaste usage to infants, preschoolers, and their parents. Also, another purpose is to provide basic data that is necessary for oral health education about accurate cognition and usage of toothpaste. Methods: From October to December 2015, we conducted a survey on parents of 0~4 years old infants and preschoolers about toothpaste usage based on the data of a questionnaire with a total of 505 subjects. The survey questions were composed of general characteristics of infants, preschoolers and their parents, and toothpaste usage. Results: Usage frequency of toothpaste for infants and preschoolers increased with age (p<0.001), and infants and preschoolers in homes with monthly income under 4 million won showed high frequency of toothpaste usage (p<0.001). Toothpaste mouth rinsing of infants and preschoolers increased with age (p<0.001), while on the other hand, toothpaste swallowing decreased (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was shown that the factors that effect toothpaste usage in infants and preschoolers were age and average monthly income of the family. This suggests the necessity of oral health education to parents about usage of toothpaste in infants and preschoolers.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was carried out for the purpose of obtaining basic data necessary for developing the future oral health promotion program of the elderly by surveying the actual condition of managing dental prosthesis in the elderly. Methods: It collected materials targeting 346 elderly brackets in over 65 years old who dwell in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province for about 10 months from September 2010 to June 2011, analyzed 312 copies except 34 copies, which are inappropriate for data processing due to being insufficient in response among these things, and obtained the following results. Results: In the actual condition of missing tooth, a case of missing tooth was indicated to be 78.8%. In case of missing tooth, the number of missing teeth was indicated to be 75.6% for under 5 pieces and 19.1% for over 21 pieces. In the actual condition of managing prosthesis, a case with dental prosthesis treatment was indicated to be 77.6%. A kind of prosthesis was indicated to be the highest in fixed partial dentures with 36.5%. In a method of rinsing dentures, 47.7% of the elderly responded as saying of washing it out with water. The appearance of removing dentures at night was indicated to be the highest in doing so with 63.1%. Satisfaction with prosthesis of being mounted now was indicated to be moderate with 50.4%. As for the appearance of having experience of education on how to manage prosthesis, it was indicated to be high with 50.4% in having none. In a kind of prosthesis depending on averagely monthly income, the ratio of total dentures was high when averagely monthly income is low. On the other hand, a case with high income was indicated to have high ratio in implants. The satisfaction with prosthesis was low when averagely monthly income is low. Also, in the experience of education on how to manage prosthesis, the ratio of responses as saying of having no experience of education on how to manage prosthesis was indicated to be high when averagely monthly income is low. Conclusion: Examining the above results, a developmental plan is considered to be necessary such as developing continuous and systematic oral health promotion program for managing elderly people's managing dental prothesis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.575-586
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• 2000

In this study, adaptation of compomer to saliva contaminated dentin was evaluated with scanning electron microscope(SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). For the SEM study, the occulusal surfaces of thirty two molar teeth were grounded to exposure dentin surfaces. The specimen were randomly assigned to control and three experimental groups with four samples in each group. In control group, Dyract and F-2000 compomer were bonded on the specimens according to the manufactures direction. Experimental groups were subdivided into three groups. They were contaminated with saliva on dentin surfaces ; Experimental group 1 : Saliva was dried with compressed air. Experimental group 2 : Saliva was rinsed with air-water spray and dried. Experimental group 3 : After polymerization of an adhesive, they were contaminated with saliva, and then saliva was rinsed with air-water spray and dried. Dyract and F-2000 compomer were bonded on saliva-treated dentin surfaces. The interfaces between dentin and compomer were observed with SEM. For the CLSM study, Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and ligual surfacess of thirty two molars. The specimens were divided into control and experimental groups. Class V cavities in experimental group were contaminated with saliva and those surfaces in each experimental groups received the same treatments as for the SEM study. Cavities were applied Prime & Bond 2.1 and F-2000 compomer primer/adhesive that were mixed with fluorescein, and then were filled with Dyract and F-2000 compomer. Specimens were embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingual1y with diamond wheel saw, and then mounted on cover slide for CLSM study. The interface between cavity and compomer was observed by fluoresence imaging with a CLSM. The results were as follows : 1. In SEM exammination of Dyract group, control group, experimental group 2, 3 showed close adaptation to dentin and hybrid layer of $3{\sim}4{\mu}m$ diameter. Interfacial gap between compomer and dentin in experimental group 1 was wider than in control group. 2. In SEM examination of F-2000 group, adaptation to dentin of control group was closer than Dytact control group, but hybrid-like layer was not observed. Interfacial gap between compomer and dentin in experimental group 1 was wider than in Dyract experimental group 1. 3. In dissolution specimens of Dyract and F-2000 group, resin tags penetrated through dentinal tubules in control group and experimental group 1 and 3, but the penetration of resin tag was irregular and partial in experimental group 1. 4. In CLSM exammination of Dyract and F-2000 group, adhesive patterns of control and experimental groups showed same as in SEM. This result suggests the treatment methods, rinsing & drying, repeating all adhesive procedures, will produce good effect on adaptation of compomer to dentin if the dentin surface or polymerized adhesive is contaminated by saliva.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of laundry variables and additives on the removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric. Samples of calcium deposited fabric was made by treating fabric with $CaC1_2$ and $Na_2CO_3$ solution subsequently. The experimental variables were: 1) NaOH concentration ($0.0001\%$, $0.0005\%$, $0.001\%$, $0.005\%$, $0.01\%$) 2) Alkaline builders(sodium carbonate, sodium meta silicate) 3) Sequestering agents(STPP and EDTA concentration: $0.02\%$, $0.04\%$, $0.06\%$, $0.08\%$, $0.1\%$, $0.15\%$, $0.2\%$) 4) Temperatures($25\pm1^{\circ}C$, $40\pm1^{\circ}C$, $60\pm1^{\circ}C$) 5) Edge-abrasion to the removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric. The fabric was washed for 15 minutes in a washing machine(Model: Gold Star WP-3007) or Launder-0-meter(40$\~$45 r.p.m., Toyo Rika Instrument Inc.) and rinsed 3 times per every rinsing time. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabrics was determined by EDTA-back titration methods and edge-abrasion was evaluated by ASTM D 3886 method. The results of this study were as follows: 1) pH of surfactant solution(NaOH concentration) did not influence on the removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric. 2) Added alkaline builders did not influence on the removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric. 3) It was shown that STPP and EDTA were effective to remove deposited calcium. The removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric was proportionally increased with increasing concentration of STPP and EDTA. At high concentration, however, the rate was rather decreased with increasing concentration. 4) The temperature of washing solution did not influence on the removal of dedosited calcium on the cotton fabric. 5) As the removal of deposited calcium on the cotton fabric was increased, the rate of edge-abrasion of the fabric was gradually increased.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2015

철강공장의 열연공정에서 발생하는 폐부산물인 mill scale을 원료로 하여 인흡착에 효율적인 무기흡착제인 magnetite를 생산하고자 하였다. Mill scale의 주요 구성성분은 wustite (FeO), magnetite (FeO), hematite (FeO)였으며, 산처리를 수행할 경우 대부분의 wustite가 magnetite와 hematite로 전환되었다. Mill scale의 산처리는 HCl과 $H_2O_2$를 이용하여, 염기처리는 NaOH 이용하여, 산-염기 복합처리는 $H_2SO_4$와 NaOH를 이용하여 수행하였다. Oil 제거 및 DI water로 rinsing만 한 경우, 인 흡착용량은 0.28 mgP/g으로 나타난 반면, 염기처리를 한 경우 0.68, 산처리를 한 경우 1.19 mgP/g으로 인 흡착용량이 증가하였다. 산-염기 복합처리 과정을 통해 단일상의 magnetite 입자를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 입자의 인 흡착용량은 3.11 mgP/g 이상인 것으로 파악되었다. 산화철의 인 흡착에 대한 동력학적 특성 분석결과 Freundlich와 Langmuir 두 등온 흡착모델 모두 magnetite의 인 흡착 거동을 잘 모사하였다. Freundlich 모델의 흡착능(K)과 흡착강도(1/n)를 조사한 결과, 온도가 증가할수록 강한 흡착능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. Langmuir 모델 적용결과 최대 흡착용량은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 5.1 mgP/g인 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.424-433
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• 2019

본 논문은 설탕물 양치 전후, 타액 내 칼륨과 마그네슘의 농도 변화를 분석한 연구이다. 타액 샘플은 10% 자당(포도당) 용액으로 양치하기 전과 양치 직후부터 60분까지 채취하였고 이온크로마토그래피법으로 분석하였다. 설탕물 양치 전 칼륨의 평균 농도는 274.3±77.9 mg/ℓ (279.2±62.1 mg/ℓ)이며, 마그네슘의 평균 농도는 4.5±2.5 mg/ℓ(4.8±2.0 mg/ℓ)이다. 설탕물 양치 직후, 칼륨과 마그네슘의 농도는 자당의 경우 143.9±55.4 mg/ℓ, 2.7±3.1 mg/ℓ이며, 포도당의 경우 150.9±64.2 mg/ℓ, 2.6±0.7 mg/ℓ로 대조군에 비해 급격히 낮아졌으나, 양치 후 60분에서 대조군의 이온 농도 수준으로 회복됨을 확인하였다. 즉 설탕물 양치 직후에는 자극에 의해 타액 내 칼륨과 마그네슘 이온 농도가 낮아지나, 60분 후에는 타액의 자정작용으로 구강 내 향상성이 회복되었다. 본 논문은 타액에 관한 기초자료를 축적하는 것에 의의를 두고 연구하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.418-422
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• 1984

과일과 채소에 오염(汚染)된 잔류농약(殘留農藥)의 세척(洗滌)효율을 알기 위하여 상추, 열무, 풋고추, 딸기, 포도에 말라티온을 인위적으로 처리하고 가정(家庭)에서의 세척(洗滌)방법에 준하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 물에 의하여 3회 세척한 후의 말라티온 잔류율(殘留率)은 포도 9.7%, 풋고추 25.2%, 딸기 28.0%, 열무 29.7%, 상추 38.9%, 배추57.5%로서 배추에서 세척(洗滌)효율이 가장 낮았다. 연성세제(軟性洗劑)로 1 회 세척하고 물로 2 회 수세(水洗)한 후의 말라티온 잔류율(殘留率)은 포도 1.6%, 풋고추 8.3%, 열무 15.8%, 딸기 24.8%, 상추 27.2%, 배추 45.9%로서 세제(洗劑)에 의한 효과가 현저히 증가하였다. 부착(附着)된 말라티온은 1 회 세척에서 가장 많이 제거되었고 그후의 세척에서는 별로 제거되지 않았다. 수온(水溫)이 $5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ 범위에서는 세제(洗劑) 효율에 큰 차이가 없었고, $100^{\circ}C$에서는 세척효율이 이보다 $2{\sim}3$배 더 높았다.