• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2017

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the leading causes of economic losses in the beef and dairy industry. Reliable antemortem tools for diagnosing BRD would improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce costs. Here we examined whether the relatively simple technique of thoracoscopy can support BRD diagnosis under field conditions. We also compared various equipment set-ups in order to optimize the safety and efficacy of the procedure. A total of 24 thoracoscopic procedures were performed in 17 calves diagnosed with BRD and in 2 healthy control calves. Rigid and flexible endoscopes and industrial videoscopes were tested using various insertion approaches. The suitability of the technique was assessed in terms of duration, volume of air extracted, visualization score, and image quality. Safety was assessed in terms of rectal temperature, body weight, breaths/min, presence of fibrinogen, pain score, recovery time, intraoperative complications and risk of laceration or threatening collapse. Results: Insertion of a flexible endoscope via a right, dorso-caudal approach at the $5^{th}$ intercostal space allowed complete examination of the right lung in 15 min, as well as identification of main lung lesions and adherences in calves with BRD, without compromising calf welfare. While the dorso-caudal approach was optimal, it was associated with substantial discomfort when rigid endoscopes were used, minimal complications or mortality due to thoracoscopy were observed up to 28 days after the procedure. Videoscopes were as safe and easy to use as endoscopes, but endoscopes provided better image quality. Conclusion: This study provides the first field evidence that thoracoscopy can be safe to explore BRD-diseased calves. These results justify a larger study to rigorously assess the diagnostic performance of the technique.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.95-98
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• 1993

Salpingoscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis of subclinical epithelial, vascular damage and stricture formation, which may playa significant role in infertility, or predispose women to tubal pregnancy, despite of clear demonstration of tubal patency on hysterosalpingogram. We explored the fallopian tube from the fimbriae to the ampullary-isthmic junction with small rigid flexible endoscope during laparoscopy in sixteen patients from July 1991 to Jan. 1992. All patients have been observed following salpingoscopy for several months. Three pregnancies were achieved in seven patients with bilaterally normal or minimally damaged tubal mucosa. In another five patients with moderate to severe tubal damage, we noted one tubal pregnancy. The other remaining patients are being followed up now. As conclusions, salpingoscopy seems to be an useful tool in the diagnosis of tubal lesions which are not identified by H.S.G., give much help to refine the indications for tubal microsurgery and the selection of patients for GIFT or IVF-ET and to determine the prognostic value in terms of risk for ectopic pregnancy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

Purpose: Blow-out fractures are reduced through transcutaneous or transconjunctival incisions. But the field of orbital surgery is difficult due to lack of visualization of fracture site, blind dissection of orbital floor, susceptibility of injury of orbital structures. In these situations, the former technique of using an antral balloon catheter has advantages over other methods for reconstruction because of its rapidity, simplicity, and inexpensiveness. Furthermore, the antral balloon catheter allows not only elevation of the orbital bone fragment but also expansion of the maxillary sinus in cases where there is a fracture of its walls. But postoperative follow-up method using computed tomography is expensive. Hence, we report a simple and inexpensive follow-up method using radiopaque dye inflation. Methods: We performed endoscopic transantral approach in 5 cases of blow-out fracture under general anesthesia. To accomplish this technique, a rigid 4 mm, 0 or 30 degree angled endoscopy was inserted into the maxillary sinus. Inflation of the catheter started gradually, with 10 to 15 mL of saline mixed radiopaque dye (saline: dye, 5 : 1) by syringe and while observing the elevation of the fracture site with endoscope until a proper contour was reached. For the maintain of the position of fractured site, 12 French urinary balloon foley catheter were used in fracture site for 7 - 10 days. Results: Postoperative assessment was performed by means of clinical and simple radiographic examination to secure the catheter under the inferior orbital wall and in the maxillary sinus. No specific complications occurred related to this procedure. Results of the surgery and follow-up in all cases were satisfactory. Conclusion: It may be a better alternative to the conventional follow-up method, with less cost and effectiveness of the catheter patency. The advantages of using the urinary balloon foley catheter with the radiopaque dye include the following : it is safe, efficacy, simple, and especially low cost. On drawback of this method is the discomfort to the patient caused by the catheter during the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2000

Objective : As a minimally invasive strategy, endoscopic technique was introduced for removal of the traumatic intracerebral hematoma. Material and Method : A 54-year-old man with three-day history of seizure and progressive mental deterioration after traffic accident was presented. Computerized Tomography(CT) of the brain showed a huge intracerebral hematoma on the right frontal lobe and ventricle. The operation was performed via right frontal superolateral keyhole with 2cm eyebrow skin incision. Using 0-degree and 30-degree angled lens 4mm rigid endoscopes, nearly all of the hematoma was evacuated under the direct endoscopic visualization and a ventricular catheter was exactly placed into the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle at the end of procedure. Results : The seizure was discontinued and neurological status had been improved during postoperative periods. Postoperative CT demonstrated that most of the hematoma was removed and the ventricular drainge tube was exactly placed in the right foramen of Monro. Conclusion : With endoscopic technique, the authors successfully evacuated traumatic intracerebral hematoma and exactly placed the ventricular drainage catheter under direct visualization. This technique may be considered as an another option for removal of traumatic intracerebral hematoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2016

Purpose: The management and clinical course in pediatric patients who had ingested foreign body were investigated retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and factor associated with successful removal of fishbone foreign body. Methods: Based on the medical records of patients younger than 15 years old who visited emergency room because of foreign body ingestion from January 1999 to December 2012, the authors reviewed clinical characteristics including type of ingested foreign bodies, time to visits, managements and complications. Results: Fishbone (50.1%) was the most common ingested foreign body in children. Among 416 patients with ingested fishbone, 245 (58.9%) were identified and removed using laryngoscope, rigid or flexible endoscope from pharynx or upper esophagus by otolaryngologists and pediatric gastroenterologists. The kind of ingested fish bone in children was diverse. The mean age of identified and removed fishbone group was 7.39 years old, and higher than that of unidentified fishbone group (5.81 years old, p<0.001). Identified and removed fishbone group had shorter time until hospital visit than the unidentified fishbone group (2.03 vs. 6.47 hours, p<0.001). No complication due to ingested fishbone or procedure occurred. Conclusion: Older age and shorter time from accident to hospital visit were the different factors between success and failure on removal of ingested fish bone in children.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2013

1년 간 우측 귀에 재발성 외이염을 앓다가 이도 내 종괴가 발견된 19개월령의 중성화된 수컷 잡종 고양이에서 종괴의 제거를 시행하였다. 전신마취 후 2.7 mm 내시경을 우측 이도로 삽입하였으며, 원활한 시야 확보를 위해 이도 내 세척을 동시에 시행하였다. 이도 내에서 4.9 mm 직경의 둥근 붉은색 종괴가 확인되었고 traction-avulsion 방법으로 제거되었다. 제거 후 고막 파열이 확인되었으며, 고실 내의 삼출물 제거를 위해 0.9% 멸균생리식염수로 귀를 플러싱하였다. 제거된 종괴는 조직검사 결과 심한 궤양을 동반한 육아조직으로 진단되었다. 술 후 환축은 특별한 부작용을 나타내지 않았으며, 5개월이 경과된 현재 재발의 징후는 발견되지 않았다. 비디오 이경검사법의 사용은 고양이 염증성 폴립의 치료를 위한 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.